TEE Basics & General

• Introduction to Trusted Execution Environment: ARM's TrustZone

  • https://blog.quarkslab.com/introduction-to-trusted-execution-environment-arms-trustzone.html

• Introduction to TEE (original title: TEEを中心とするCPUセキュリティ機能の動向 )

  • https://seminar-materials.iijlab.net/iijlab-seminar/iijlab-seminar-20181120.pdf

• Attacking the ARM's TrustZone

  • https://blog.quarkslab.com/attacking-the-arms-trustzone.html

• ARM TrustZone Security Whitepaper

  • http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.prd29-genc-009492c/PRD29-GENC-009492C_trustzone_security_whitepaper.pdf

• Web Site ARM TrustZone

  • https://developer.arm.com/ip-products/security-ip/trustzone

• TrustZone Explained: Architectural Features and Use Cases

  • http://sefcom.asu.edu/publications/trustzone-explained-cic2016.pdf

• Trustworthy Execution on Mobile Devices

  • https://netsec.ethz.ch/publications/papers/paper-hyperphone-TRUST-2012.pdf

• Demystifying ARM Trustzone : A Comprehensive Survey

  • https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nuno_Santos9/publication/330696364_Demystifying_Arm_TrustZone_A_Comprehensive_Survey/links/5c6ff1a792851c6950379cdd/Demystifying-Arm-TrustZone-A-Comprehensive-Survey.pdf

• Understanding Trusted Execution Environments and Arm TrustZone (by Azeria)

  • https://azeria-labs.com/trusted-execution-environments-tee-and-trustzone/

• SoK: Understanding the Prevailing Security Vulnerabilities in TrustZone-assisted TEE Systems

  • https://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/pfonseca/papers/sp2020-tees.pdf

• Giving Mobile Security the Boot (by Jonathan Levin)

  • https://papers.put.as/papers/ios/2016/TrustZone.pdf

• The ARMs race to TrustZone (by Jonathan Levin)

  • http://technologeeks.com/files/TZ.pdf

TEE Exploits/Security Analysis

HiSilicon/Huawei (TrustedCore)

• Exploiting Trustzone on Android (BH-US 2015) by Di Shen(@returnsme)

  • https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Shen-Attacking-Your-Trusted-Core-Exploiting-Trustzone-On-Android-wp.pdf

• EL3 Tour : Get the Ultimate Privilege of Android Phone (Infiltrate19)

  • https://speakerdeck.com/hhj4ck/el3-tour-get-the-ultimate-privilege-of-android-phone
  • Paper : infiltrate.pdf
  • video: https://vimeo.com/335948808

• Nailgun: Break the privilege isolation in ARM devices (PoC #2 only)

  • https://github.com/ningzhenyu/nailgun

• Nick Stephens : how does someone unlock your phone with nose. (give big picture of NWd <> SWd communications and exploits) GeekPwn 2016

  • https://fr.slideshare.net/GeekPwnKeen/nick-stephenshow-does-someone-unlock-your-phone-with-nose

Qualcomm (QSEE)

• Reflections on Trusting TrustZone (2014)

  • https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-14/materials/us-14-Rosenberg-Reflections-on-Trusting-TrustZone.pdf

• Getting arbitrary code execution in TrustZone's kernel from any context (28/03/2015)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2015/03/getting-arbitrary-code-execution-in.html

• Exploring Qualcomm's TrustZone implementation (04/08/2015)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2015/08/exploring-qualcomms-trustzone.html

• Full TrustZone exploit for MSM8974 (10/08/2015)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2015/08/full-trustzone-exploit-for-msm8974.html

• TrustZone Kernel Privilege Escalation (CVE-2016-2431)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/06/trustzone-kernel-privilege-escalation.html

• War of the Worlds - Hijacking the Linux Kernel from QSEE

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/05/war-of-worlds-hijacking-linux-kernel.html

• QSEE privilege escalation vulnerability and exploit (CVE-2015-6639)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/05/qsee-privilege-escalation-vulnerability.html

• Exploring Qualcomm's Secure Execution Environment (26/04/2016)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/04/exploring-qualcomms-secure-execution.html

• Android privilege escalation to mediaserver from zero permissions (CVE-2014-7920 + CVE-2014-7921)

  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/01/android-privilege-escalation-to.html

• Trust Issues: Exploiting TrustZone TEEs (24 July 2017)

  • https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2017/07/trust-issues-exploiting-trustzone-tees.html

• Breaking Bad. Reviewing Qualcomm ARM64 TZ and HW-enabled Secure Boot on Android (4-9.x)

  • https://github.com/bkerler/slides_and_papers/blob/master/QualcommCrypto.pdf

• Technical Advisory: Private Key Extraction from Qualcomm Hardware-backed Keystores CVE-2018-11976 (NCC)

