Nebula是一个云和（希望）DevOps渗透测试框架。它针对每个提供商和每个功能构建模块。截至2021年4月，它只涵盖AWS，但目前是一个持续进行的项目，希望将继续发展，测试GCP、Azure、Kubernetes、Docker或自动化引擎如Ansible、Terraform、Chef等。我开始编写它时正在阅读《Hands-On AWS Penetration Testing with Kali Linux》（https://www.amazon.com/Hands-Penetration-Testing-Kali-Linux/dp/1789136725）并基于Pacu（https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/pacu）。
演讲：
当前涵盖：
目前有53个模块覆盖：
版本3.0包括：
Nebula使用python3.11编写。它使用boto3库访问AWS。要安装，只需进入teamserver目录并构建容器：```
$ docker build -t nebula-teamserver .
然后，只需使用docker运行它：```
$ docker run -it nebula-teamserver -dH <database host> -du <database user> -dp <database password> -dn <database name> --p <teamserver password>
------------------------------------------------------------
_ _ _ _
| \ | | | | | |
| \| | ___| |__ _ _| | __ _
| . ` |/ _ \ '_ \| | | | |/ _` |
_______ | |\ | __/ |_) | |_| | | (_| |
|__ __||_| \_|\___|_.__/ \__,_|_|\__,_|
| | ___ __ _ _ __ ___ ___ ___ _ ____ _____ _ __
| |/ _ \/ _` | '_ ` _ \/ __|/ _ \ '__\ \ / / _ \ '__|
| | __/ (_| | | | | | \__ \ __/ | \ V / __/ |
|_|\___|\__,_|_| |_| |_|___/\___|_| \_/ \___|_|
-------------------------------------------------------------
37 aws 0 gcp 4 azure 0 office365
0 docker 0 kubernetes 4 misc 11 azuread
4 digitalocean
-------------------------------------------------------------
60 modules 6 cleanup 0 detection
19 enum 5 exploit 2 persistence
1 listeners 0 lateral movement 7 detection bypass
7 privesc 10 reconnaissance 2 stager 0 postexploitation
1 misc
[*] Port is busy. Is a MongoDB instance running there? [y/N] y
------------------------------------------------------------
[*] JWT Secret Key set to: '<secret value>'
[*] Database Server set to: '<db host>:<db port>'
[*] Database set to: '<db name>'
[*] Teamserver IP address is '<teamserver host>'
[*] User 'cosmonaut' was created!
[*] API Server set to: '<api host>:<api port>'
------------------------------------------------------------
与客户端 client 相同。只需转到 client 目录并构建容器：```
$ docker build -t nebula-client .
然后，只需使用 docker 运行它：```
$ docker run -it nebula-client -ah <api host> -p <teamserver password> -b
-------------------------------------------------------------
37 aws 0 gcp 4 azure 0 office365
0 docker 0 kubernetes 4 misc 13 azuread
4 digitalocean
-------------------------------------------------------------
62 modules 6 cleanup 0 detection
19 enum 5 exploit 2 persistence
1 listeners 0 lateral movement 7 detection bypass
7 privesc 10 reconnaissance 2 stager
1 misc 2 initialaccess 0 postexploitation
-------------------------------------------------------------
[*] Importing sessions found on ~/.aws
[*] No sessions found on ~/.aws
()()(Nebula) >>>
...........
...''''''''''''''...
..'''''...........''''''............
..''''.. ...'''''''''''''''...
..'''.. ..............'''''..
.''''. .;loddool:'. ..''''..
..'''. .;clokXWWMWNKkl;. .''''.
.'''. .',,'.. ';dNMMMMMWKko;. .'''..
.''''. .cx0NWWNX0koc;,'cKMMMMMMMMMWXOo:. .''''....
.'''. .',',:oONMMMMMWNNNWMMMMMMWKk0WMMWXx' .''''''''...
..'''. .,dXMMMMMMMMMMMMMNOl',oONWWd. .......'''''..
...'''''.. :o' cXMMMMMMMMMMMMMWNXKKXNWWKxc,. ..''''..
..''''.... oNKl'. ..oXMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNKOdc,.. ..''''.
..''''.. ,OWWX0O0XWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMWWWWMMMMMMMMMWXOxooxk:. ..'''.
..'''''''''''''''''''''. .l0NMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMN0dc;;;coONMMMMMMMMMMMMMK: ..'''.
....................... .,dXMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMWX0ko:. .;OWMMMMMMMMMMMWx. .'''.
.oWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMWNXXXWMMWKd' .:lccclodOXWMWd. .'''.
