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HyperOS-Directory-Traversal-Analysis — Xiaomi HyperOS AVCodec Medya Framework'ündeki Use-After-Free (CVE-2025-21082) Zafiyetinin Derinlemesine Analizi, Rust Simülasyonu ve İnteraktif Web Paneli. | Kitploit
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HyperOS-Directory-Traversal-Analysis

Xiaomi HyperOS AVCodec Medya Framework'ündeki Use-After-Free (CVE-2025-21082) Zafiyetinin Derinlemesine Analizi, Rust Simülasyonu ve İnteraktif Web Paneli.

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İstinye University

🔬 CVE-2025-21082: HyperOS AVCodec Use-After-Free

Lisans: MIT Python Rust CVE CVSS Rust CI Security Scan

Comprehensive Analysis of the Use-After-Free Vulnerability in Xiaomi HyperOS AVCodec Media Framework and Simulation with Rust

University Final Project — Cybersecurity Research Project


🌐 Experience the Live Simulation in Browser



📖 About the Project

This repository contains an in-depth technical analysis of CVE-2025-21082, a critical Use-After-Free (UAF) vulnerability discovered in the Xiaomi HyperOS AVCodec media processing framework, along with a simulation of the attack mechanism and mitigation recommendations.

The root cause of the vulnerability is that the codec context is freed in the AVCodec's asynchronous callback mechanism while worker threads are still running. This leads to a classic Use-After-Free race condition and theoretically provides the possibility of Remote Code Execution (RCE).

The project includes a safe UAF simulation written in Rust, comprehensive technical documentation, GitHub Actions CI pipeline automation, and a browser-based interactive visualization.


📂 Repository Structure

root@kitploit:~
HyperOS-Directory-Traversal-Analysis/
│
├── 📁 .github/                     # GitHub community and CI/CD workflows
│   ├── 📁 ISSUE_TEMPLATE/          # Bug and feature request templates
│   │   ├── 📄 config.yml           # Issue template configuration and links
│   │   ├── 📄 hata-raporu.yml      # Bug report form (YAML Forms)
│   │   └── 📄 ozellik-istegi.yml   # Feature request form (YAML Forms)
│   ├── 📁 workflows/
│   │   ├── 📄 rust.yml             # Rust CI — Build, test and lint pipeline
│   │   ├── 📄 pages.yml            # GitHub Pages automatic publishing
│   │   ├── 📄 security.yml         # Security scan (cargo-audit, CodeQL)
│   │   └── 📄 docs.yml             # Documentation lint and link check
│   ├── 📄 dependabot.yml           # Automatic dependency updates
│   ├── 📄 FUNDING.yml              # GitHub Sponsors configuration
│   ├── 📄 mlc_config.json          # Markdown link checker settings
│   ├── 📄 PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
│   └── 📄 SECURITY.md              # Security policy
│
├── 📁 assets/                      # Logo and image files
│   └── 🖼️ isu-logo.png             # İstinye University logo
│
│
├── 📁 docs/                        # Technical documentation
│   ├── 📄 zafiyet-analizi.md       # Vulnerability analysis and CVSS scoring
│   ├── 📄 mimari-analiz.md         # HyperOS AVCodec architecture diagram
│   ├── 📄 cozum-onerileri.md       # Mitigation recommendations and C++ patches
│   └── 📄 README.md                # Documentation guide index
│
├── 📁 research_results/            # Assignment research results
│   ├── 📄 Cevaplarım.md            # Answers to 10 advanced questions
│   ├── 📄 SORULAR.md               # Assignment questions
│   ├── 📄 yorum.md                 # Personal analysis and commentary
│   ├── 📄 simple.md                # Simple explanations (50 steps)
│   ├── 🌐 infographic.html         # Visual vulnerability guide
│   └── 📄 README.md                # Research results index
│
├── 📁 poc_python/                  # Python analysis tools (Reference)
│   ├── 📄 exploit.py               # CVE-2025-2844 Directory Traversal PoC
│   └── 📄 requirements.txt
│
├── 📁 poc_rust/                    # Rust UAF simulation (Main PoC)
│   ├── 📁 src/
│   │   └── 📄 main.rs              # Unsafe Rust UAF simulation logic
│   └── 📄 Cargo.toml
│
├── 🌐 simulation.html              # Interactive web simulation panel (5 scenes)
├── 📄 README.md                    # This file
├── 📄 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md           # Community code of conduct
├── 📄 CONTRIBUTING.md              # Contribution guide
├── 📄 TODO.md                      # Task tracking list
└── ⚖️  LICENSE                      # MIT License

