本仓库包含 cuFuzz 的工件,cuFuzz 是一个面向用户态 CUDA 应用程序、面向 GPU 的覆盖率引导模糊测试器。cuFuzz 将主机端和设备端覆盖率收集与 sanitizer 处理相结合,以有效发现 CUDA 程序中的缺陷。

cufuzz-artifacts/
├── src/ # Core cuFuzz components
│ ├── cufuzz_cov_nvbit/ # NVBit-based device-side coverage collection tool
│ └── cufuzz_sand/ # Sanitizer wrappers for SAND integration
├── targets/ # Example fuzzing targets
│ └── sampleApp/ # Simple CUDA app with intentional bug for testing
├── scripts/ # Evaluation and analysis scripts
├── Tools/ # External dependencies
│ ├── AFLplusplus/ # AFL++ fuzzer (git submodule)
│ └── AFLplusplus.patch # cuFuzz patches for AFL++
├── third-party-licenses/ # Third-party license files
│ ├── LICENSE_from_aflplusplus # AFL++ Apache 2.0 license
│ └── LICENSE_from_nvbit # NVBit NVIDIA EULA
├── images/ # Documentation images
├── build.sh # Automated build script
├── verify_build.sh # Quick verification test
├── Dockerfile # Docker container definition
├── LICENSE # Apache License 2.0
└── CONTRIBUTING.md # Contribution guidelines and DCO
cuFuzz 已在以下硬件配置上测试:
| 组件 | 规格 |
|---|---|
| GPU | NVIDIA A40(48GB 显存,计算能力 8.6) |
| CPU | Intel Xeon Platinum 8362(64 核,每核 2 线程) |
| 内存 | 建议 120GB+ RAM |
其他 GPU:cuFuzz 应可在计算能力 ≥ 7.0 的其他 NVIDIA GPU 上运行。请相应调整 GPU_ARCH 环境变量(参见 GPU 架构配置)。
尝试 cuFuzz 最快的方式是使用 Docker 容器。我们的 Dockerfile 使用官方 NVIDIA CUDA 12.9 开发镜像。
tar -xzvf cufuzz-artifacts.tar.gz
cd cufuzz-artifacts
# Clone AFL++ (required dependency)
git clone https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus.git Tools/AFLplusplus
cd Tools/AFLplusplus
git checkout 9cac7ced05eb9f36c1d0b02ad594b3b09cd3938b
cd ../..
构建 Docker 镜像,指定你的 GPU 架构:
sudo docker build --build-arg GPU_ARCH=<your_arch> -t cufuzz .
GPU 架构参考:
完整列表请参阅:https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus
A40/RTX 3090 示例:
sudo docker build --build-arg GPU_ARCH=sm_86 -t cufuzz .
注意:此步骤可能需要几分钟,具体取决于你的机器和网络连接。
sudo docker run --rm --gpus all -it -v /:/my_workspace cufuzz bash
Docker 容器运行后,验证构建:
root@container:~/cufuzz# ./verify_build.sh
在 Ubuntu 22.04 上安装所需依赖:
apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential python3-dev automake cmake git flex \
bison libglib2.0-dev libpixman-1-dev python3-setuptools cargo libgtk-3-dev lld llvm llvm-dev \
clang ninja-build cpio libcapstone-dev wget curl python3-pip vim less libxxhash-dev bc zlib1g-dev
为你的 GPU 设置 GPU_ARCH 环境变量(参见上面的架构表):
export GPU_ARCH=sm_86 # Change to match your GPU
cd Tools/AFLplusplus
patch -N -p1 < ../AFLplusplus.patch
export CXX=/usr/bin/clang++-14
export CC=/usr/bin/clang-14
make -j8 &> build.log
下载 NVBit 1.7.5 版本:
mkdir -p Tools/NVBit
wget https://github.com/NVlabs/NVBit/releases/download/v1.7.5/nvbit-Linux-x86_64-1.7.5.tar.bz2
tar -xvf nvbit-Linux-x86_64-1.7.5.tar.bz2
mv nvbit_release_x86_64/* Tools/NVBit/
rm -rf nvbit_release_x86_64 nvbit-Linux-x86_64-1.7.5.tar.bz2
构建我们的 NVBit 覆盖率工具:
cd src/cufuzz_cov_nvbit/
export GPU_ARCH=sm_86 # Adjust for your GPU
ARCH=$GPU_ARCH make
cd src/cufuzz_sand