,lc' .................. ',. .,OWMMMMMMMMMMMMXx:'...:0WMMMKl. .. .'oKO, .'''.
,0MWx. .''''''''''''''''''. ;OKOOOO0NWMMMMMMMMMMMMNl. .cdoox0XOl;'....... ... .'''.
.;ol' ................... ;kXWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMWx. .:0WNKkdo:. ... .'''.
.................... .:ldxk0XWMMMMMMMMMMMW0o' .';;,. .... ..'''.
;k00000000000000000000x' ..;lkXWMMMMMMMMMWXkc. ..'''.
.lXWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWMMWKl. ;OWMMMMMMMMMMMWKx:. ..''''.
.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:kNMMW0o,. 'kWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMWKd,. ..''''..
.:ONMMMNKkdlc:::::::::ccldkKWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNOl' ...........'''''..
.,oOXWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMWXkc....''''''''''...
.':ldkO0000000000000000000000000000000000000000Ox:. ........
...........................................
_ _______ ______ _ _______
( ( /|( ____ \( ___ \ |\ /|( \ ( ___ )
| \ ( || ( \/| ( ) )| ) ( || ( | ( ) |
| \ | || (__ | (__/ / | | | || | | (___) |
| (\ \) || __) | __ ( | | | || | | ___ |
| | \ || ( | ( \ \ | | | || | | ( ) |
| ) \ || (____/\| )___) )| (___) || (____/\| ) ( |
|/ )_)(_______/|/ \___/ (_______)(_______/|/ \|
Because Clouds are so AWSome
-------------------------------------------------------------
Created by: gl4ssesbo1
-------------------------------------------------------------
48 aws 1 gcp 7 azure 0 office365
0 docker 0 kubernetes 6 misc 4 azuread
4 digitalocean
-------------------------------------------------------------
81 modules 6 cleanup 0 detection
19 enum 22 exploit 2 persistence
2 listeners 0 lateral movement 7 detection bypass
0 privesc 16 reconnaissance 2 stager 1 postexploitation
4 misc
Remember:
-------------------------------------------------------------
1) Only use this tool if you have permissions from the
infrastructure's owner. Don't be a dick. Don't choose jail.
And if you have some scruples, don't hack others just because
you can (or cannot, in which case that's why you chose this
tool to do it).
2) There is a template file on module directory that you can
use if you want to develop new modules. If you want to
contribute on this tool, be my guest.
3) Thank you for using this tool and Hack the Planet Legally!
-------------------------------------------------------------
[] Importing sessions found on ~/.aws [] Imported sessions found on ~/.aws. Enter 'show credentials' to get the credentials. (test)()(Nebula)
### 帮助
运行 *help* 命令，将显示可使用的命令列表：```
()()(AWS) >>> help
Help Command: Description:
------------- ------------
help Show help for all the commands
help credentials Show help for credentials
help module Show help for modules
help workspace Show help for credentials
help user-agent Show help for credentials
help shell Show help for shell connections
Module Commands Description
--------------- -----------
show modules List all the modules
show enum List all Enumeration modules
show exploit List all Exploit modules
show persistence List all Persistence modules
show privesc List all Privilege Escalation modules
show reconnaissance List all Reconnaissance modules
show listener List all Reconnaissance modules
show cleanup List all Enumeration modules
show detection List all Exploit modules
show detectionbypass List all Persistence modules
show lateralmovement List all Privilege Escalation modules
show stager List all Reconnaissance modules
use module <module> Use a module.
options Show options of a module you have selected.
run Run a module you have selected. Eg: 'run <module name>'
search Search for a module via pattern. Eg: 'search s3'
back Unselect a module
set <option> Set option of a module. Need to have the module used first.
unset <option> Unset option of a module. Need to have the module used first.
User-Agent commands Description
------------------- -----------
set user-agent windows Set a windows client user agent
set user-agent linux Set a linux client user agent
set user-agent custom Set a custom client user agent
show user-agent Show the current user-agent
unset user-agent Use the user agent that boto3 produces
Workspace Commands Description
------------------ -----------
create workspace <wp> Create a workspace
use workspace <wp> Use one of the workspaces
remove workspace <wp> Remove a workspace
Shell commands Description
------------------- -----------
shell check_env Check the environment you are in, get data and meta-data
shell exit Kill a connection
shell <command> Run a command on a system. You don't need " on the command, just shell <command1> <command2>
当你拥有一组凭据时，可以输入 getuid 来获取用户，或输入 enum_user_privs 来检查一组凭据的读取权限。
UserID: A******************Q
Arn: arn:aws:iam::012345678912:user/user_user
Account: 012345678912
[*] Output is saved to './workspaces/test/12_07_2021_02_22_54_getuid_dev_brian'
如果凭据自身没有以下权限，```
STS:GetUserIdentity
IAM:GetUser
IAM:ListAttachedUserPolicies
IAM:GetPolicy (for all policies)
你会得到一个错误：``` [*] An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the GetUser operation: User: arn:aws:iam::012345678912:user/user_user is not authorized to perform: iam:GetUser on resource: user user_user
#### Enum_User_Privs
该命令检查并列出和描述一组凭据的权限。```
(test)()(AWS) >>> enum_user_privs
User: user_user
UserID: A******************Q
Arn: arn:aws:iam::012345678912:user/user_user
Account: 012345678912
--------------------------
Service: ec2
--------------------------
[*] Trying the 'Describe' functions:
[*] 'describe_account_attributes' worked!
