
CMPT733 网络安全实验室 II 项目
.
├── README.md
├── heaplens.png
├── heaplens.py
├── logs
│ ├── sudoedit-#.txt
│ └── ...
└── tests
├── Makefile
├── env-in-heap
└── ...
README.md:就是本文件!heaplens.py:主脚本logs/:包含我们在开发和测试过程中捕获的一些示例日志tests/:包含一些用于测试的二进制文件(及其源代码)以下是我们用于测试该漏洞利用的工具(及版本)列表。它们应该已经安装在虚拟机中。如果缺少任何内容,请按照下面的说明操作。
python 3.8.10glibc 2.34gdb 9.2gef 2022.01
gef 在 root 下未启用,请查看 /root/.gdbinit~/.gdbinit 中的内容即可sudo 依赖项(用于在 sudo 上运行 heaplens)需要带有调试功能的 sudo 二进制文件。虚拟机中已安装带有调试符号的预编译二进制文件。
cyberlab@ubuntu:~$ which sudo
/usr/local/bin/sudo
cyberlab@ubuntu:~$ sudo --version
Sudo version 1.8.31
Sudoers policy plugin version 1.8.31
Sudoers file grammar version 46
Sudoers I/O plugin version 1.8.31
cyberlab@ubuntu:~$ sudoedit -s /
sudoedit: /: not a regular file # sudo 存在漏洞
此操作已在虚拟机中完成。如果配置有误,您可以按照以下说明加载 Heaplens。
启动 gef 并编辑配置:
gef➤ gef config gef.extra_plugins_dir <路径>/heaplens
gef➤ gef save
gef➤ q
这将更新文件 ~/.gef.rc 或 /root/.gef.rc(在 root 下)。
在 ~/.gdbinit 或 /root/.gdbinit 中添加以下行:
source <路径>/heaplens/heaplens.py
建议在调试特权程序时以 root 身份运行 gdb:
$ sudo su
# gdb
所有命令均提供帮助信息。您可以在 GDB 中通过 <command> -h 访问它们。
heaplens从内存分配和释放函数(包括 malloc、realloc、calloc 和 free)收集堆信息。
其核心思想是:通过挂钩这些函数,我们可以自动化检查和更新调用栈以及内存分配的返回地址的过程。通过检查跟踪记录,我们可以查看哪个块是由某个 C 文件中的 foo() 分配的,并进一步调查(例如检查相邻块)以找到适合堆漏洞利用的目标。
它还支持在用户对中间堆布局感兴趣时添加自定义断点。
该命令本身输出不多,您需要使用 heaplens-dump 来打印结果。
heaplens -h
usage: [-h] [-b BREAKPOINT] [-v]
Collect heap info from memory (de)allocation functions.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-b BREAKPOINT, --breakpoint BREAKPOINT
stop the executions here (execute br {breakpoint} in gdb) (default: None)
-v, --verbose increase output verbosity (default: False)
示例输出:
gef➤ file sudoedit
gef➤ heaplens -b set_cmnd -- -s '\\' $(python3 -c 'print("A"*65535)')
----------------------------
Initializing Heaplens
----------------------------
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x5840: file ../../src/src/sudo.c, line 136.
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
usage: sudoedit [-AknS] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-T timeout] [-u user] file ...
[Inferior 1 (process 82934) exited with code 01]
Setting breakpoint at set_cmnd...
Function "set_cmnd" not defined.
Breakpoint 2 (set_cmnd) pending.
Hooking free function...
Breakpoint 3 at 0x7f25cc163700: free. (2 locations)
Hooking malloc function...
Breakpoint 4 at 0x7f25cc163110: malloc. (2 locations)
Hooking realloc function...
Breakpoint 5 at 0x7f25cc163eb0: realloc. (2 locations)
Hooking calloc function...
Breakpoint 6 at 0x7f25cc164b40: calloc. (2 locations)
Running -s '\' $(python3 -c 'print("A"*65535)')...
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
Breakpoint 2, set_cmnd () at ../../../src/plugins/sudoers/sudoers.c:804
804 ../../../src/plugins/sudoers/sudoers.c: No such file or directory.
