TEE 기초 및 일반

• TEE(Trusted Execution Environment) 소개: ARM의 TrustZone

  • https://blog.quarkslab.com/introduction-to-trusted-execution-environment-arms-trustzone.html

• TEE 소개 (원제: TEEを中心とするCPUセキュリティ機能の動向 )

  • https://seminar-materials.iijlab.net/iijlab-seminar/iijlab-seminar-20181120.pdf

• ARM TrustZone 공격

  • https://blog.quarkslab.com/attacking-the-arms-trustzone.html

• ARM TrustZone 보안 백서

  • http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.prd29-genc-009492c/PRD29-GENC-009492C_trustzone_security_whitepaper.pdf

• ARM TrustZone 웹사이트

  • https://developer.arm.com/ip-products/security-ip/trustzone

• TrustZone 해설: 아키텍처 기능 및 사용 사례

  • http://sefcom.asu.edu/publications/trustzone-explained-cic2016.pdf

• 모바일 기기에서의 신뢰할 수 있는 실행

  • https://netsec.ethz.ch/publications/papers/paper-hyperphone-TRUST-2012.pdf

• ARM TrustZone의 비밀 해부: 종합 조사

  • https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nuno_Santos9/publication/330696364_Demystifying_Arm_TrustZone_A_Comprehensive_Survey/links/5c6ff1a792851c6950379cdd/Demystifying-Arm-TrustZone-A-Comprehensive-Survey.pdf

• TEE 및 Arm TrustZone 이해 (Azeria 작성)

  • https://azeria-labs.com/trusted-execution-environments-tee-and-trustzone/

• SoK: TrustZone 기반 TEE 시스템의 주요 보안 취약점 이해

  • https://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/pfonseca/papers/sp2020-tees.pdf

• 모바일 보안에 부팅 제공 (Jonathan Levin 작성)

  • https://papers.put.as/papers/ios/2016/TrustZone.pdf

• ARM의 TrustZone 군비 경쟁 (Jonathan Levin 작성)

  • http://technologeeks.com/files/TZ.pdf

TEE 익스플로잇/보안 분석

하이실리콘/화웨이 (TrustedCore)

• Android에서 TrustZone 익스플로잇 (BH-US 2015) - Di Shen(@returnsme)

  • https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Shen-Attacking-Your-Trusted-Core-Exploiting-Trustzone-On-Android-wp.pdf

• EL3 투어: Android 휴대폰의 최고 권한 획득 (Infiltrate19)

  • https://speakerdeck.com/hhj4ck/el3-tour-get-the-ultimate-privilege-of-android-phone
  • 논문: infiltrate.pdf
  • 동영상: https://vimeo.com/335948808

• Nailgun: ARM 기기에서 권한 격리 깨기 (PoC #2 전용)

  • https://github.com/ningzhenyu/nailgun

• Nick Stephens: 코로 휴대폰 잠금을 해제하는 방법. (NWd <> SWd 통신 및 익스플로잇의 큰 그림 제공) GeekPwn 2016

  • https://fr.slideshare.net/GeekPwnKeen/nick-stephenshow-does-someone-unlock-your-phone-with-nose

퀄컴 (QSEE)

• TrustZone 신뢰에 대한 고찰 (2014)

  • https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-14/materials/us-14-Rosenberg-Reflections-on-Trusting-TrustZone.pdf

• 모든 컨텍스트에서 TrustZone 커널의 임의 코드 실행 달성 (2015/03/28)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2015/03/getting-arbitrary-code-execution-in.html

• 퀄컴 TrustZone 구현 탐구 (2015/08/04)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2015/08/exploring-qualcomms-trustzone.html

• MSM8974용 전체 TrustZone 익스플로잇 (2015/08/10)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2015/08/full-trustzone-exploit-for-msm8974.html

• TrustZone 커널 권한 상승 (CVE-2016-2431)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/06/trustzone-kernel-privilege-escalation.html

• War of the Worlds - QSEE에서 Linux 커널 하이재킹

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/05/war-of-worlds-hijacking-linux-kernel.html

• QSEE 권한 상승 취약점 및 익스플로잇 (CVE-2015-6639)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/05/qsee-privilege-escalation-vulnerability.html

• 퀄컴 보안 실행 환경 탐구 (2016/04/26)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/04/exploring-qualcomms-secure-execution.html

• 제로 권한에서 mediaserver로의 Android 권한 상승 (CVE-2014-7920 + CVE-2014-7921)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/01/android-privilege-escalation-to.html

• 신뢰 문제: TrustZone TEE 익스플로잇 (2017년 7월 24일)

  • https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2017/07/trust-issues-exploiting-trustzone-tees.html

• Breaking Bad. Android(4-9.x)의 퀄컴 ARM64 TZ 및 하드웨어 지원 시큐어 부트 검토

  • https://github.com/bkerler/slides_and_papers/blob/master/QualcommCrypto.pdf

• 기술 자문: 퀄컴 하드웨어 기반 키스토어에서 개인 키 추출 CVE-2018-11976 (NCC)

  • https://www.nccgroup.trust/us/our-research/private-key-extraction-qualcomm-keystore/

• 퀄컴 TrustZone 정수 부호 버그 (2014/12)

  • https://fredericb.info/2014/12/qpsiir-80-qualcomm-trustzone-integer.html

• 퀄컴 TrustZone 앱 퍼징으로 가는 길 (RECON Montreal 2019)

  • https://cfp.recon.cx/media/tz_apps_fuzz.pdf

• TrustZone 다운그레이드 공격

  • http://ww2.cs.fsu.edu/~ychen/paper/downgradeTZ.pdf

모토로라 (퀄컴 SoC)