🧠 Vulnerability Summary

FeatureDetail
CVE NumberCVE-2025-21082
Vulnerability TypeUse-After-Free (CWE-416)
Affected ComponentXiaomi HyperOS AVCodec Framework
CVSS v3.1 Score8.1 (High)
Attack VectorNetwork
ImpactRemote Code Execution (RCE) potential
Discovery Date10 February 2025
Patch Date20 February 2025

Root Cause of the Vulnerability

root@kitploit:~
[Main Thread]    processFrameAsync() → Worker thread started
                      ↓
                release() called → Memory FREED ⚠️
                      ↓
[Worker Thread] Continues to access freed memory → UAF 💥

🎬 Demo

You can watch the screen recording below showing the compilation, execution, and Use-After-Free simulation output of the project:


🚀 Quick Start

Requirements

  • Rust 1.70 or later → rustup.rs
  • Python 3.8 or later
  • A modern web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Edge)

1. Rust PoC — UAF Simulation

root@kitploit:~
# Clone the project
git clone https://github.com/kkaanozturk/HyperOS-Directory-Traversal-Analysis.git
cd HyperOS-Directory-Traversal-Analysis/poc_rust

# Compile in release mode
cargo build --release

🔴 Vulnerable Scenario (Race Condition & UAF Demonstration)

root@kitploit:~
# Windows
.\target\release\cve_2025_21082_uaf_poc.exe --mode vulnerable --verbose

# Linux / macOS
./target/release/cve_2025_21082_uaf_poc --mode vulnerable --verbose

Expected Output:

root@kitploit:~
🔬 CVE-2025-21082: HyperOS AVCodec UAF PoC
Mode: vulnerable

⚠️  Running vulnerable scenario...
CodecContext allocated in Arc<Mutex<T>>
🧵 Starting worker thread...
🗑️  Main thread releasing codec context (UAF trigger)...
Memory corrupted to simulate UAF
🔄 Worker thread accessing codec context...
🚨 UAF detected! Magic number corrupted: 0xFEEDFACE
💥 UAF vulnerability triggered on frame 0!

🚨 Vulnerable scenario completed - UAF demonstrated!
⚠️  In a real exploit, this could lead to RCE

🟢 Patched Scenario (Safe Synchronization)

root@kitploit:~
# Windows
.\target\release\cve_2025_21082_uaf_poc.exe --mode patched --verbose

# Linux / macOS
./target/release/cve_2025_21082_uaf_poc --mode patched --verbose

Expected Output:

root@kitploit:~
🔬 CVE-2025-21082: HyperOS AVCodec UAF PoC
Mode: patched

✅ Running patched scenario...
CodecContext allocated safely in Arc<Mutex<T>>
🧵 Starting worker thread...
⏳ Waiting for worker thread to complete (patch applied)...
🔄 Worker thread processing frames safely...
✅ Frame 0 processed successfully
✅ Frame 1 processed successfully
✅ Frame 2 processed successfully
✅ Frame 3 processed successfully
✅ Frame 4 processed successfully
✅ Worker thread completed safely
🗑️  Safely releasing codec context...

