nccgroup/asafwSammlung von Skripten für die Arbeit mit Cisco-ASA-Firmware [Packen/Entpacken usw.]
Vorbemerkung: wir empfehlen, dies als Teil von asatools zu verwenden, aber es kann auch eigenständig verwendet werden.
asafw ist eine Sammlung von Skripten zur Arbeit mit Cisco-ASA-Firmware. Sie ermöglicht das Entpacken von Firmware, die beim Debuggen mit gdb benötigt wird, sowie das Entpacken/Neuverpacken, um bestimmte Funktionen zu aktivieren, wie zum Beispiel:
Die nützlichsten Werkzeuge sind unpack_repack_bin.sh und unpack_repack_qcow2.sh.
Sie ermöglichen es, die Image-Formate asa*.bin bzw. asav*.qcow2 zu
manipulieren. Beide müssen als root ausgeführt werden, wenn das Rootfs tatsächlich neu verpackt wird, um
die richtigen Berechtigungen beizubehalten.
Sie müssen zunächst asafw/env.sh an Ihre Umgebung anpassen. Es
ermöglicht Ihnen, Pfade zu den von allen Skripten verwendeten Werkzeugen sowie einige
Variablen zu definieren, die Ihrer ASA-Umgebung entsprechen. Beachten Sie, dass es ein ähnliches
asadbg/env.sh gibt, aber nur eines für beide Projekte verwendet werden muss. Wir
empfehlen, es zu Ihrer ~/.bashrc hinzuzufügen:```
source /path/to/asafw/env.sh
# unpack_repack_bin.sh
`unpack_repack_bin.sh` wird verwendet, um `asa*.bin`-Images zu entpacken/neu zu packen, die für
echte Cisco-ASA-Hardware (wie die Serien ASA 5500 und 5500-X) verwendet werden. Die vollständige
Verwendung ist:```
$ unpack_repack_bin.sh -h
Usage:
./unpack_repack_bin.sh -i <firmware_file> -o <out_dir> [-f -g -G -a -A -m -b -r -u -l <linabin_dir> -d -e -k]
-h, --help This help menu
-i, --input <firmware_file> What firmware bin to operate on
-o, --output <out_dir> Where to write new firmware
-f, --free-space Remove space from .bin to ensure injections fit
-g, --enable-gdb Set gdb to start on boot
-G, --disable-gdb Stop gdb from starting on boot
-a, --enable-aslr Turn on ASLR
-A, --disable-aslr Turn off ASLR
-m, --inject-gdb Inject gdbserver to run
-b, --debug-shell Inject ssh-triggered debug shell
-H, --lina-hook Inject hooks for monitor lina heap (requires -b)
-r, --root root the bin to get a rootshell on boot
-c, --custom custom?
-n, --n-custom custom?
-q, --gns3-fixup gns?
-u, --unpack-only unpack the firmware and nothing else
-l, --linabins <linabin_dir> destination folder to save lina binaries
-d, --delete-extracted delete files extracted during modification
-e, --delete-original-bin delete the original firmware being modified
-k, --keep-rootfs keep the extracted rootfs on disk
-s, --simple-name use a simple name for the output .bin with just appended '-repacked'
Examples:
./unpack_repack_bin.sh -i /home/user/firmware -o /home/user/firmware_repacked --free-space --enable-gdb --inject-gdb
./unpack_repack_bin.sh -i /home/user/firmware/asa961-smp-k8.bin -f -g -m
./unpack_repack_bin.sh -u -i /home/user/firmware -l /home/user/linabins
./unpack_repack_bin.sh -u -i /home/user/firmware/asa924-k8.bin -k
Nehmen wir an, wir haben diese beiden Firmware:``` ~/fw$ ls asa924-k8.bin asa981-smp-k8.bin
Wenn du nur Firmware extrahieren möchtest, z. B. um sie mit
[asadbg](https://github.com/nccgroup/asadbg) zu debuggen, kannst du `-u` verwenden, um nur zu entpacken,
und `-k`, um nur das Rootfs zu behalten und andere von binwalk extrahierte Dateien zu löschen,
die du nicht benötigst. Beachte, dass der Ausgabeordner derselbe wie der Eingabeordner ist,
da wir uns dabei auf binwalk verlassen:```
~/fw$ unpack_repack_bin.sh -i . -k -u
[unpack_repack_bin] Directory of firmware detected: .
[unpack_repack_bin] extract_one: asa924-k8.bin
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
75000 0x124F8 SHA256 hash constants, little endian
144510 0x2347E gzip compressed data, maximum compression, from Unix, last modified: 2015-07-15 04:53:23
1501296 0x16E870 gzip compressed data, has original file name: "rootfs.img", from Unix, last modified: 2015-07-15 05:19:52
27168620 0x19E8F6C MySQL ISAM index file Version 4
28192154 0x1AE2D9A Zip archive data, at least v2.0 to extract, name: com/cisco/webvpn/csvrjavaloader64.dll
28773362 0x1B70BF2 Zip archive data, at least v2.0 to extract, name: AliasHandlerWrapper-win64.dll
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracted firmware to /home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted
[unpack_repack_bin] Firmware uses regular rootfs/ dir
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracting /home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs/rootfs.img into /home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs
[unpack_repack_bin] Keeping rootfs
[unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs.img"
[unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted/2347E"
[unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted/1AE2D9A.zip"
[unpack_repack_bin] extract_one: asa981-smp-k8.bin
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
75264 0x12600 SHA256 hash constants, little endian
133120 0x20800 Microsoft executable, portable (PE)
149183 0x246BF gzip compressed data, maximum compression, from Unix, last modified: 2017-01-30 19:33:09
3678112 0x381FA0 gzip compressed data, has original file name: "rootfs.img", from Unix, last modified: 2017-05-10 22:42:05
14838307 0xE26A23 MySQL MISAM compressed data file Version 4
87985870 0x53E8ECE MySQL MISAM compressed data file Version 7
96261881 0x5BCD6F9 Zip archive data, at least v2.0 to extract, name: com/cisco/webvpn/csvrjavaloader64.dll
96890193 0x5C66D51 MySQL ISAM compressed data file Version 5
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracted firmware to /home/user/fw/_asa981-smp-k8.bin.extracted
[unpack_repack_bin] Firmware uses regular rootfs/ dir
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracting /home/user/fw/_asa981-smp-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs/rootfs.img into /home/user/fw/_asa981-smp-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs
[unpack_repack_bin] Keeping rootfs
[unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw/_asa981-smp-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs.img"
[unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw/_asa981-smp-k8.bin.extracted/5BCD6F9.zip"
[unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw/_asa981-smp-k8.bin.extracted/246BF"
Beachten Sie, dass Fehler wie die untenstehenden, die Sie möglicherweise erhalten, in diesem Fall keine Rolle spielen, da Sie die Firmware nicht neu verpacken werden:``` cpio: lib/udev/devices/kmem: Function mknod failed: Operation not permitted cpio: lib/udev/devices/net/tun: Function mknod failed: Operation not permitted cpio: lib/udev/devices/loop01: Function mknod failed: Operation not permitted cpio: lib/udev/devices/null: Function mknod failed: Operation not permitted cpio: lib/udev/devices/console: Function mknod failed: Operation not permitted cpio: lib/udev/devices/loop00: Function mknod failed: Operation not permitted 134992 blocks
## GDB beim Booten aktivieren / Debug-Shell
Nehmen wir an, wir haben diese beiden Firmware-Dateien:```
~/fw$ ls
asa924-k8.bin asa981-smp-k8.bin
Wir aktivieren gdb mit -g und entfernen einige ungenutzte Dateien mit -f, um die Firmware neu packen zu können (das komprimierte Rootfs muss kleiner sein als das ursprüngliche). Wir patchen außerdem lina, um mit -b eine Debug-Shell hinzuzufügen. Wie wir unten sehen, funktionierte dies für asa924-k8.bin, schlug aber für asa981-smp-k8.bin fehl. Das liegt daran, dass wir das Ziel noch nicht zu unserer JSON-Datenbank hinzugefügt haben:```
~/fw# unpack_repack_bin.sh -i . -f -g -b -o .