AFL_SAN_NO_INST=1 ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast -O2 wrapper_san.c -o wrapper_memcheck.out
AFL_SAN_NO_INST=1 ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast -DSAN_MODE_INIT -O2 wrapper_san.c -o wrapper_initcheck.out
AFL_SAN_NO_INST=1 ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast -DSAN_MODE_RACE -O2 wrapper_san.c -o wrapper_racecheck.out
AFL_SAN_NO_INST=1 ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast -DSAN_MODE_ASAN -O2 wrapper_san.c -o wrapper_asan.out
构建 cuFuzz 后,使用以下命令启动模糊测试:
CUFUZZ_MAP_SIZE=65536 AFL_SKIP_CPUFREQ=1 AFL_PRELOAD=/PATH/TO/cufuzz_cov.so \
./Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-fuzz -x sample.dict -i input_samples/ -o output_dir/ \
-t 1000000 ./cuda_app.out @@
| 变量 | 描述 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
AFL_SKIP_CPUFREQ | 跳过 CPU 频率调节策略检查 | AFL_SKIP_CPUFREQ=1 |
AFL_PRELOAD | NVBit 覆盖率工具的路径 | AFL_PRELOAD=/path/to/cufuzz_cov.so |
AFL_SAN_ABSTRACTION 变量控制哪些输入会被送入 sanitizer:
推荐:AFL_SAN_ABSTRACTION=simplify_trace(默认)
在此模式下,cuFuzz 使用设备端覆盖率,并对一部分输入(具有唯一轨迹的输入)运行 compute sanitizer。此模式利用 AFL++ 的 SAND 功能,将覆盖率收集与 sanitizer 处理解耦。
cd src/cufuzz_sand
# Build sanitizer wrappers
AFL_SAN_NO_INST=1 ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast -O2 wrapper_san.c -o wrapper_memcheck.out
AFL_SAN_NO_INST=1 ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast -DSAN_MODE_INIT -O2 wrapper_san.c -o wrapper_initcheck.out
AFL_SAN_NO_INST=1 ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast -DSAN_MODE_RACE -O2 wrapper_san.c -o wrapper_racecheck.out
AFL_SAN_NO_INST=1 ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast -DSAN_MODE_ASAN -O2 wrapper_san.c -o wrapper_asan.out
cd ../../targets/sampleApp/
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin/:$PATH
export GPU_ARCH=sm_86 # Adjust for your GPU
# Build vanilla version (for sanitizer)
nvcc sampleApp.cu -I/usr/local/cuda/include/ -O2 --ptxas-options "-v" \
--gpu-architecture=$GPU_ARCH -o sampleApp-vanilla.out
# Build instrumented version (for fuzzing)
nvcc sampleApp.cu -I/usr/local/cuda/include/ -O2 --ptxas-options "-v" \
--gpu-architecture=$GPU_ARCH --compiler-bindir ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast++ \
-o sampleApp.out
# Run cuFuzz
ORIGINAL_APP=./sampleApp-vanilla.out \
SANITIZER_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin/compute-sanitizer \
SANITIZER_ARG="--tool=memcheck --report-api-errors=no --error-exitcode 99" \
SANITIZER_ARG_RACE="--tool=racecheck --report-api-errors=no --error-exitcode 99" \
SANITIZER_ARG_INIT="--tool=initcheck --report-api-errors=no --error-exitcode 99" \
CUFUZZ_MAP_SIZE=65536 \
AFL_SKIP_CPUFREQ=1 \
AFL_PRELOAD=../../src/cufuzz_cov_nvbit/cufuzz_cov.so \
../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-fuzz -x sample.dict -i in/ -o out/ \
-w ../../src/cufuzz_sand/wrapper_memcheck.out \
-w ../../src/cufuzz_sand/wrapper_racecheck.out \
-w ../../src/cufuzz_sand/wrapper_initcheck.out \
-t 1000000 ./sampleApp.out @@

