quasarbinary/cve-2024-43630-pocNtCopyFileChunk stack buffer overflow POC
This repository contains a POC that triggers a stack OOB write when executed, causing the system to crash. This vulnerability is an extremely interesting and rare relic that demonstrates the complexities and peculiarities of kernel programming, especially object management. Furthermore, the vulnerability affects the kernel of Windows 11 24h2, Windows 10 22h2/21h2, but not Windows 11 22h2/23h2, which only adds to the interest.
Patched on November 12, 2024
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability(more technically, OOB write) exists in the Windows kernel syscall function NtCopyFileChunk.
NtCopyFileChunk allows two operations to be performed in a single syscall: reading the source file and writing to the destination file.
NT_COPYFILE_DATA_BUFFER is a structure that contains everything necessary for copying. Please note that this structure was obtained through reverse engineering, and its name was invented. Therefore, be aware of this.
struct NT_COPYFILE_DATA_BUFFER // sizeof=0x48
{
DWORD64 UnknownQword1;
DWORD64 UnknownQword2;
DWORD64 UnknownQword3;
DWORD64 UnknownQword4;
PIRP WriteIrp;
PDEVICE_OBJECT HighestDeviceObject;
PFILE_OBJECT DestFileObject;
PFILE_OBJECT SourceFileObject;
DWORD64 SourceOffsetQuadPart;
};
The function looks something like this in pseudocode:
// Pseudocode for the function nt!NtCopyFileChunk in win11 24h2
__int64 __fastcall NtCopyFileChunk(
void* SourceHandle,
void* DestHandle,
void* UserInputHandleEvent,
struct _IO_STATUS_BLOCK* IoStatusBlock,
ULONG Length,
__int64 SourceOffset,
struct _KTHREAD** DestOffset,
ULONG* SourceKey,
_DWORD* DestKey,
int Flags)
{
[...]
NTSTATUS Status;
char is_alertable_io;
DWORD64 SourceOffsetStack;
struct _KTHREAD* DestOffsetValue;
_OBJECT_HANDLE_INFORMATION* HandleInformation;
NT_COPYFILE_DATA_BUFFER* DataBuffer_3;
PVOID UserInputEventObject;
_FILE_OBJECT* pSourceFileObject;
PIRP WriteIrp;
struct _KEVENT StackEvent; // [1]
[...]
memset(&StackEvent, 0, sizeof(StackEvent));
DataBuffer = (NT_COPYFILE_DATA_BUFFER*)ExAllocatePool2(0x43u, Length + sizeof(NT_COPYFILE_DATA_BUFFER), 'pCoI');
ArbDataBuffer = DataBuffer + sizeof(NT_COPYFILE_DATA_BUFFER); //point after NT_COPYFILE_DATA_BUFFER
// Reference source file by handle
ret = IopReferenceFileObject(SourceHandle, 1u, PreviousMode, (PVOID*)&DataBuffer_2->SourceFileObject, 0);
if (ret < 0)
goto RET;
// Reference destination file by handle
ret = ObReferenceFileObjectForWrite(
(ULONG_PTR)DestHandle,
PreviousMode,
(_FILE_OBJECT*)&DataBuffer->DestFileObject,
(_OBJECT_HANDLE_INFORMATION*)&HandleInformation);
[...]
//Fill ArbDataBuffer with data that we will write to the dest file
ret = IopPopulateCopyWriteWorkerData(
(__int64)DestFileObj,
(__int64)IoStatusBlock,
(__int64)ArbDataBuffer,
Length,
v28,
(__int64)pSourceFileObject,
UserInputHandleEvent_1,
DestOffset,
DestKey,
SHIDWORD(HandleInformation),
(__int64)&DataBuffer_2->WriteIrp);
[...]
if (DestFileObj->Flags & FO_SYNCHRONOUS_IO)
{
// [2]
KeInitializeEvent(&StackEvent, SynchronizationEvent, 0);
// [3]
DataBuffer_3->WriteIrp->UserEvent = &StackEvent; //WriteIrp contains pointer to stack event!