[unpack_repack_bin] Directory of firmware detected: .
[unpack_repack_bin] unpack_one: asa924-k8.bin
[bin] Unpacking...
[bin] Writing /home/user/fw/asa924-k8-initrd-original.gz (29013841 bytes)...
[bin] unpack: Writing /home/user/fw/asa924-k8-vmlinuz (1368176 bytes)...
134992 blocks
[unpack_repack_bin] modify_one: asa924-k8.bin
[unpack_repack_bin] ENABLE GDB
[unpack_repack_bin] FREE SPACE IN .BIN
[unpack_repack_bin] Using 32-bit firmware
[unpack_repack_bin] Adding debug shell for 192.168.210.78:4444
[lina] WARN: No index specified. Will guess based on lina path...
[lina] Using index: 132 for asa924-k8.bin
[lina] Input file: /home/user/fw/work/asa/bin/lina
[lina] Size of clean lina: 43386588 bytes
[lina] Patching lina offset: 0x3db00 with len = 445 bytes
[lina] Output file: /home/user/fw/work/asa/bin/lina
[unpack_repack_bin] repack_one: asa924-k8.bin
132192 blocks
[bin] Repacking...
[bin] repack: Writing ./asa924-k8-debugshell-gdbserver.bin (30597120 bytes)...
[unpack_repack_bin] MD5: 6ee6af342a5b1ef31d633fca6dfa0d1a ./asa924-k8-debugshell-gdbserver.bin
[unpack_repack_bin] CLEANUP
[unpack_repack_bin] unpack_one: asa981-smp-k8.bin
[bin] Unpacking...
[bin] Writing /home/user/fw/asa981-smp-k8-initrd-original.gz (100973358 bytes)...
[bin] Could not find Direct booting from string
[bin] Probably handling a 64-bit firmware...
[bin] unpack: Writing /home/user/fw/asa981-smp-k8-vmlinuz (3544992 bytes)...
458699 blocks
[unpack_repack_bin] modify_one: asa981-smp-k8.bin
[unpack_repack_bin] ENABLE GDB
[unpack_repack_bin] FREE SPACE IN .BIN
[unpack_repack_bin] Using 32-bit firmware
[unpack_repack_bin] Adding debug shell for 192.168.210.78:4444
[lina] WARN: No index specified. Will guess based on lina path...
[lina] [x] Failed to get target index matching bin name
/path/asafw/lina.py -b asa981-smp-k8.bin -f /home/user/fw/work/asa/bin/lina -o /home/user/fw/work/asa/bin/lina -c 192.168.210.78 -p 4444 -d /path/to/asadbg/asadb.json failed
Wie Sie sehen, erhalten wir eine zusätzliche Firmware mit aktiviertem gdb:
`asa924-k8-debugshell-gdbserver.bin`, die mit
[asadbg](https://github.com/nccgroup/asadbg) verwendet werden kann.```
~/fw# ls
asa924-k8.bin asa981-smp-k8.bin asa981-smp-k8-initrd-original.gz work
asa924-k8-debugshell-gdbserver.bin asa981-smp-k8-initrd-original.cpio asa981-smp-k8-vmlinuz
Außerdem wird das zuletzt extrahierte Rootfs in work zu Debugging-Zwecken aufbewahrt.
Die verbleibenden Dateien für asa981-smp-* sind wegen des Fehlschlags dort. Du kannst
die idahunt-Skripte in asadbg verwenden, um
die neue lina zu importieren. Du kannst dich genauer auf den
Abschnitt Importing additional symbols im
README beziehen.
Da Firmware-Dateien ziemlich groß sind und extrahierte Dateien sogar noch größer, kann es interessant
sein, jede Firmware zu extrahieren, die lina- und lina_monitor-Dateien zu erhalten und dann die temporären
extrahierten Dateien zu löschen.