• 모토로라 부트로더 잠금 해제 (2016/02/10)
  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/02/unlocking-motorola-bootloader.html

HTC (퀄컴 SoC)

• 여기 용이 있다: TrustZone의 취약점 (2014/08/14)
  • https://atredispartners.blogspot.com/2014/08/here-be-dragons-vulnerabilities-in.html

Trustonic (Kinibi 및 MobiCore)

• 휴대폰 언박싱: 파트 I, II 및 III

  • https://medium.com/taszksec/unbox-your-phone-part-i-331bbf44c30c
  • https://medium.com/taszksec/unbox-your-phone-part-ii-ae66e779b1d6
  • https://medium.com/taszksec/unbox-your-phone-part-iii-7436ffaff7c7
  • https://github.com/puppykitten/tbase
  • https://github.com/puppykitten/tbase/blob/master/unboxyourphone_ekoparty.pdf

• KINIBI TEE: Trusted Application 익스플로잇 (2018-12-10)

  • https://www.synacktiv.com/posts/exploit/kinibi-tee-trusted-application-exploitation.html

• 삼성 Exynos 기기에서의 TEE 익스플로잇 - Eloi Sanfelix: 파트 I, II, III, IV

  • https://labs.bluefrostsecurity.de/blog/2019/05/27/tee-exploitation-on-samsung-exynos-devices-introduction/
  • https://labs.bluefrostsecurity.de/files/TEE.pdf
  • 동영상: (Infiltrate 2019) https://vimeo.com/335947683

• 삼성 ARM TrustZone 깨기 (BlackHat USA 2019)

  • 슬라이드: https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Thursday/us-19-Peterlin-Breaking-Samsungs-ARM-TrustZone.pdf
  • 동영상: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXH5LJGRwXI&list=PLH15HpR5qRsWrfkjwFSI256x1u2Zy49VI&index=30

• TrustZone TEE에서 피드백 기반 퍼징 시작 (HITBGSEC2019)

  • https://gsec.hitb.org/materials/sg2019/D2%20-%20Launching%20Feedback-Driven%20Fuzzing%20on%20TrustZone%20TEE%20-%20Andrey%20Akimov.pdf

• 삼성 TrustZone 심층 분석

  • (파트 1 - 소개) https://blog.quarkslab.com/a-deep-dive-into-samsungs-trustzone-part-1.html
  • (파트 2 - TA 퍼징) https://blog.quarkslab.com/a-deep-dive-into-samsungs-trustzone-part-2.html
  • (파트 3 - EL3 익스플로잇) https://blog.quarkslab.com/a-deep-dive-into-samsungs-trustzone-part-3.html

삼성 (TEEGRIS)

• TEE 보안 깨기:

  • (파트 1 - 소개) https://www.riscure.com/blog/tee-security-samsung-teegris-part-1
  • (파트 2 - TA 익스플로잇) https://www.riscure.com/blog/tee-security-samsung-teegris-part-2
  • (파트 3 - TA 권한 상승 > TOS) https://www.riscure.com/blog/tee-security-samsung-teegris-part-3

• 삼성 Exynos 9820 부트로더 및 TZ 리버스 엔지니어링 - @astarasikov

  • http://allsoftwaresucks.blogspot.com/2019/05/reverse-engineering-samsung-exynos-9820.html

• S21의 10ADAB1E 펌웨어 버그 헌팅 (OffensiveCon 2022)

  • https://www.dropbox.com/s/2f14ga52jguu5cy/OffensiveCon%202022%20-%20Bug%20Hunting%20S21s%2010ADAB1E%20FW.pdf?dl=0

• 오래된 삼성 Exynos Trustlet 버그에서 배우기 - @TwizzyIndy

  • https://twizzyindy.github.io/android/exynos/2026/01/06/learning-exynos-trustlet-en.html

애플 (Secure Enclave)

• Secure Enclave 프로세서의 비밀 해부 - Tarjei Mandt, Mathew Solnik, David Wang
  • http://mista.nu/research/sep-paper.pdf
  • 슬라이드 https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Mandt-Demystifying-The-Secure-Enclave-Processor.pdf

인텔 (Intel SGX)

• Intel SGX 해설 - Victor Costan, Srinivas Devadas
  • https://css.csail.mit.edu/6.858/2017/readings/costan-sgx.pdf

TEE 퍼징

• PARTEMU: 에뮬레이션을 통한 실제 TrustZone 소프트웨어의 동적 분석 지원

  • https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~rohanpadhye/files/partemu-usenixsec20.pdf

• 퀄컴 TrustZone 앱 퍼징으로 가는 길

  • https://research.checkpoint.com/the-road-to-qualcomm-trustzone-apps-fuzzing/
  • https://cfp.recon.cx/media/tz_apps_fuzz.pdf

• TrustZone TEE에서 피드백 기반 퍼징 시작 (HITB GSEC 2019 싱가포르)

  • 슬라이드: https://gsec.hitb.org/materials/sg2019/D2%20-%20Launching%20Feedback-Driven%20Fuzzing%20on%20TrustZone%20TEE%20-%20Andrey%20Akimov.pdf
  • 동영상: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yb7KGznzczs

• AFL을 사용한 임베디드(신뢰) 운영체제 퍼징 (Martijn Bogaard | nullcon Goa 2019) OP-TEE

  • 슬라이드: https://nullcon.net/website/archives/pdf/bangalore-2019/fuzzing-embedded-(trusted)-operating-systems%20using-AFL.pdf
  • 동영상: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZhxZlwZ160
  • 웨비나: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=12&v=ROyD9RTMePA