[*] 'describe_addresses' worked!
[*] 'describe_aggregate_id_format' worked!
[*] 'describe_availability_zones' worked!
[*] 'describe_bundle_tasks' worked!
[*] 'describe_capacity_reservations' worked!
[*] 'describe_client_vpn_endpoints' worked!
[*] 'describe_coip_pools' worked!
[*] 'describe_customer_gateways' worked!
[*] 'describe_dhcp_options' worked!
[*] 'describe_egress_only_internet_gateways' worked!
^C[*] Stopping. It might take a while. Please wait.
[*] Output of the allowed functions is saved to './workspaces/test/12_07_2021_02_24_09_enum_user_privs'
[*] The list of the allowed functions is saved to './workspaces/test/12_07_2021_02_24_09_allowed_functions'
你可以列出所有模块或指定模块：``` ()()(AWS) >>> show modules cleanup/aws_iam_delete_access_key Delete access key of a user by providing it.
cleanup/aws_iam_delete_login_profile Delete access of a user to the Management
Console
enum/aws_ec2_enum_elastic_ips Lists User data of an Instance provided.
Requires Secret Key and Access Key of an IAM that has access
to it.
enum/aws_ec2_enum_images List all ec2 images. Needs credentials of an
IAM with DescribeImages right. Output is dumpled on a file.
It takes a sh*tload of time, unfortunately. And boy, is it a
huge output.
enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances Describes instances attribues: Instances, VCP,
Zones, Images, Security Groups, Snapshots, Subnets, Tags,
Volumes. Requires Secret Key and Access Key of an IAM that
has access to all or any of the API calls:
DescribeAvailabilityZones, DescribeImages,
DescribeInstances, DescribeKeyPairs, DescribeSecurityGroups,
DescribeSnapshots, DescribeSubnets, DescribeTags,
DescribeVolumes, DescribeVpcs
就这样，你可以使用：```
show module
show enum
show exploit
show persistence
show privesc
show reconnaissance
show listener
show cleanup
show detection
show detectionbypass
show lateralmovement
show stager
使用 search 命令搜索包含特定词的模块：``` ()()(AWS) >>> search instance enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances Describes instances attribues: Instances, VCP, Zones, Images, Security Groups, Snapshots, Subnets, Tags, Volumes. Requires Secret Key and Access Key of an IAM that has access to all or any of the API calls: DescribeAvailabilityZones, DescribeImages, DescribeInstances, DescribeKeyPairs, DescribeSecurityGroups, DescribeSnapshots, DescribeSubnets, DescribeTags, DescribeVolumes, DescribeVpcs
enum/aws_iam_list_instance_profiles List all the instance profiles.
exploit/aws_ec2_create_instance_with_user_data You must provide policies in JSON format in
IAM. However, for AWS CloudFormation templates formatted in
YAML, you can provide the policy in JSON or YAML format. AWS
CloudFormation always converts a YAML policy to JSON format
before submitting it to IAM.
()()(AWS) >>>
#### 使用模块
要使用模块，只需输入 *use* 和模块名称。三个括号中会显示模块名称。```
(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>> use module enum/aws_iam_get_group
(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>>
Describes instances attribues: Instances, VCP, Zones, Images, Security Groups, Snapshots, Subnets, Tags, Volumes. Requires Secret Key and Access Key of an IAM that has access to all or any of the API calls: DescribeAvailabilityZones, DescribeImages, DescribeInstances, DescribeKeyPairs, DescribeSecurityGroups, DescribeSnapshots, DescribeSubnets, DescribeTags, DescribeVolumes, DescribeVpcs
name: gl4ssesbo1
twitter: https://twitter.com/gl4ssesbo1
github: https://github.com/gl4ssesbo1
blog: https://www.pepperclipp.com/
aws ec2 describe-instances --region {} --profile {}
SERVICE: ec2
Required: true
Description: The service that will be used to run the module. It cannot be changed.
