Xiaomi HyperOS AVCodec Medya Framework'ündeki Use-After-Free (CVE-2025-21082) Zafiyetinin Derinlemesine Analizi, Rust Simülasyonu ve İnteraktif Web Paneli.
University Final Project — Cybersecurity Research Project
This repository contains an in-depth technical analysis of CVE-2025-21082, a critical Use-After-Free (UAF) vulnerability discovered in the Xiaomi HyperOS AVCodec media processing framework, along with a simulation of the attack mechanism and mitigation recommendations.
The root cause of the vulnerability is that the codec context is freed in the AVCodec's asynchronous callback mechanism while worker threads are still running. This leads to a classic Use-After-Free race condition and theoretically provides the possibility of Remote Code Execution (RCE).
The project includes a safe UAF simulation written in Rust, comprehensive technical documentation, GitHub Actions CI pipeline automation, and a browser-based interactive visualization.
HyperOS-Directory-Traversal-Analysis/
│
├── 📁 .github/ # GitHub community and CI/CD workflows
│ ├── 📁 ISSUE_TEMPLATE/ # Bug and feature request templates
│ │ ├── 📄 config.yml # Issue template configuration and links
│ │ ├── 📄 hata-raporu.yml # Bug report form (YAML Forms)
│ │ └── 📄 ozellik-istegi.yml # Feature request form (YAML Forms)
│ ├── 📁 workflows/
│ │ ├── 📄 rust.yml # Rust CI — Build, test and lint pipeline
│ │ ├── 📄 pages.yml # GitHub Pages automatic publishing
│ │ ├── 📄 security.yml # Security scan (cargo-audit, CodeQL)
│ │ └── 📄 docs.yml # Documentation lint and link check
│ ├── 📄 dependabot.yml # Automatic dependency updates
│ ├── 📄 FUNDING.yml # GitHub Sponsors configuration
│ ├── 📄 mlc_config.json # Markdown link checker settings
│ ├── 📄 PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
│ └── 📄 SECURITY.md # Security policy
│
├── 📁 assets/ # Logo and image files
│ └── 🖼️ isu-logo.png # İstinye University logo
│
│
├── 📁 docs/ # Technical documentation
│ ├── 📄 zafiyet-analizi.md # Vulnerability analysis and CVSS scoring
│ ├── 📄 mimari-analiz.md # HyperOS AVCodec architecture diagram
│ ├── 📄 cozum-onerileri.md # Mitigation recommendations and C++ patches
│ └── 📄 README.md # Documentation guide index
│
├── 📁 research_results/ # Assignment research results
│ ├── 📄 Cevaplarım.md # Answers to 10 advanced questions
│ ├── 📄 SORULAR.md # Assignment questions
│ ├── 📄 yorum.md # Personal analysis and commentary
│ ├── 📄 simple.md # Simple explanations (50 steps)
│ ├── 🌐 infographic.html # Visual vulnerability guide
│ └── 📄 README.md # Research results index
│
├── 📁 poc_python/ # Python analysis tools (Reference)
│ ├── 📄 exploit.py # CVE-2025-2844 Directory Traversal PoC
│ └── 📄 requirements.txt
│
├── 📁 poc_rust/ # Rust UAF simulation (Main PoC)
│ ├── 📁 src/
│ │ └── 📄 main.rs # Unsafe Rust UAF simulation logic
│ └── 📄 Cargo.toml
│
├── 🌐 simulation.html # Interactive web simulation panel (5 scenes)
├── 📄 README.md # This file
├── 📄 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md # Community code of conduct
├── 📄 CONTRIBUTING.md # Contribution guide
├── 📄 TODO.md # Task tracking list
└── ⚖️ LICENSE # MIT License
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| CVE Number | CVE-2025-21082 |
| Vulnerability Type | Use-After-Free (CWE-416) |
| Affected Component | Xiaomi HyperOS AVCodec Framework |
| CVSS v3.1 Score | 8.1 (High) |
| Attack Vector | Network |
| Impact | Remote Code Execution (RCE) potential |
| Discovery Date | 10 February 2025 |
| Patch Date | 20 February 2025 |
[Main Thread] processFrameAsync() → Worker thread started
↓
release() called → Memory FREED ⚠️
↓
[Worker Thread] Continues to access freed memory → UAF 💥
You can watch the screen recording below showing the compilation, execution, and Use-After-Free simulation output of the project:
# Clone the project
git clone https://github.com/kkaanozturk/HyperOS-Directory-Traversal-Analysis.git
cd HyperOS-Directory-Traversal-Analysis/poc_rust
# Compile in release mode
cargo build --release
# Windows
.\target\release\cve_2025_21082_uaf_poc.exe --mode vulnerable --verbose
# Linux / macOS
./target/release/cve_2025_21082_uaf_poc --mode vulnerable --verbose
Expected Output:
🔬 CVE-2025-21082: HyperOS AVCodec UAF PoC
Mode: vulnerable
⚠️ Running vulnerable scenario...