  • https://www.nccgroup.trust/us/our-research/private-key-extraction-qualcomm-keystore/

• Qualcomm TrustZone Integer Signedness bug (12/2014)

  • https://fredericb.info/2014/12/qpsiir-80-qualcomm-trustzone-integer.html

• The road to Qualcomm TrustZone apps fuzzing (RECON Montreal 2019)

  • https://cfp.recon.cx/media/tz_apps_fuzz.pdf

• Downgrade Attack on TrustZone

  • http://ww2.cs.fsu.edu/~ychen/paper/downgradeTZ.pdf

Motorola (Qualcomm SoC)

• Unlocking the Motorola Bootloader (10/02/2016)
  • http://bits-please.blogspot.com/2016/02/unlocking-motorola-bootloader.html

HTC (Qualcomm SoC)

• Here Be Dragons: Vulnerabilities in TrustZone (14/08/2014)
  • https://atredispartners.blogspot.com/2014/08/here-be-dragons-vulnerabilities-in.html

Trustonic (Kinibi & MobiCore)

• Unbox Your Phone: Parts I, II & III

  • https://medium.com/taszksec/unbox-your-phone-part-i-331bbf44c30c
  • https://medium.com/taszksec/unbox-your-phone-part-ii-ae66e779b1d6
  • https://medium.com/taszksec/unbox-your-phone-part-iii-7436ffaff7c7
  • https://github.com/puppykitten/tbase
  • https://github.com/puppykitten/tbase/blob/master/unboxyourphone_ekoparty.pdf

• KINIBI TEE: Trusted Application Exploitation (2018-12-10)

  • https://www.synacktiv.com/posts/exploit/kinibi-tee-trusted-application-exploitation.html

• TEE Exploitation on Samsung Exynos devices by Eloi Sanfelix: Parts I, II, III, IV

  • https://labs.bluefrostsecurity.de/blog/2019/05/27/tee-exploitation-on-samsung-exynos-devices-introduction/
  • https://labs.bluefrostsecurity.de/files/TEE.pdf
  • video: (Infiltrate 2019) https://vimeo.com/335947683

• Breaking Samsung's ARM TrustZone (BlackHat USA 2019)

  • slides: https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Thursday/us-19-Peterlin-Breaking-Samsungs-ARM-TrustZone.pdf
  • video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXH5LJGRwXI&list=PLH15HpR5qRsWrfkjwFSI256x1u2Zy49VI&index=30

• Launching feedback-driven fuzzing on TrustZone TEE (HITBGSEC2019)

  • https://gsec.hitb.org/materials/sg2019/D2%20-%20Launching%20Feedback-Driven%20Fuzzing%20on%20TrustZone%20TEE%20-%20Andrey%20Akimov.pdf

• A Deep Dive into Samsung's trustzone

  • (Part 1 - intro) https://blog.quarkslab.com/a-deep-dive-into-samsungs-trustzone-part-1.html
  • (Part 2 - fuzzing TAs) https://blog.quarkslab.com/a-deep-dive-into-samsungs-trustzone-part-2.html
  • (Part 3 - exploiting EL3) https://blog.quarkslab.com/a-deep-dive-into-samsungs-trustzone-part-3.html

Samsung (TEEGRIS)

• Breaking TEE Security :

  • (Part 1 - Intro) https://www.riscure.com/blog/tee-security-samsung-teegris-part-1
  • (Part 2 - Exploiting TAs) https://www.riscure.com/blog/tee-security-samsung-teegris-part-2
  • (Part 3 - EoP TAs > TOS) https://www.riscure.com/blog/tee-security-samsung-teegris-part-3

• Reverse-engineering Samsung Exynos 9820 bootloader and TZ by @astarasikov

  • http://allsoftwaresucks.blogspot.com/2019/05/reverse-engineering-samsung-exynos-9820.html

• Bug Hunting S21’s 10ADAB1E FW (OffensiveCon 2022)

  • https://www.dropbox.com/s/2f14ga52jguu5cy/OffensiveCon%202022%20-%20Bug%20Hunting%20S21s%2010ADAB1E%20FW.pdf?dl=0

• Learning from the old Samsung Exynos Trustlet bug by @TwizzyIndy

  • https://twizzyindy.github.io/android/exynos/2026/01/06/learning-exynos-trustlet-en.html

Apple (Secure Enclave)

• Demystifying the Secure Enclave Processor by Tarjei Mandt, Mathew Solnik, and David Wang
  • http://mista.nu/research/sep-paper.pdf
  • slides https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Mandt-Demystifying-The-Secure-Enclave-Processor.pdf

Intel (Intel SGX)