Das kannst du mit der folgenden Befehlszeile tun:``` $ unpack_repack_bin.sh -u -i /home/user/fw/ --linabins /home/user/linabins/ --delete-extracted [unpack_repack_bin] Created /home/user/linabins/ directory [unpack_repack_bin] Directory of firmware detected: /home/user/fw/ [unpack_repack_bin] extract_bin: asa924-25-k8.bin [unpack_repack_bin] Extracted firmware to /home/user/fw/_asa924-25-k8.bin.extracted [unpack_repack_bin] Firmware uses regular rootfs/ dir [unpack_repack_bin] Extracting /home/user/fw/_asa924-25-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs/rootfs.img into /home/user/fw/_asa924-25-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs [unpack_repack_bin] Deleting extracted files [unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw/_asa924-25-k8.bin.extracted" [unpack_repack_bin] extract_bin: asa924-27-k8.bin [unpack_repack_bin] Extracted firmware to /home/user/fw/_asa924-27-k8.bin.extracted [unpack_repack_bin] Firmware uses regular rootfs/ dir [unpack_repack_bin] Extracting /home/user/fw/_asa924-27-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs/rootfs.img into /home/user/fw/_asa924-27-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs [unpack_repack_bin] Deleting extracted files [unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw/_asa924-27-k8.bin.extracted" [unpack_repack_bin] extract_bin: asa924-k8.bin [unpack_repack_bin] Extracted firmware to /home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted [unpack_repack_bin] Firmware uses regular rootfs/ dir [unpack_repack_bin] Extracting /home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs/rootfs.img into /home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs [unpack_repack_bin] Deleting extracted files [unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw/_asa924-k8.bin.extracted" $ tree /home/user/linabins/ /home/user/linabins/ ├── asa924-25-k8.bin │ ├── lina │ └── lina_monitor ├── asa924-27-k8.bin │ ├── lina │ └── lina_monitor └── asa924-k8.bin ├── lina └── lina_monitor
3 directories, 6 files
# unpack_repack_qcow2.sh
## Eine Firmware extrahieren
Du musst root sein, auch wenn du die Firmware nur entpacken möchtest:```
$ unpack_repack_qcow2.sh -i asav941-200.qcow2 -u
[unpack_repack_qcow2] You need to be root to mount/unmount the qcow2
Man kann ein asav*.qcow2-Image wie folgt extrahieren. Auch hier wird -u verwendet,
um nur zu entpacken.```
~/fw_qcow2# unpack_repack_qcow2.sh -i asav941-200.qcow2 -u
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using input qcow2 file: asav941-200.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using template qcow2 file: asav941-200.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using output qcow2 file: /home/user/fw_qcow2/asav941-200-repacked.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Command line: -f
[unpack_repack_qcow2] extract_one: asav941-200.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Mounted /dev/nbd01 to /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Copied asa941-200-smp-k8.bin to /home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/asav941-200.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Unmounted /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_bin] Single firmware detected
[unpack_repack_bin] extract_one: asav941-200.qcow2
74656 0x123A0 SHA256 hash constants, little endian 133120 0x20800 Microsoft executable, portable (PE) 149183 0x246BF gzip compressed data, maximum compression, from Unix, last modified: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 (null date) 3447872 0x349C40 gzip compressed data, has original file name: "rootfs.img", from Unix, last modified: 2015-05-12 00:16:47 68057161 0x40E7849 Zip archive data, at least v2.0 to extract, name: com/cisco/webvpn/csvrjavaloader64.dll 68700208 0x4184830 Zip archive data, at least v2.0 to extract, name: libAliasHandlerWrapper-mac.jnilib
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracted firmware to /home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/_asav941-200.qcow2.extracted [unpack_repack_bin] Firmware uses regular rootfs/ dir [unpack_repack_bin] Extracting /home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/_asav941-200.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/rootfs.img into /home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/_asav941-200.qcow2.extracted/rootfs 334503 blocks [unpack_repack_bin] Keeping rootfs [unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/_asav941-200.qcow2.extracted/rootfs.img" [unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/_asav941-200.qcow2.extracted/246BF" [unpack_repack_bin] Deleting "/home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/_asav941-200.qcow2.extracted/40E7849.zip"
Wir können auf das extrahierte Rootfs zugreifen oder es mit
[asadbg](https://github.com/nccgroup/asadbg) verwenden.```
~/fw_qcow2# ls
asav941-200.qcow2 _asav941-200.qcow2.extracted asav971.qcow2 bin
~/fw_qcow2# ls _asav941-200.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/
asa bin boot dev etc home init lib lib64 media mnt proc root run sbin sys tmp usr var
Sie können gdb beim Booten mit -g aktivieren und ASLR mit -A deaktivieren. Dies ermöglicht es, die Firmware mit gdb zu debuggen, nachdem sie mit GNS3 geladen wurde:```
~/fw_qcow2# unpack_repack_qcow2.sh -i asav962-7.qcow2 -g -A
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using input qcow2 file: asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using template qcow2 file: asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using output qcow2 file: /home/user/fw_qcow2/asav962-7-repacked.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Command line: -f -g -A
[unpack_repack_qcow2] extract_repack_one: asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Mounted /dev/nbd01 to /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Copied asa962-7-smp-k8.bin to /home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Unmounted /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_bin] Single firmware detected
[unpack_repack_bin] unpack_one: asav962-7.qcow2
[bin] Unpacking...
[bin] Writing /home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/asav962-7-initrd-original.gz (86019506 bytes)...
[bin] Could not find Direct booting from string
[bin] Probably handling a 64-bit firmware...
[bin] unpack: Writing /home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/asav962-7-vmlinuz (3624768 bytes)...
455629 blocks
[unpack_repack_bin] modify_one: asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_bin] DISABLE ASLR
[unpack_repack_bin] ENABLE GDB
[unpack_repack_bin] FREE SPACE IN .BIN
[unpack_repack_bin] repack_one: asav962-7.qcow2
442851 blocks
[bin] Repacking...
[bin] repack: Writing /home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/asav962-7-repacked-gdbserver.qcow2 (89874432 bytes)...
[unpack_repack_bin] MD5: b898d5db383a95fa412527f8b1cd52e4 /home/user/fw_qcow2/bin/asav962-7-repacked-gdbserver.qcow2
[unpack_repack_bin] CLEANUP
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Mounted /dev/nbd01 to /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Moved modified .bin inside of /home/user/fw_qcow2/asav962-7-repacked.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Unmounted /home/user/mnt/qcow2
Die erhaltene `/home/user/fw_qcow2/asav962-7-repacked.qcow2` hat sowohl gdb beim Booten aktiviert als auch ASLR deaktiviert.