CodecContext allocated in Arc<Mutex<T>>
🧵 Starting worker thread...
🗑️ Main thread releasing codec context (UAF trigger)...
Memory corrupted to simulate UAF
🔄 Worker thread accessing codec context...
🚨 UAF detected! Magic number corrupted: 0xFEEDFACE
💥 UAF vulnerability triggered on frame 0!
🚨 Vulnerable scenario completed - UAF demonstrated!
⚠️ In a real exploit, this could lead to RCE
# Windows
.\target\release\cve_2025_21082_uaf_poc.exe --mode patched --verbose
# Linux / macOS
./target/release/cve_2025_21082_uaf_poc --mode patched --verbose
Expected Output:
🔬 CVE-2025-21082: HyperOS AVCodec UAF PoC
Mode: patched
✅ Running patched scenario...
CodecContext allocated safely in Arc<Mutex<T>>
🧵 Starting worker thread...
⏳ Waiting for worker thread to complete (patch applied)...
🔄 Worker thread processing frames safely...
✅ Frame 0 processed successfully
✅ Frame 1 processed successfully
✅ Frame 2 processed successfully
✅ Frame 3 processed successfully
✅ Frame 4 processed successfully
✅ Worker thread completed safely
🗑️ Safely releasing codec context...
✅ Patched scenario completed - No UAF occurred!
🛡️ Proper synchronization prevents the vulnerability
If you don't want to bother setting up a local server, you can directly click the GitHub Pages Live Preview link to experience the simulation in your browser.
If you want to run it locally:
# In the project root directory
py -m http.server 8000
# Open in your browser: http://localhost:8000/simulation.html
The simulation includes 5 scenes:
Note: This folder is preserved as a technical history and hybrid research reference from the original CVE-2025-2844 (Directory Traversal) version of the project. For the analysis of the current main work CVE-2025-21082 (UAF), use the Rust PoC above.
cd poc_python
py -m pip install -r requirements.txt
py exploit.py -u http://hedef:5000 -f etc/shadow
| Document | Content |
|---|---|
| 📊 Vulnerability Analysis | CVE-2025-21082 technical analysis, CVSS scoring, attack scenarios, HyperOS vs AOSP comparison |
| 🏗️ Architecture Diagram | AVCodec async pipeline, component diagrams, race condition flow diagram |
| 🛡️ Mitigation Recommendations | Vulnerable/patched C++ code examples, RAII pattern, MTE, CFI, ASan integration |
| 📋 Research Results | Assignment questions, answers to 10 advanced questions, personal analysis and visual guide |
class AVCodecContext {
void processFrameAsync() {
worker_thread_ = std::thread([this]() {
buffer_->processFrame(); // Worker thread is running
});
// ❌ No join() — race condition!
}
void release() {
delete buffer_; // ❌ Memory freed while worker is still running
buffer_ = nullptr;
}
};
class AVCodecContext {
void release() {
shutdown_requested_ = true;
worker_cv_.notify_all();
if (worker_thread_.joinable()) {
worker_thread_.join(); // ✅ Wait until thread completes
}
delete buffer_; // ✅ Safe cleanup
}
};
unsafe fn process_frame(&mut self) -> bool {
// If magic number is corrupted, UAF has occurred
if self.magic != 0xDEADBEEF {
println!("🚨 UAF detected! Magic: 0x{:08X}", self.magic);
return false;
}
self.frame_counter += 1;
true
}
| Method | Description | Effectiveness |
|---|---|---|
| Thread Synchronization | Wait until thread completes with join() | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| Reference Counting | Automatic lifetime management with shared_ptr | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| RAII Pattern | Automatic resource cleanup with destructor | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| AddressSanitizer | Compile-time UAF detection | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| MTE (ARM64) | Hardware-level memory tagging | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| CFI | Control flow integrity protection | ⭐⭐⭐ |
This project is developed solely for educational and academic research purposes.
The Rust simulation is designed to demonstrate the mechanism of the vulnerability and is not a real exploit. Use of the information and tools herein on unauthorized systems may result in legal liability. The developer accepts no responsibility.
This project is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for details.
Prepared for educational purposes
| 👤 Full Name | Mevlit Kaan Öztürk |
| 🔢 Student Number | 2520191003 |
| 🏛️ Department | Information Security Technology |
| 🎓 Institution | İstinye University |
| 📚 Course / Scope | BGT006 — Penetration Test Final Project |