INSTANCE-ID:
Required: false
Description: The ID of the instance you want to enumerate. If not supplied, all instances will be enumerated.
(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>>
要设置选项，请使用 *set* 和选项名称：```
(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>> set INSTANCE-ID 1234
(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>> options
Desctiption:
-----------------------------
Describes instances attribues: Instances, VCP, Zones, Images, Security Groups, Snapshots, Subnets, Tags, Volumes. Requires Secret Key and Access Key of an IAM that has access to all or any of the API calls: DescribeAvailabilityZones, DescribeImages, DescribeInstances, DescribeKeyPairs, DescribeSecurityGroups, DescribeSnapshots, DescribeSubnets, DescribeTags, DescribeVolumes, DescribeVpcs
Author:
-----------------------------
name: gl4ssesbo1
twitter: https://twitter.com/gl4ssesbo1
github: https://github.com/gl4ssesbo1
blog: https://www.pepperclipp.com/
Needs Credentials: True
-----------------------------
AWSCLI Command:
-----------------------------
aws ec2 describe-instances --region {} --profile {}
Options:
-----------------------------
SERVICE: ec2
Required: true
Description: The service that will be used to run the module. It cannot be changed.
INSTANCE-ID: 1234
Required: false
Description: The ID of the instance you want to enumerate. If not supplied, all instances will be enumerated.
(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>>
同时使用 unset 取消设置它们。``` (work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>> unset INSTANCE-ID (work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>>
#### 运行模块
要运行该模块，如果它需要凭证，您需要已导入一组具备运行所需权限的凭证。这会在模块的选项中显示为：```
Needs Credentials: True
-----------------------------
要运行它，只需输入 run。根据输出，它会显示分页视图，或者直接打印。分页功能使用了 less 二进制文件，Windows 系统使用来自 https://github.com/jftuga/less-Windows 的二进制文件。该 exe 的副本位于 less_binary 目录中。 输出也会保存在工作区目录中的文件里：``` (work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>> run [*] Content dumped on file './workspaces/work1/16_04_2021_18_16_48_ec2_enum_instances'.
### 凭据
#### 输入凭据
Nebula 可以使用 AccessKeyID + SecretKey 组合以及 AccessKeyID + SecretKey + SessionKey 组合来认证到基础设施中。
要插入一组凭据，请使用：```
()()(AWS) >>> set credentials test1
Profile Name: test1
Access Key ID: A*********2
Secret Key ID: a****************************7
Region: us-west-3
Do you also have a session token?[y/N]
[*] Credentials set. Use 'show credentials' to check them.
[*] Currect credential profile set to 'test1'.Use 'show current-creds' to check them.
并且你将获得一些输入，允许你设置它们。在输入凭证时，可以通过在被提示 Do you also have a session token?[y/N] 时输入 y 来添加会话令牌。
####使用凭证 要使用另一个凭证，只需输入：``` ()()(AWS) >>> use credentials test1 [*] Currect credential profile set to 'test1'.Use 'show current-creds' to check them.
####当前凭据
当您输入凭据时，它们会自动成为当前凭据，即您将用于身份验证的凭据。要检查当前凭据，请使用：```
()()(AWS) >>> show current-creds
{
"profile": "test1",
"access_key_id": "A*********2",
"secret_key": "a****************************7",
"region": "us-west-3"
}
####删除凭据 如果你不想保留你的凭据，你可以使用以下命令删除它们：``` ()()(AWS) >>> remove credentials test1 You are about to remove credential 'test1'. Are you sure? [y/N] y
#### 转储和导入凭据
如果你想把凭据保存在本地机器上，可以使用：```
()()(AWS) >>> dump credentials
[*] Credentials dumped on file './credentials/16_04_2021_17_37_59'.
它们将被保存到一个包含转储时间和日期的文件中，该文件位于Nebula目录下的 credentials 目录中。 要导入它们，只需输入：``` ()()(AWS) >>> import credentials 16_04_2021_17_37_59 ()()(AWS) >>> show credentials [ { "profile": "test1", "access_key_id": "A*******2", "secret_key": "a**************************7", "region": "us-west-3" } ]
### 工作区
Nebula 使用工作区来保存每条命令的输出。输出以 json 数据格式保存在 *workspaces* 目录下创建的文件夹中（s3_name_fuzzer 除外，它保存为 XML 格式）。
#### 创建工作区
要创建工作区，请输入：```
()()(AWS) >>> create workspace work1
[*] Workspace 'work1' created.
[*] Current workspace set at 'work1'.