✅ Patched scenario completed - No UAF occurred!
🛡️  Proper synchronization prevents the vulnerability

2. Interactive Web Simulation

If you don't want to bother setting up a local server, you can directly click the GitHub Pages Live Preview link to experience the simulation in your browser.

If you want to run it locally:

root@kitploit:~
# In the project root directory
py -m http.server 8000

# Open in your browser: http://localhost:8000/simulation.html

The simulation includes 5 scenes:

  1. 🧪 Lab Environment — AVCodec pipeline introduction
  2. 🏗️ Context Creation — Heap memory layout
  3. ⚡ Race Condition — Timeline and vulnerability window
  4. 💥 UAF Exploitation — Heap reclamation and dangling pointer
  5. 🛡️ Patch Comparison — Vulnerable vs. patched code

3. Python Analysis Tools (Legacy PoC — For Reference)

Note: This folder is preserved as a technical history and hybrid research reference from the original CVE-2025-2844 (Directory Traversal) version of the project. For the analysis of the current main work CVE-2025-21082 (UAF), use the Rust PoC above.

root@kitploit:~
cd poc_python
py -m pip install -r requirements.txt
py exploit.py -u http://hedef:5000 -f etc/shadow

📚 Technical Documentation

DocumentContent
📊 Vulnerability AnalysisCVE-2025-21082 technical analysis, CVSS scoring, attack scenarios, HyperOS vs AOSP comparison
🏗️ Architecture DiagramAVCodec async pipeline, component diagrams, race condition flow diagram
🛡️ Mitigation RecommendationsVulnerable/patched C++ code examples, RAII pattern, MTE, CFI, ASan integration
📋 Research ResultsAssignment questions, answers to 10 advanced questions, personal analysis and visual guide

🔬 Technical Details

Vulnerable Code Pattern (C++)

root@kitploit:~
class AVCodecContext {
    void processFrameAsync() {
        worker_thread_ = std::thread([this]() {
            buffer_->processFrame(); // Worker thread is running
        });
        // ❌ No join() — race condition!
    }

    void release() {
        delete buffer_; // ❌ Memory freed while worker is still running
        buffer_ = nullptr;
    }
};

Patched Code Pattern (C++)

root@kitploit:~
class AVCodecContext {
    void release() {
        shutdown_requested_ = true;
        worker_cv_.notify_all();

        if (worker_thread_.joinable()) {
            worker_thread_.join(); // ✅ Wait until thread completes
        }

        delete buffer_; // ✅ Safe cleanup
    }
};

Rust Simulation — UAF Detection

root@kitploit:~
unsafe fn process_frame(&mut self) -> bool {
    // If magic number is corrupted, UAF has occurred
    if self.magic != 0xDEADBEEF {
        println!("🚨 UAF detected! Magic: 0x{:08X}", self.magic);
        return false;
    }
    self.frame_counter += 1;
    true
}

🛡️ Defense Strategies

MethodDescriptionEffectiveness
Thread SynchronizationWait until thread completes with join()⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Reference CountingAutomatic lifetime management with shared_ptr⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
RAII PatternAutomatic resource cleanup with destructor⭐⭐⭐⭐
AddressSanitizerCompile-time UAF detection⭐⭐⭐⭐
MTE (ARM64)Hardware-level memory tagging⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
CFIControl flow integrity protection⭐⭐⭐

⚠️ Legal Disclaimer

This project is developed solely for educational and academic research purposes.

The Rust simulation is designed to demonstrate the mechanism of the vulnerability and is not a real exploit. Use of the information and tools herein on unauthorized systems may result in legal liability. The developer accepts no responsibility.


📄 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for details.


Prepared for educational purposes


👤 Developer Project Credentials

👤 Full NameMevlit Kaan Öztürk
🔢 Student Number2520191003
🏛️ DepartmentInformation Security Technology
🎓 Institutionİstinye University
📚 Course / ScopeBGT006 — Penetration Test Final Project
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