## Lina- und zugehörige Dateien für spätere Analysen abrufen
Ähnlich wie bei den `asa*.bin`-Dateien, jedoch mit einer anderen Befehlszeile und als root:```
# for QCOW2FILE in $(find /home/user/fw/*); do echo --- Handling $QCOW2FILE; unpack_repack_qcow2.sh -u -i $QCOW2FILE; done
--- Handling /home/user/fw/asav962-2.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using input qcow2 file: /home/user/fw/asav962-2.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using template qcow2 file: /home/user/fw/asav962-2.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using output qcow2 file: /home/user/fw/asav962-2-repacked.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Command line: -f
[unpack_repack_qcow2] extract_one: /home/user/fw/asav962-2.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Mounting /home/user/fw/asav962-2.qcow2 to /dev/nbd0
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Mounted /dev/nbd0p1 to /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Copied asa962-2-smp-k8.bin to /home/user/fw/bin/asav962-2.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Unmounted /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Disconnecting /dev/nbd0
[unpack_repack_bin] Single firmware detected
[unpack_repack_bin] extract_bin: asav962-2.qcow2
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracted firmware to /home/user/fw/bin/_asav962-2.qcow2.extracted
[unpack_repack_bin] Firmware uses regular rootfs/ dir
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracting /home/user/fw/bin/_asav962-2.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/rootfs.img into /home/user/fw/bin/_asav962-2.qcow2.extracted/rootfs
--- Handling /home/user/fw/asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using input qcow2 file: /home/user/fw/asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using template qcow2 file: /home/user/fw/asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using output qcow2 file: /home/user/fw/asav962-7-repacked.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Command line: -f
[unpack_repack_qcow2] extract_one: /home/user/fw/asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Mounting /home/user/fw/asav962-7.qcow2 to /dev/nbd0
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Mounted /dev/nbd0p1 to /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Copied asa962-7-smp-k8.bin to /home/user/fw/bin/asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Unmounted /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Disconnecting /dev/nbd0
[unpack_repack_bin] Single firmware detected
[unpack_repack_bin] extract_bin: asav962-7.qcow2
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracted firmware to /home/user/fw/bin/_asav962-7.qcow2.extracted
[unpack_repack_bin] Firmware uses regular rootfs/ dir
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracting /home/user/fw/bin/_asav962-7.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/rootfs.img into /home/user/fw/bin/_asav962-7.qcow2.extracted/rootfs
--- Handling /home/user/fw/asav962.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using input qcow2 file: /home/user/fw/asav962.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using template qcow2 file: /home/user/fw/asav962.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Using output qcow2 file: /home/user/fw/asav962-repacked.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Command line: -f
[unpack_repack_qcow2] extract_one: /home/user/fw/asav962.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Mounting /home/user/fw/asav962.qcow2 to /dev/nbd0
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Mounted /dev/nbd0p1 to /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Copied asa962-smp-k8.bin to /home/user/fw/bin/asav962.qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Unmounted /home/user/mnt/qcow2
[unpack_repack_qcow2] Disconnecting /dev/nbd0
[unpack_repack_bin] Single firmware detected
[unpack_repack_bin] extract_bin: asav962.qcow2
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracted firmware to /home/user/fw/bin/_asav962.qcow2.extracted
[unpack_repack_bin] Firmware uses regular rootfs/ dir
[unpack_repack_bin] Extracting /home/user/fw/bin/_asav962.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/rootfs.img into /home/user/fw/bin/_asav962.qcow2.extracted/rootfs
# cd /home/user/fw/
# linabins.sh /home/user/linabins
_asav962-2.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/asa/bin/lina
_asav962-2.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/asa/bin/lina_monitor
_asav962-7.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/asa/bin/lina
_asav962-7.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/asa/bin/lina_monitor
_asav962.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/asa/bin/lina
_asav962.qcow2.extracted/rootfs/asa/bin/lina_monitor
# tree /home/user/linabins
/home/user/linabins
├── asav962-2.qcow2
│ ├── lina
│ └── lina_monitor
├── asav962-7.qcow2
│ ├── lina
│ └── lina_monitor
└── asav962.qcow2
├── lina
└── lina_monitor
3 directories, 6 files
```
# Firmware-Hilfsprogramme
## bin.py
`bin.py` wird verwendet, um `asa*.bin`-Images zu manipulieren. Es wird hauptsächlich von
`unpack_repack_bin.sh` und `unpack_repack_qcow2.sh` verwendet.```
$ bin.py -h
usage: bin.py [-h] [-f FIRMWARE_FILE] [-g GZIP_FILE] [-u] [-r] [-t] [-T]
[-o OUTPUTFILE]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-f FIRMWARE_FILE, --firmware-file FIRMWARE_FILE
-g GZIP_FILE, --gzip-file GZIP_FILE
-u, --unpack
-r, --repack
-t, --root
-T, --unroot
-o OUTPUTFILE, --output-file OUTPUTFILE
```
Es kann weiterhin verwendet werden, um schnell einen Linux-Kernel und ein Rootfs aus einer
`asa*.bin`-Firmware zu extrahieren:```
$ bin.py -f asa924-k8.bin -u
[bin] Unpacking...
[bin] Writing asa924-k8-initrd-original.gz (29013841 bytes)...
[bin] unpack: Writing asa924-k8-vmlinuz (1368176 bytes)...
$ file asa924-k8-*
asa924-k8-initrd-original.gz: gzip compressed data, was "rootfs.img", from Unix, last modified: Wed Jul 15 06:19:52 2015
asa924-k8-vmlinuz: x86 boot sector
```
Du kannst es auch verwenden, um eine einzelne Binärdatei zu rooten:```
$ bin.py -f asa924-k8.bin -t
[bin] root: Writing asa924-k8-rooted.bin (30597120 bytes)...
```
Wir überprüfen die Unterschiede in den beiden `asa*.bin`:```
$ xxd asa924-k8.bin > b1.hex
$ xxd asa924-k8-rooted.bin > b2.hex
$ diff b1.hex b2.hex
1907204,1907206c1907204,1907206
< 1d1a030: 0048 2000 70e0 1400 51b7 ba01 7175 6965 .H .p...Q...quie
< 1d1a040: 7420 6c6f 676c 6576 656c 3d30 2061 7574 t loglevel=0 aut
< 1d1a050: 6f20 6b73 7461 636b 3d31 3238 2072 6562 o kstack=128 reb
---
> 1d1a030: 0048 2000 70e0 1400 51b7 ba01 7264 696e .H .p...Q...rdin
> 1d1a040: 6974 3d2f 6269 6e2f 7368 2020 2020 2020 it=/bin/sh
> 1d1a050: 2020 6b73 7461 636b 3d31 3238 2072 6562 kstack=128 reb
```
## cpio.sh
Die `cpio.sh` wird verwendet, um CPIO-Images (rootfs) zu bearbeiten. Sie wird hauptsächlich von
`unpack_repack_bin.sh` und `unpack_repack_qcow2.sh` verwendet. Es handelt sich um einen recht schlanken Wrapper
um cpio, der lediglich einige Befehle zur Vereinfachung kombiniert:```
$ cpio.sh -h
Unknown option
-c Create cpio image
-d Directory to turn into cpio image
-e Extract cpio image
-o Output file
Examples:
Create ./cpio.sh -c -d rootfs -o rootfs.img
Extract ./cpio.sh -e -i rootfs.img
```
Wenn du es als eigenständige Anwendung ausprobieren möchtest, kannst du Folgendes tun.