(work1)()(AWS) >>> ls ./workspaces
Directory: C:\Users\***\Desktop\Nebula\workspaces
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
d----- 4/16/2021 5:42 PM work1
-a---- 4/16/2021 4:40 PM 0 __init__.py
创建时，第一个括号将包含您正在使用的工作区的名称。 如果您想使用现有工作区，只需输入：``` ()()(AWS) >>> use workspace work1 (work1)()(AWS) >>>
工作区是必需使用的，因此即使您当前没有使用任何工作区，在运行模块时，它会要求您创建一个随机名称的工作区，或者自行创建一个自定义名称的工作区。```
()()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>> run
A workspace is not configured. Workstation 'qxryiuct' will be created. Are you sure? [y/N] n
[*] Create a workstation first using 'create workstation <workstation name>'.
()()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>>
work1
(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>>
#### 移除工作区
要移除工作区，请输入：```
()()(AWS) >>> remove workspace work1
[*] Are you sure you want to delete the workspace? [y/N] y
()()(AWS) >>> show workspaces
-----------------------------------
Workspaces:
-----------------------------------
()()(AWS) >>>
要创建反向Shell，您需要创建一个存根程序并运行一个监听器。要使用此功能，您需要以root身份运行Nebula（以打开端口）。
The TCP Reverse Shell that is used by listeners/aws_python_tcp_listener
name: gl4ssesbo1
twitter: https://twitter.com/gl4ssesbo1
github: https://github.com/gl4ssesbo1
blog: https://www.pepperclipp.com/
None
SERVICE: none
Required: true
Description: The service that will be used to run the module. It cannot be changed.
HOST:
Required: true
Description: The Host/IP of the C2 Server.
PORT:
Required: true
Description: The C2 Server Port.
FORMAT:
Required: true
Description: The format of the stager. Currently only allows 'py' for Python and 'elf' for ELF Binary.
CALLBACK-TIME: None
Required: true
Description: The time in seconds between callbacks from Stager. The Stager calls back even if the server crashes or is stoped in a loop.
OUTPUT-FILE-NAME:
Required: true
Description: The name of the stager output file.
要填写的选项有：
- **HOST**：C2服务器的IP或域名
- **Port**：C2服务器端口
- **Format**：当前仅支持python raw文件和elf二进制文件
- **Callback-Time**：会话回调的时间（秒）。即使当前会话处于活动状态，或者服务器崩溃或关闭，它也会进行回调，这样你就不会失去对机器的访问。
- **Output File Name**：输出文件的名称。
运行模块将生成一个存根器，保存在 **./workspaces/workspacename/stagername** 下。
#### 监听器
监听器很简单。只需配置Host（默认设置为0.0.0.0）和Port，即可创建服务器。要运行监听器，你需要以root身份运行Nebula。```
()()(stager/aws_python_tcp) >>> use module listeners/aws_python_tcp_listener
()()(listeners/aws_python_tcp_listener) >>> options
Desctiption:
-----------------------------
TCP Listener for Reverse Shell stagers/aws_python_tcp
Author:
-----------------------------
name: gl4ssesbo1
twitter: https://twitter.com/gl4ssesbo1
github: https://github.com/gl4ssesbo1
blog: https://www.pepperclipp.com/
Needs Credentials: False
-----------------------------
AWSCLI Command:
-----------------------------
None
Options:
-----------------------------
SERVICE: none
Required: true
Description: The service that will be used to run the module. It cannot be changed.
HOST: 0.0.0.0
Required: true
Description: The Host/IP of the C2 Server.
PORT:
Required: true
Description: The C2 Server Port.
用户代理可以设置为Linux、Windows或自定义。要显示它们，只需使用show。``` ()()(AWS) >>> set user-agent linux User Agent: Boto3/1.9.89 Python/3.8.1 Linux/4.1.2-34-generic was set ()()(AWS) >>> show user-agent [] User Agent is: Boto3/1.9.89 Python/3.8.1 Linux/4.1.2-34-generic ()()(AWS) >>> set user-agent windows User Agent: Boto3/1.7.48 Python/3.9.1 Windows/7 Botocore/1.10.48 was set ()()(AWS) >>> show user-agent [] User Agent is: Boto3/1.7.48 Python/3.9.1 Windows/7 Botocore/1.10.48 ()()(AWS) >>> set user-agent custom Enter the User-Agent you want: sth User Agent: sth was set ()()(AWS) >>> show user-agent [*] User Agent is: sth ()()(AWS) >>>
要取消设置用户代理，请输入：```
()()(AWS) >>> unset user-agent
[*] User Agent set to empty.
这将具有系统的用户代理。