Removing breakpoints from mem_bkps...
heaplens-dump转储 Heaplens 日志。我们提供将结果写入文件、以 JSON 格式输出以及按地址对块进行排序的选项。在转储中,每个块都会以更易读的方式记录其地址、大小、回溯和相关的内存分配函数。
heaplens-dump -h
usage: [-h] [-o OUTPUT] [--json] [-s]
Dump Heaplens logs. Writes to stdout by default.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-o OUTPUT, --output OUTPUT
write to file at path {output} (default: None)
--json dump in json (default: False)
-s, --sort sort the chunks by their addresses (default: False)
示例输出:
gef➤ heaplens-dump
----------------------------
Dumping...
----------------------------
...
[malloc] Chunk 3 @ 0x55f3908ed2a0 | size 0xc
Trace:
#0 __GI___strdup (s=0x7fff6fb3b8dc "en_US.UTF-8") at strdup.c:44
#1 0x00007f285df363c5 in _nl_load_locale_from_archive (category=category@entry=0xc, namep=namep@entry=0x7fff6fb29f50) at loadarchive.c:464
#2 0x00007f285df351fe in _nl_find_locale (locale_path=0x0, locale_path_len=0x0, category=category@entry=0xc, name=name@entry=0x7fff6fb29f50) at findlocale.c:152
#3 0x00007f285df34925 in __GI_setlocale (locale=<optimized out>, category=<optimized out>) at setlocale.c:337
#4 __GI_setlocale (category=<optimized out>, locale=<optimized out>) at setlocale.c:217
#5 0x000055f3901d5965 in main (argc=0x4, argv=0x7fff6fb2a298, envp=0x7fff6fb2a2c0) at ../../src/src/sudo.c:1430
...
Dump complete.
heaplens-chunks输出 gef 中 heap chunks 的略微修改版本。
此命令通过整合 heap bins(列出 glibc bins 中先前分配和释放的块)中关于空闲块的信息,扩展了 GEF 的 heap chunks(显示块的地址、标志、大小和元数据)。GEF 提供了有助于堆检查的功能(如我们提到的两个),但将两者结合起来很繁琐。从高层来看,此命令从后者收集空闲块的地址,并在前者的结果中标记它们。
heaplens-chunks -h
usage: [-h] [--nocolor]
A modified `heap chunks` with info about free chunks.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--nocolor disable ANSI color codes
示例输出:
gef➤ heaplens-chunks
Showing current heap info with freed chunks:
...
Chunk(addr=0x55dd7f91ddb0, size=0xed0, flags=PREV_INUSE) ← free chunk
[0x000055dd7f91ddb0 e0 fb ba e1 f8 7f 00 00 e0 fb ba e1 f8 7f 00 00 ...............]
Chunk(addr=0x55dd7f91ec80, size=0x50, flags=! PREV_INUSE)
[0x000055dd7f91ec80 2f 75 73 72 2f 6c 6f 63 61 6c 2f 73 62 69 6e 3a /usr/local/sbin]
Chunk(addr=0x55dd7f91ecd0, size=0x4010, flags=PREV_INUSE) ← free chunk
[0x000055dd7f91ecd0 f0 02 bb e1 f8 7f 00 00 f0 02 bb e1 f8 7f 00 00 ...............]
Chunk(addr=0x55dd7f922ce0, size=0x50, flags=! PREV_INUSE)
[0x000055dd7f922ce0 90 02 91 7f dd 55 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .....U.........]
Chunk(addr=0x55dd7f922d30, size=0x2da0, flags=PREV_INUSE) ← free chunk
[0x000055dd7f922d30 d0 02 bb e1 f8 7f 00 00 d0 02 bb e1 f8 7f 00 00 ...............]
Chunk(addr=0x55dd7f925ad0, size=0x110, flags=! PREV_INUSE) ← free chunk
[0x000055dd7f925ad0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 f0 90 7f dd 55 00 00 .............U.]
Chunk(addr=0x55dd7f925be0, size=0x30, flags=PREV_INUSE)
[0x000055dd7f925be0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d2 78 b7 7e dd 55 00 00 .........x.~.U.]