Nachdem wir ein gzipptes Rootfs mit `bin.py` extrahiert haben, dekomprimieren wir es:```
$ gunzip asa924-k8-initrd-original.gz
$ file asa924-k8-initrd-original
asa924-k8-initrd-original: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)
```
Jetzt extrahieren wir das rootfs in den Ordner `rootfs_924`:```
$ cpio.sh -e -i asa924-k8-initrd-original -d rootfs_924
$ ls rootfs_924/
asa bin boot config dev etc home init lib lib64 linuxrc mnt opt proc root sbin share sys tmp usr var
```
## lina.py
`lina.py` wird verwendet, um die ausführbare Hauptdatei von Cisco ASA (a.k.a. `lina`) zu patchen. Es
wird hauptsächlich von `unpack_repack_bin.sh` und `unpack_repack_qcow2.sh` verwendet.```
$ lina.py -h
usage: lina.py [-h] [-c CBHOST] [-p CBPORT] [--log-port CBLOGPORT]
[-i TARGET_INDEX] [-f LINA_FILE] [-b BIN_NAME]
[-o LINA_FILE_OUT] [--hook] [-v] [-d TARGET_FILE]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-c CBHOST Attacker or debugger IP addr for reverse shell
-p CBPORT Attacker or debugger port for reverse shell
--log-port CBLOGPORT Port for sending hook logs
-i TARGET_INDEX Index of the target (use -l to list them all)
-f LINA_FILE Input lina file
-b BIN_NAME Input bin name
-o LINA_FILE_OUT Output lina file
--hook Insert lina hooks
-v Display more info
-d TARGET_FILE JSON db name
```
Wir können es als eigenständiges Werkzeug verwenden, um `lina` zu patchen, sodass es eine Debug-Shell enthält. Wir
verwenden die `asadbg.json` von [asadbg](https://github.com/nccgroup/asadbg), da sie
bereits die benötigten Adressen enthält. Andernfalls muss man möglicherweise
[idahunt](https://github.com/nccgroup/idahunt) verwenden, um sie zuerst zu finden.```
$ lina.py -c 192.168.1.1 -p 5555 -f _asa924-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs/asa/bin/lina -b asa924-k8.bin -o lina_patched -d /path/to/asadbg/asadb.json
[lina] WARN: No index specified. Will guess based on lina path...
[lina] Using index: 0 for asa924-k8.bin
[lina] Input file: _asa924-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs/asa/bin/lina
[lina] Size of clean lina: 43386588 bytes
[lina] Patching lina offset: 0x3db00 with len = 445 bytes
[lina] Output file: lina_patched
```
Wir können überprüfen, dass es nur eine Funktion mit dem Reverse-Debug-Shell
shellcode gepatcht hat:```
$ xxd _asa924-k8.bin.extracted/rootfs/asa/bin/lina > b1.hex
$ xxd lina_patched > b2.hex
$ diff b1.hex b2.hex
15793,15820c15793,15820
< 003db00: 5589 e557 5653 81ec 8c05 0000 8b7d 208d U..WVS.......} .
< 003db10: 45f0 c745 f001 0000 0066 c745 b0c1 1085 E..E.....f.E....
< 003db20: ffc7 45b4 0400 0000 8945 b866 c745 bc00 ..E......E.f.E..
< 003db30: 00c7 45c0 0000 0000 c745 c400 0000 0074 ..E......E.....t
< 003db40: 088b 4520 66c7 0000 008b 7524 85f6 7409 ..E f.....u$..t.
< 003db50: 8b55 24c7 0200 0000 008d 95f4 feff ff31 .U$............1
< 003db60: db89 d789 d8b9 2000 0000 f3ab c785 f4fe ...... .........
< 003db70: ffff 0100 0000 c785 50ff ffff ffff ffff ........P.......
< 003db80: 8b45 0889 1424 8985 68ff ffff e8bf 3525 .E...$..h.....5%
< 003db90: 01c7 85a4 faff ff00 0000 0085 c089 85a0 ................
< 003dba0: faff ff0f 849f 0400 008b 4018 8db5 38fe [email protected].
< 003dbb0: ffff 89f7 8904 24e8 24a9 2501 b92f 0000 ......$.$.%../..
< 003dbc0: 0089 85b0 faff ff89 d8f3 abc7 8538 feff .............8..
< 003dbd0: ff00 0000 008b 95a0 faff ff8b 7d08 8b42 ............}..B
< 003dbe0: 1889 853c feff ff8b 4244 897c 2404 c785 ...<....BD.|$...
< 003dbf0: 4cfe ffff ffff ffff c785 48fe ffff ffff L.........H.....
< 003dc00: ffff 8985 44fe ffff 8934 24e8 e0f8 ffff ....D....4$.....
< 003dc10: b909 0000 0089 8590 faff ff8d 8574 ffff .............t..
< 003dc20: ff89 859c faff ff89 c789 d8f3 abc7 85a4 ................
< 003dc30: faff ffff ffff ff83 bd90 faff ffff 0f84 ................
< 003dc40: 1c04 0000 8d85 b4fa ffff b1a1 8985 98fa ................
< 003dc50: ffff 89c7 89d8 f3ab 8d95 b4fa ffff 8d9d ................
< 003dc60: 33fb ffff 8b4d 0ceb 138d b426 0000 0000 3....M.....&....
< 003dc70: 8802 83c2 0139 da74 0a83 c101 0fb6 0184 .....9.t........
< 003dc80: c075 edc6 0200 8d9d b3fb ffff 8b4d 108d .u...........M..
< 003dc90: 9534 fbff ffeb 0d90 8802 83c2 0139 da74 .4...........9.t
< 003dca0: 0a83 c101 0fb6 0184 c075 edc6 0200 8b55 .........u.....U
< 003dcb0: 148d bd6c 2e00 008b 4508 c785 10fd ffff ...l....E.......
---
> 003db00: b840 bc2a 09ff d0b8 0200 0000 cd80 85c0 .@.*............
> 003db10: 0f85 a101 0000 baed 0100 00b9 c200 0000 ................
> 003db20: 682f 7368 0068 2f74 6d70 8d1c 24b8 0500 h/sh.h/tmp..$...
> 003db30: 0000 cd80 50eb 3159 8b11 8d49 0489 c3b8 ....P.1Y...I....