不使用 sanitizer 运行(不推荐):移除 -w 参数和 SANITIZER_* 变量。
不使用设备端覆盖率运行(可选):移除 AFL_PRELOAD=...cufuzz_cov.so。
在此模式下,cuFuzz 利用 AFL++ 的持久模式,在单个进程内测试多个输入。通过分摊 CUDA 初始化开销,显著提高吞吐量。
持久模式需要修改模糊测试 harness 的源代码。详细信息请参阅 AFL++ 持久模式文档。
cd targets/sampleApp/
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin/:$PATH
export GPU_ARCH=sm_86 # Adjust for your GPU
# Build persistent mode binary
nvcc sampleApp_persistent.cu -I/usr/local/cuda/include/ -O2 --ptxas-options "-v" \
--gpu-architecture=$GPU_ARCH --compiler-bindir ../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-clang-fast++ \
-o sampleApp_persistent.out
# Run cuFuzz in persistent mode
COV_PERSISTENT=1 \
CUFUZZ_MAP_SIZE=65536 \
AFL_SKIP_CPUFREQ=1 \
AFL_PRELOAD=../../src/cufuzz_cov_nvbit/cufuzz_cov.so \
./../../Tools/AFLplusplus/afl-fuzz -x sample.dict -i in/ -o out/ \
-t 1000000 ./sampleApp_persistent.out @@

持久模式还支持使用 src/cufuzz_sand/wrapper_persistent_san.c 启用 sanitizer 选项。
nvidia-smi 正常工作GPU_ARCH 设置为与 GPU 的计算能力匹配我们欢迎贡献!请参阅 CONTRIBUTING.md 了解贡献指南,包括:
如果您在研究中使用 cuFuzz,请引用我们的 OOPSLA 2026 论文:
@article{cufuzz2026,
title={Hunting CUDA Bugs at Scale with cuFuzz},
author={Mohamed Tarek Ibn Ziad and Christos Kozyrakis},
journal={Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages},
volume={10},
number={OOPSLA1},
article={123},
month={4},
year={2026},
doi={10.1145/3798231}
}
本项目采用 Apache License 2.0 许可证 - 详见 LICENSE 文件。
Copyright (c) 2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
本项目使用以下第三方组件:
| 组件 | 许可证 | 许可证文件 |
|---|---|---|
| AFL++ | Apache License 2.0 | third-party-licenses/LICENSE_from_aflplusplus |
| NVBit | NVIDIA EULA | third-party-licenses/LICENSE_from_nvbit |
| 存储 | 50GB+ 可用空间,用于 Docker 镜像和模糊测试输出 |
| 组件 | 版本 |
|---|
| Ubuntu | 22.04 LTS |
| NVIDIA 驱动 | 570.144 或兼容版本 |
| CUDA 工具包 | 12.9 |
| Docker | 20.10+(推荐) |
| nvidia-container-toolkit | 支持 --gpus 参数所需 |
| clang | 14 |
| GPU 家族 | 架构 | 示例 |
|---|
| Ampere(数据中心) | sm_80 | A100 |
| Ampere(消费级/专业级) | sm_86 | A40, RTX 3090, RTX 3060 |
| Hopper | sm_90 | H100 |
| Ada Lovelace | sm_89 | RTX 4090, L40 |
| Turing | sm_75 | RTX 2080, T4 |
| 变量 |
|---|
| 描述 |
|---|
| 示例 |
|---|
CUFUZZ_MAP_SIZE | 覆盖率映射大小(字节) | CUFUZZ_MAP_SIZE=65536 |
COV_PERSISTENT | 启用 AFL 持久模式支持(0=否,1=是) | COV_PERSISTENT=1 |
GPU_ARCH | 构建时的目标 GPU 架构 | GPU_ARCH=sm_86 |
| 变量 | 描述 | 示例 |
|---|
ORIGINAL_APP | 原始(未插桩)应用程序的路径 | ORIGINAL_APP=./cuda_app |
SANITIZER_PATH | compute-sanitizer 二进制文件的路径 | SANITIZER_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin/compute-sanitizer |
SANITIZER_ARG | memcheck sanitizer 的参数 | SANITIZER_ARG="--tool=memcheck --error-exitcode 99" |
SANITIZER_ARG_RACE | racecheck sanitizer 的参数 | SANITIZER_ARG_RACE="--tool=racecheck --error-exitcode 99" |
SANITIZER_ARG_INIT | initcheck sanitizer 的参数 | SANITIZER_ARG_INIT="--tool=initcheck --error-exitcode 99" |
| 值 | 描述 | 敏感度 | 性能 |
|---|
all_trace | 将所有输入送入 sanitizer | 最高 | 最慢 |
simplify_trace | 将具有唯一执行路径的输入送入 | 高 | 均衡 |
unique_trace | 将具有唯一覆盖特征的输入送入 | 中 | 较快 |
coverage_increase | 仅送入导致覆盖率增加的输入 | 低 | 最快 |