DataBuffer->WriteIrp->Flags |= IRP_MJ_WRITE;
}
else
{
//for asynchronous mode, we don't need that
[...]
}
UserInputEventObject = 0;
// [4]
ret = ObReferenceObjectByHandle(
UserInputHandleEvent,
2u,
(POBJECT_TYPE)ExEventObjectType,
PreviousMode,
&UserInputEventObject,
0);
if (ret >= 0)
{
//If the user has submitted the correct event, we proceed to the main logic for copying one file to another.
//I have omitted that section of code for simplicity.
KeResetEvent((PRKEVENT)UserInputEventObject);
goto NEXT_PATH_TO_READ_FILE_QUERY;
}
RET:
//Here it is! Free the DataBuffer structure (remember WriteIrp, which contains a pointer to the stack event).
// [5]
if (ArbDataBuffer)
IopFreeCopyObjectsFromDataBuffer((__int64)ArbDataBuffer, 1);
if (UserInputEventObject_1)
ObfDereferenceObject(UserInputEventObject_1);
return (unsigned int)ret;
}
In [1], we can see StackEvent, which is our problem object. In [2], if the destination file was opened in synchronous mode, the kernel uses a stack event to wait synchronously for the write operation to the destination file. To do this, it uses IopWaitForSynchronousIoEvent (not shown in the pseudocode) on stack event rather than the event passed by the user. First, the kernel waits for the stack event, and only then updates the event passed by the user. Similarly, in [3], you can see that UserEvent of WriteIrp points to the stack event. However, what if we form the correct request but pass an incorrect input event? In [4], we can see how it references the input event, where we can pass an invalid handle (for example, the value 1). And then memory is cleared in [5]. This is where the most interesting thing happens.
Let's analyze the IopFreeCopyObjectsFromDataBuffer function and see what happens when irp is cleared. Let's take a closer look at WriteIrp->UserEvent.
void __fastcall IopFreeCopyObjectsFromDataBuffer(__int64 ArbDataBuffer, char to_clear_irp)
{
NT_COPYFILE_DATA_BUFFER *DataBuffer;
PFILE_OBJECT SourceFileObject;
PIRP WriteIrp;
PFILE_OBJECT DestFileObject;
DataBuffer = (NT_COPYFILE_DATA_BUFFER *)(ArbDataBuffer - 0x48);
if ( to_clear_irp )
{
WriteIrp = DataBuffer->WriteIrp;
DestFileObject = DataBuffer->DestFileObject;
if ( WriteIrp )
{
IopFreeIrpExtension((__int64)DataBuffer->WriteIrp, 9, 1);
//We are moving deeper, closely monitoring UserEvent
IopExceptionCleanupEx((ULONG_PTR)DestFileObject, WriteIrp, WriteIrp->UserEvent, 0, 0);
return;
}
if ( DestFileObject )
ObfDereferenceObjectWithTag(DataBuffer->DestFileObject, 0x746C6644u);
}
SourceFileObject = DataBuffer->SourceFileObject;
if ( SourceFileObject )
ObfDereferenceObjectWithTag(SourceFileObject, 0x746C6644u);
ExFreePoolWithTag(DataBuffer, 0);
}
LONG_PTR __fastcall IopExceptionCleanupEx(ULONG_PTR DestFileObject, PIRP Irp, PVOID UserEvent, PVOID P, char a5)
{
[...]
if ( Irp )
{
MasterIrp = Irp->AssociatedIrp.MasterIrp;
if ( MasterIrp )
ExFreePoolWithTag(MasterIrp, 0);
[...]
IoFreeIrp(Irp);
}
//Oh, that's it! But how can you decrement the reference counter for a stack object that doesn't have an OBJECT_HEADER?
//Vuln!
if ( UserEvent )
ObfDereferenceObject(UserEvent);
if ( P )
ExFreePoolWithTag(P, 0);
[...]
}