> 003db40: 0400 0000 cd80 5bb8 0600 0000 cd80 8d1c ......[.........
> 003db50: 2431 d252 538d 0c24 b80b 0000 00cd 8031 $1.RS..$.......1
> 003db60: dbb8 0100 0000 cd80 e8ca ffff ff46 0100 .............F..
> 003db70: 007f 454c 4601 0101 0000 0000 0000 0000 ..ELF...........
> 003db80: 0002 0003 0001 0000 0054 8004 0834 0000 .........T...4..
> 003db90: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0034 0020 0001 0000 .........4. ....
> 003dba0: 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 8004 ................
> 003dbb0: 0800 8004 08f2 0000 00f2 0000 0007 0000 ................
> 003dbc0: 0000 1000 0055 89e5 83ec 106a 006a 016a .....U.....j.j.j
> 003dbd0: 028d 0c24 bb01 0000 00b8 6600 0000 cd80 ...$......f.....
> 003dbe0: 83c4 0c89 45fc 687f 0000 0168 0200 0438 ....E.h....h...8
> 003dbf0: 8d14 246a 1052 508d 0c24 bb03 0000 00b8 ..$j.RP..$......
> 003dc00: 6600 0000 cd80 83c4 1485 c07d 186a 006a f..........}.j.j
> 003dc10: 018d 1c24 31c9 b8a2 0000 00cd 8083 c408 ...$1...........
> 003dc20: ebc4 8b45 fc83 ec20 8d0c 24ba 0300 0000 ...E... ..$.....
> 003dc30: 8b5d fcc7 0105 0100 00b8 0400 0000 cd80 .]..............
> 003dc40: ba04 0000 00b8 0300 0000 cd80 c701 0501 ................
> 003dc50: 0001 c741 04c0 a801 0166 c741 0815 b3ba ...A.....f.A....
> 003dc60: 0a00 0000 b804 0000 00cd 80ba 2000 0000 ............ ...
> 003dc70: b803 0000 00cd 8083 c420 8b5d fcb9 0200 ......... .]....
> 003dc80: 0000 b83f 0000 00cd 8049 7df6 31d2 682d ...?.....I}.1.h-
> 003dc90: 6900 0089 e768 2f73 6800 682f 6269 6e89 i....h/sh.h/bin.
> 003dca0: e352 5753 8d0c 24b8 0b00 0000 cd80 31db .RWS..$.......1.
> 003dcb0: b801 0000 00cd 80b8 0100 0000 c3fd ffff ................
```
# Datamining
## info.sh
Das Skript `info.sh` ermöglicht das Auflisten von Mitigationen der Firmware im aktuellen
Ordner.```
$ info.sh -h
Display/save mitigations and additional info for all firmware in the current folder
Usage: info.sh [--save-result --db-name <json_db>]
```
Sobald Sie die gesamte Firmware extrahiert haben, können Sie sie analysieren:```
fw$ ls
_asa802-k8.bin.extracted _asa825-51-k8.bin.extracted _asa844-5-k8.bin.extracted _asa911-4-k8.bin.extracted _asa922-4-k8.bin.extracted _asa944-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa803-k8.bin.extracted _asa825-52-k8.bin.extracted _asa844-9-k8.bin.extracted _asa911-k8.bin.extracted _asa922-4-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa951-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa804-16-k8.bin.extracted _asa825-57-k8.bin.extracted _asa844-k8.bin.extracted _asa911-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa922-k8.bin.extracted _asa952-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa804-k8.bin.extracted _asa825-59-k8.bin.extracted _asa845-k8.bin.extracted _asa912-k8.bin.extracted _asa923-k8.bin.extracted _asa953-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa805-23-k8.bin.extracted _asa825-k8.bin.extracted _asa845-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa912-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa923-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa961-10-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa805-28-k8.bin.extracted _asa825-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa846-5-k8.bin.extracted _asa913-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-10-k8.bin.extracted _asa961-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa805-31-k8.bin.extracted _asa831-k8.bin.extracted _asa846-k8.bin.extracted _asa913-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-13-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa962-3-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa805-k8.bin.extracted _asa831-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa846-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa914-5-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-14-k8.bin.extracted _asa962-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa811-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa832-13-k8.bin.extracted _asa847-15-k8.bin.extracted _asa914-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-18-k8.bin.extracted _asa971-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa812-23-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa832-25-k8.bin.extracted _asa847-26-k8.bin.extracted _asa914-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-5-k8.bin.extracted _asav932-200.qcow2.extracted
_asa812-49-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa832-39-k8.bin.extracted _asa847-28-k8.bin.extracted _asa915-12-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-5-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav933-10.qcow2.extracted
_asa812-50-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa832-40-k8.bin.extracted _asa847-29-k8.bin.extracted _asa915-16-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-8-k8.bin.extracted _asav933-11.qcow2.extracted
_asa812-55-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa832-44-k8.bin.extracted _asa847-30-k8.bin.extracted _asa915-19-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-8-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav933-9.qcow2.extracted
_asa812-56-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa832-44-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa847-31-k8.bin.extracted _asa915-21-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-k8.bin.extracted _asav941-13.qcow2.extracted
_asa812-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa832-4-k8.bin.extracted _asa847-k8.bin.extracted _asa915-k8.bin.extracted _asa924-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav941-200.qcow2.extracted
_asa821-k8.bin.extracted _asa832-k8.bin.extracted _asa847-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa915-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa931-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav941-6.qcow2.extracted
_asa822-k8.bin.extracted _asa832-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa861-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa916-10-k8.bin.extracted _asa932-200-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav941.qcow2.extracted
_asa822-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa841-11-k8.bin.extracted _asa901-k8.bin.extracted _asa916-11-k8.bin.extracted _asa932-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav942-6.qcow2.extracted
_asa823-k8.bin.extracted _asa841-k8.bin.extracted _asa902-k8.bin.extracted _asa916-4-k8.bin.extracted _asa933-11-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav942.qcow2.extracted
_asa823-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa841-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa902-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa916-k8.bin.extracted _asa933-7-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav952-204.qcow2.extracted
_asa824-4-k8.bin.extracted _asa842-8-k8.bin.extracted _asa903-k8.bin.extracted _asa916-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa933-9-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav961.qcow2.extracted
_asa824-k8.bin.extracted _asa842-k8.bin.extracted _asa903-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa917-12-k8.bin.extracted _asa933-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav962-2.qcow2.extracted
_asa824-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa842-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa904-38-k8.bin.extracted _asa917-13-k8.bin.extracted _asa941-13-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav962-7.qcow2.extracted
_asa825-13-k8.bin.extracted _asa843-8-k8.bin.extracted _asa904-39-k8.bin.extracted _asa917-4-k8.bin.extracted _asa941-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav962.qcow2.extracted
_asa825-22-k8.bin.extracted _asa843-k8.bin.extracted _asa904-40-k8.bin.extracted _asa917-6-k8.bin.extracted _asa942-11-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asav971.qcow2.extracted
_asa825-26-k8.bin.extracted _asa843-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa904-42-k8.bin.extracted _asa917-9-k8.bin.extracted _asa942-6-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa825-33-k8.bin.extracted _asa844-1-k8.bin.extracted _asa904-5-k8.bin.extracted _asa917-k8.bin.extracted _asa942-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa825-41-k8.bin.extracted _asa844-1-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa904-k8.bin.extracted _asa921-k8.bin.extracted _asa943-12-smp-k8.bin.extracted
_asa825-46-k8.bin.extracted _asa844-3-k8.bin.extracted _asa904-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa921-smp-k8.bin.extracted _asa943-smp-k8.bin.extracted
fw$ info.sh --save-result --db-name /path/to/asafw/asadb.json
```
Eine Datenbank mit bereits einer ganzen Reihe von Firmware-Versionen wird im Repository als
`asadb.json` bereitgestellt.
