
Túneles SSH hacia servidor remoto.
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Autor: Pahaz_
Repositorio: https://github.com/pahaz/sshtunnel/
Inspirado en https://github.com/jmagnusson/bgtunnel, que no funciona en Windows.
Véase también: https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko/blob/master/demos/forward.py
paramiko_sshtunnel_ está en PyPI, así que simplemente ejecute:
::
pip install sshtunnel
o ::
easy_install sshtunnel
o ::
conda install -c conda-forge sshtunnel
para tenerlo instalado en su entorno.
Para instalar desde el código fuente, clone el
repositorio <https://github.com/pahaz/sshtunnel>_ y ejecute::
python setup.py install
Para ejecutar las pruebas primero necesita
tox <https://testrun.org/tox/latest/>_ y ejecute::
python setup.py test
Uno de los escenarios típicos donde sshtunnel es útil se muestra en la
figura siguiente. El usuario puede necesitar conectar un puerto de un servidor remoto (p. ej. 8080)
donde solo el puerto SSH (generalmente el puerto 22) es accesible. ::
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
-------------+ | +----------+
LOCAL | | | REMOTE | :22 SSH
CLIENT | <== SSH ========> | SERVER | :8080 web service
-------------+ | +----------+
|
FIREWALL (only port 22 is open)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Fig1: Cómo conectarse a un servicio bloqueado por un cortafuegos a través de un túnel SSH.
Si el servidor SSH lo permite, también es posible alcanzar un servidor privado
(desde la perspectiva del SERVIDOR REMOTO) no visible directamente desde el
exterior (perspectiva del CLIENTE LOCAL). ::
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
-------------+ | +----------+ +---------
LOCAL | | | REMOTE | | PRIVATE
CLIENT | <== SSH ========> | SERVER | <== local ==> | SERVER
-------------+ | +----------+ +---------
|
FIREWALL (only port 443 is open)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Fig2: Cómo conectarse al SERVIDOR PRIVADO a través de un túnel SSH.
La API permite inicializar el túnel e iniciarlo, o usar un contexto with,
que se encargará de iniciar y detener el túnel:
Código correspondiente a la Fig1 anterior, asumiendo que la dirección del servidor remoto es
pahaz.urfuclub.ru, autenticación por contraseña y puerto de enlace local asignado aleatoriamente.
.. code-block:: python
from sshtunnel import SSHTunnelForwarder
server = SSHTunnelForwarder(
'alfa.8iq.dev',
ssh_username="pahaz",
ssh_password="secret",
remote_bind_address=('127.0.0.1', 8080)
)
server.start()
print(server.local_bind_port) # show assigned local port
# work with `SECRET SERVICE` through `server.local_bind_port`.
server.stop()
Ejemplo de reenvío de puerto a un servidor privado no directamente accesible, asumiendo autenticación con clave protegida por contraseña, el servicio SSH del servidor remoto escucha en el puerto 443 y ese puerto está abierto en el cortafuegos (Fig2):
.. code-block:: python
import paramiko
import sshtunnel
with sshtunnel.open_tunnel(
(REMOTE_SERVER_IP, 443),
ssh_username="",
ssh_pkey="/var/ssh/rsa_key",
ssh_private_key_password="secret",
remote_bind_address=(PRIVATE_SERVER_IP, 22),
local_bind_address=('0.0.0.0', 10022)
) as tunnel:
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.load_system_host_keys()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect('127.0.0.1', 10022)
# do some operations with client session
client.close()
print('FINISH!')
Ejemplo de reenvío de puerto para el puerto local MySQL de Vagrant:
.. code-block:: python
from sshtunnel import open_tunnel
from time import sleep
with open_tunnel(
('localhost', 2222),
ssh_username="vagrant",
ssh_password="vagrant",
remote_bind_address=('127.0.0.1', 3306)
) as server:
print(server.local_bind_port)
while True:
# press Ctrl-C for stopping
sleep(1)
print('FINISH!')