Chunk(addr=0x55dd7f925c10, size=0x20, flags=PREV_INUSE)
[0x000055dd7f925c10 65 6e 5f 55 53 2e 55 54 46 2d 38 00 00 00 00 00 en_US.UTF-8....]
Chunk(addr=0x55dd7f925c30, size=0xa3e0, flags=PREV_INUSE) ← top chunk
heaplens-clear清除 heaplens 收集和使用的所有内部日志/数据。
heaplens-clear -h
usage: [-h] [-v]
Clear Heaplens logs.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose increase output verbosity
heaplens-list-env列出存储在堆中并被释放的环境变量。当您想要进行堆整理(heap grooming)时,此命令特别有用,因为这些变量可能会影响堆布局。
heaplens-list-env -h
usage: [-h] [-v] [--prefix PREFIX] [--suffix SUFFIX] [-b BREAKPOINT] [-s SKIP]
List environment variables that might affect the heap layout.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose increase output verbosity
--prefix PREFIX environment variable value prefix
--suffix SUFFIX environment variable value suffix
-b BREAKPOINT, --breakpoint BREAKPOINT
stop the executions here (execute br {breakpoint} in gdb)
-s SKIP, --skip SKIP skip this environment variable
示例输出:
gef➤ file sudoedit
Reading symbols from sudoedit...
gef➤ heaplens-list-env -s LC_ALL -b set_cmnd --prefix C.UTF-8@ -- -s \\ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
...
1st execution. Found following environment variable:
['LOCPATH', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_IDENTIFICATION', 'LANG', 'LC_MEASUREMENT', 'LC_TELEPHONE', 'LC_ADDRESS', 'LC_NAME', 'LC_PAPER', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LC_MONETARY', 'LC_COLLATE', 'LC_TIME', 'LC_NUMERIC', 'LC_CTYPE', 'TZ', 'SHELL', 'LANGUAGE']
...
2nd execution. Possible environment variables for heap grooming:
['LC_IDENTIFICATION', 'LC_COLLATE', 'TZ', 'LC_TIME', 'LANGUAGE', 'LC_NAME', 'LOCPATH', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LC_NUMERIC', 'LC_ADDRESS', 'LC_TELEPHONE', 'LC_MONETARY', 'LC_MEASUREMENT', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LC_PAPER']
构建测试用例脚本(已在虚拟机中构建)
$ cd tests
$ make all
tests/heap-dump 堆布局gef➤ file tests/heap-dump
gef➤ heaplens -b breakme
gef➤ heaplens-dump
sudoedit 堆布局转储到 output.txtgef➤ file sudoedit
gef➤ heaplens -b set_cmnd -- -s \\ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
gef➤ heaplens-dump -o output.txt
tests/env-in-heap 中用于堆整理的环境变量gef➤ file tests/env-in-heap
gef➤ heaplens-list-env
...
----------------------------
2nd execution. Possible environment variables for heap grooming:
['ENV_IN_HEAP']
----------------------------
sudoedit 中用于堆整理的环境变量gef➤ file sudoedit
gef➤ heaplens-list-env -s LC_ALL -b set_cmnd --prefix C.UTF-8@ -- -s \\ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
...
----------------------------
1st execution. Found following environment variable:
['LOCPATH', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_IDENTIFICATION', 'LANG', 'LC_MEASUREMENT', 'LC_TELEPHONE', 'LC_ADDRESS', 'LC_NAME', 'LC_PAPER', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LC_MONETARY', 'LC_COLLATE', 'LC_TIME', 'LC_NUMERIC', 'LC_CTYPE', 'TZ', 'SHELL', 'LANGUAGE']
----------------------------
...
----------------------------
2nd execution. Possible environment variables for heap grooming:
['LC_CTYPE', 'LC_PAPER', 'LC_MONETARY', 'TZ', 'LC_ADDRESS', 'LC_MEASUREMENT', 'LC_IDENTIFICATION', 'LC_COLLATE', 'LC_NUMERIC', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LC_TIME', 'LANGUAGE', 'LC_NAME', 'LOCPATH', 'LC_TELEPHONE']
----------------------------
请参阅 Issues 页面了解更多详情。