Wenn du einfach nur die Mitigationen auflisten möchtest, gehe einfach in den Root-Ordner
mit der gesamten extrahierten Firmware und verwende es ohne ein
Argument:```
$ info.sh
```
## info.py
Das folgende Skript wird von `info.sh` verwendet, um eine JSON-Datenbank zu füllen.```
$ info.py -h
usage: info.py [-h] [-l] [-u UPDATE_INFO] [-i BIN_NAME] [-v VERBOSE]
[-d DBNAME]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-l List migitations in all firmware versions
-u UPDATE_INFO Output from info.sh to update db
-i BIN_NAME firmware bin name to update or display
-v VERBOSE display more info
-d DBNAME json database name to read/list info from
```
Abgesehen von seiner Verwendung durch `info.sh` ist sein Hauptzweck, den folgenden
Befehl zu verwenden, um die Zusammenfassung der Schutzmaßnahmen anzuzeigen:```
asafw$ info.py -l asadbg.json
```
Beachten Sie, dass mit `info.py -l` auch der Index (erste Spalte) einer
bestimmten Version abgerufen werden kann, falls dieser benötigt wird (z. B. für `lina.py`).
# Zusammenfassung der Gegenmaßnahmen
Im Folgenden finden Sie eine Kopie der Ausgabe von `info.py -l -d asadbg.json`, korrekt
für Markdown formatiert:| ID | Version |Arch|ASLR| NX |PIE|Can|RELRO|Sym|Strip| Linux | Glibc | Heap allocator | Build date | Firmware |
|-----|-----------|----|----|----|---|---|-----|---|-----|----------|-------|----------------|------------|---------------------------
| 000 | 8.0.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.6.x | 15-06-2007 | asa802-k8.bin |
| 001 | 8.0.3 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.6.x | 06-11-2007 | asa803-k8.bin |
| 002 | 8.0.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.6.x | 07-08-2008 | asa804-k8.bin |
| 003 | 8.0.4.16 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.6.x | 04-12-2008 | asa804-16-k8.bin |
| 004 | 8.0.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.6.x | 02-11-2009 | asa805-k8.bin |
| 005 | 8.0.5.23 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.6.x | 20-01-2011 | asa805-23-k8.bin |
| 006 | 8.0.5.28 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.6.x | 26-09-2012 | asa805-28-k8.bin |
| 007 | 8.0.5.31 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.6.x | 13-03-2013 | asa805-31-k8.bin |
| 008 | 8.1.1 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 01-03-2008 | asa811-smp-k8.bin |
| 009 | 8.1.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 09-10-2008 | asa812-smp-k8.bin |
| 010 | 8.1.2.23 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 22-04-2009 | asa812-23-smp-k8.bin |
| 011 | 8.1.2.49 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 22-02-2011 | asa812-49-smp-k8.bin |
| 012 | 8.1.2.50 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 22-09-2011 | asa812-50-smp-k8.bin |
| 013 | 8.1.2.55 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 29-02-2012 | asa812-55-smp-k8.bin |
| 014 | 8.1.2.56 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 26-09-2012 | asa812-56-smp-k8.bin |
| 015 | 8.2.1 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 05-05-2009 | asa821-k8.bin |
| 016 | 8.2.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 11-01-2010 | asa822-k8.bin |
| 017 | 8.2.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.17.8 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 11-01-2010 | asa822-smp-k8.bin |
| 018 | 8.2.3 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-08-2010 | asa823-k8.bin |
| 019 | 8.2.3 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-08-2010 | asa823-smp-k8.bin |
| 020 | 8.2.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-12-2010 | asa824-k8.bin |
| 021 | 8.2.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-12-2010 | asa824-smp-k8.bin |
| 022 | 8.2.4.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 03-03-2011 | asa824-4-k8.bin |
| 023 | 8.2.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 20-05-2011 | asa825-k8.bin |
| 024 | 8.2.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 20-05-2011 | asa825-smp-k8.bin |
| 025 | 8.2.5.13 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 05-09-2011 | asa825-13-k8.bin |
| 026 | 8.2.5.22 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 20-01-2012 | asa825-22-k8.bin |
| 027 | 8.2.5.26 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 02-03-2012 | asa825-26-k8.bin |
| 028 | 8.2.5.33 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-08-2012 | asa825-33-k8.bin |
| 029 | 8.2.5.41 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 13-03-2013 | asa825-41-k8.bin |
| 030 | 8.2.5.46 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 23-08-2013 | asa825-46-k8.bin |
| 031 | 8.2.5.51 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 20-08-2014 | asa825-51-k8.bin |
| 032 | 8.2.5.52 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 13-10-2014 | asa825-52-k8.bin |
| 033 | 8.2.5.57 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 24-03-2015 | asa825-57-k8.bin |
| 034 | 8.2.5.59 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 12-02-2016 | asa825-59-k8.bin |
| 035 | 8.3.1 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 04-03-2010 | asa831-k8.bin |
| 036 | 8.3.1 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 04-03-2010 | asa831-smp-k8.bin |
| 037 | 8.3.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 30-07-2010 | asa832-k8.bin |
| 038 | 8.3.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 30-07-2010 | asa832-smp-k8.bin |
| 039 | 8.3.2.13 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 19-01-2011 | asa832-13-k8.bin |
| 040 | 8.3.2.25 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 26-08-2011 | asa832-25-k8.bin |
| 041 | 8.3.2.39 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 30-09-2013 | asa832-39-k8.bin |
| 042 | 8.3.2.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 20-09-2010 | asa832-4-k8.bin |
| 043 | 8.3.2.40 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 11-02-2014 | asa832-40-k8.bin |
| 044 | 8.3.2.44 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 24-03-2015 | asa832-44-k8.bin |
| 045 | 8.3.2.44 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.3.2 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 24-03-2015 | asa832-44-smp-k8.bin |
| 046 | 8.4.1 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 31-01-2011 | asa841-k8.bin |
| 047 | 8.4.1 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 31-01-2011 | asa841-smp-k8.bin |