O simplemente usando la CLI:
.. code-block:: console
(bash)$ python -m sshtunnel -U vagrant -P vagrant -L :3306 -R 127.0.0.1:3306 -p 2222 localhost
Abrir una sesión SSH saltando a través de dos túneles. El transporte SSH y los túneles se convertirán en demonios, que no esperarán a que las conexiones se detengan al cerrar.
.. code-block:: python
import sshtunnel
from paramiko import SSHClient
with sshtunnel.open_tunnel(
ssh_address_or_host=('GW1_ip', 20022),
remote_bind_address=('GW2_ip', 22),
) as tunnel1:
print('Connection to tunnel1 (GW1_ip:GW1_port) OK...')
with sshtunnel.open_tunnel(
ssh_address_or_host=('localhost', tunnel1.local_bind_port),
remote_bind_address=('target_ip', 22),
ssh_username='GW2_user',
ssh_password='GW2_pwd',
) as tunnel2:
print('Connection to tunnel2 (GW2_ip:GW2_port) OK...')
with SSHClient() as ssh:
ssh.connect('localhost',
port=tunnel2.local_bind_port,
username='target_user',
password='target_pwd',
)
ssh.exec_command(...)
::
$ sshtunnel --help
usage: sshtunnel [-h] [-U SSH_USERNAME] [-p SSH_PORT] [-P SSH_PASSWORD] -R
IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...] [-L [IP:PORT ...]] [-k SSH_HOST_KEY]
[-K KEY_FILE] [-S KEY_PASSWORD] [-t] [-v] [-V] [-x IP:PORT]
[-c SSH_CONFIG_FILE] [-z] [-n] [-d [FOLDER ...]]
ssh_address
Pure python ssh tunnel utils
Version 0.4.0
positional arguments:
ssh_address SSH server IP address (GW for SSH tunnels)
set with "-- ssh_address" if immediately after -R or -L
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-U SSH_USERNAME, --username SSH_USERNAME
SSH server account username
-p SSH_PORT, --server_port SSH_PORT
SSH server TCP port (default: 22)
-P SSH_PASSWORD, --password SSH_PASSWORD
SSH server account password
-R IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...], --remote_bind_address IP:PORT [IP:PORT ...]
Remote bind address sequence: ip_1:port_1 ip_2:port_2 ... ip_n:port_n
Equivalent to ssh -Lxxxx:IP_ADDRESS:PORT
If port is omitted, defaults to 22.
Example: -R 10.10.10.10: 10.10.10.10:5900
-L [IP:PORT ...], --local_bind_address [IP:PORT ...]
Local bind address sequence: ip_1:port_1 ip_2:port_2 ... ip_n:port_n
Elements may also be valid UNIX socket domains:
/tmp/foo.sock /tmp/bar.sock ... /tmp/baz.sock
Equivalent to ssh -LPORT:xxxxxxxxx:xxxx, being the local IP address optional.
By default it will listen in all interfaces (0.0.0.0) and choose a random port.
Example: -L :40000
-k SSH_HOST_KEY, --ssh_host_key SSH_HOST_KEY
Gateway's host key
-K KEY_FILE, --private_key_file KEY_FILE
RSA/DSS/ECDSA private key file
-S KEY_PASSWORD, --private_key_password KEY_PASSWORD
RSA/DSS/ECDSA private key password
-t, --threaded Allow concurrent connections to each tunnel
-v, --verbose Increase output verbosity (default: ERROR)
-V, --version Show version number and quit
-x IP:PORT, --proxy IP:PORT
IP and port of SSH proxy to destination
-c SSH_CONFIG_FILE, --config SSH_CONFIG_FILE
SSH configuration file, defaults to ~/.ssh/config
-z, --compress Request server for compression over SSH transport
-n, --noagent Disable looking for keys from an SSH agent
-d [FOLDER ...], --host_pkey_directories [FOLDER ...]
List of directories where SSH pkeys (in the format `id_*`) may be found
.. _Pahaz: https://github.com/pahaz
.. _sshtunnel: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/sshtunnel
.. paramiko: http://www.paramiko.org/
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