CVE-2026-22686
Sandbox Escape via Host Error Prototype Chain in enclave-vm
- Published
- Jan 13, 2026
- Updated
- Jan 14, 2026
- Assigning CNA
- GitHub_M
- Evidence observed
- Aug 25, 2026
Primary CVSS
nvd · CVSS 3.1
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:HLow · next 30 days
- Percentile
- 50.1%
- Model date
- Sep 21, 2026
EPSS is a statistical estimate, not a certainty or a measure of impact. Combine it with CVSS, KEV status, exposure and your environment.
Summary
Enclave is a secure JavaScript sandbox designed for safe AI agent code execution. Prior to 2.7.0, there is a critical sandbox escape vulnerability in enclave-vm that allows untrusted, sandboxed JavaScript code to execute arbitrary code in the host Node.js runtime. When a tool invocation fails, enclave-vm exposes a host-side Error object to sandboxed code. This Error object retains its host realm prototype chain, which can be traversed to reach the host Function constructor. An attacker can intentionally trigger a host error, then climb the prototype chain. Using the host Function constructor, arbitrary JavaScript can be compiled and executed in the host context, fully bypassing the sandbox and granting access to sensitive resources such as process.env, filesystem, and network. This breaks enclave-vm’s core security guarantee of isolating untrusted code. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.7.0.
Sources
3Proof-of-concept exploit and payload generator for CVE-2026-22686, a sandbox escape in enclave-vm <2.7.0 enabling arbitrary code execution and reverse shells.
Proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2026-22686, demonstrating remote code execution in Node.js ESM sandboxes via process.getBuiltinModule to bypass module restrictions.
Responsible use
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