| 048 | 8.4.1.11 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-05-2011 | asa841-11-k8.bin |
| 049 | 8.4.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 15-06-2011 | asa842-k8.bin |
| 050 | 8.4.2 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 15-06-2011 | asa842-smp-k8.bin |
| 051 | 8.4.2.8 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 26-08-2011 | asa842-8-k8.bin |
| 052 | 8.4.3 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-01-2012 | asa843-k8.bin |
| 053 | 8.4.3 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-01-2012 | asa843-smp-k8.bin |
| 054 | 8.4.3.8 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 01-03-2012 | asa843-8-k8.bin |
| 055 | 8.4.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-05-2012 | asa844-k8.bin |
| 056 | 8.4.4.1 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-06-2012 | asa844-1-k8.bin |
| 057 | 8.4.4.1 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-06-2012 | asa844-1-smp-k8.bin |
| 058 | 8.4.4.3 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 11-07-2012 | asa844-3-k8.bin |
| 059 | 8.4.4.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 08-08-2012 | asa844-5-k8.bin |
| 060 | 8.4.4.9 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-09-2012 | asa844-9-k8.bin |
| 061 | 8.4.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 29-10-2012 | asa845-k8.bin |
| 062 | 8.4.5 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 29-10-2012 | asa845-smp-k8.bin |
| 063 | 8.4.6 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 26-04-2013 | asa846-k8.bin |
| 064 | 8.4.6 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 26-04-2013 | asa846-smp-k8.bin |
| 065 | 8.4.6.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 03-07-2013 | asa846-5-k8.bin |
| 066 | 8.4.7 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 30-08-2013 | asa847-k8.bin |
| 067 | 8.4.7 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 30-08-2013 | asa847-smp-k8.bin |
| 068 | 8.4.7.15 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 25-03-2014 | asa847-15-k8.bin |
| 069 | 8.4.7.26 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-01-2015 | asa847-26-k8.bin |
| 070 | 8.4.7.28 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 24-03-2015 | asa847-28-k8.bin |
| 071 | 8.4.7.29 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 09-09-2015 | asa847-29-k8.bin |
| 072 | 8.4.7.30 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-12-2015 | asa847-30-k8.bin |
| 073 | 8.4.7.31 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 03-02-2016 | asa847-31-k8.bin |
| 074 | 8.6.1 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 18-11-2011 | asa861-smp-k8.bin |
| 075 | 8.6.1.2 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 01-06-2012 | asa861-2-smp-k8.bin |
| 076 | 8.7.1.3 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-11-2012 | asa871-3-smp-k8.bin |
| 077 | 8.7.1.4 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-02-2013 | asa871-4-smp-k8.bin |
| 078 | 9.0.1 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 26-10-2012 | asa901-k8.bin |
| 079 | 9.0.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-02-2013 | asa902-k8.bin |
| 080 | 9.0.2 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-02-2013 | asa902-smp-k8.bin |
| 081 | 9.0.3 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 19-07-2013 | asa903-k8.bin |
| 082 | 9.0.3 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 19-07-2013 | asa903-smp-k8.bin |
| 083 | 9.0.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 04-12-2013 | asa904-k8.bin |
| 084 | 9.0.4 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 04-12-2013 | asa904-smp-k8.bin |
| 085 | 9.0.4.38 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-12-2015 | asa904-38-k8.bin |
| 086 | 9.0.4.39 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 08-02-2016 | asa904-39-k8.bin |
| 087 | 9.0.4.40 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 18-08-2016 | asa904-40-k8.bin |
| 088 | 9.0.4.42 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 09-09-2016 | asa904-42-k8.bin |
| 089 | 9.0.4.42 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 09-09-2016 | asa904-42-smp-k8.bin |
| 090 | 9.0.4.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 19-03-2014 | asa904-5-k8.bin |
| 091 | 9.1.1 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 28-11-2012 | asa911-k8.bin |
| 092 | 9.1.1 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 28-11-2012 | asa911-smp-k8.bin |
| 093 | 9.1.1.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 13-03-2013 | asa911-4-k8.bin |
| 094 | 9.1.1.4 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 13-03-2013 | asa911-4-smp-k8.bin |
| 095 | 9.1.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 09-05-2013 | asa912-k8.bin |
| 096 | 9.1.2 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 09-05-2013 | asa912-smp-k8.bin |
| 097 | 9.1.3 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 16-09-2013 | asa913-k8.bin |
| 098 | 9.1.3 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 16-09-2013 | asa913-smp-k8.bin |
| 099 | 9.1.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 05-12-2013 | asa914-k8.bin |
| 100 | 9.1.4 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 05-12-2013 | asa914-smp-k8.bin |
| 101 | 9.1.4.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-02-2014 | asa914-5-k8.bin |
| 102 | 9.1.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 27-03-2014 | asa915-k8.bin |
| 103 | 9.1.5 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 27-03-2014 | asa915-smp-k8.bin |
| 104 | 9.1.5.12 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 20-08-2014 | asa915-12-k8.bin |
| 105 | 9.1.5.16 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-10-2014 | asa915-16-k8.bin |
| 106 | 9.1.5.19 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 23-10-2014 | asa915-19-k8.bin |
| 107 | 9.1.5.21 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 12-12-2014 | asa915-21-k8.bin |
| 108 | 9.1.6 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 27-02-2015 | asa916-k8.bin |
| 109 | 9.1.6 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 27-02-2015 | asa916-smp-k8.bin |
| 110 | 9.1.6.10 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 11-09-2015 | asa916-10-k8.bin |
| 111 | 9.1.6.11 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 15-02-2016 | asa916-11-k8.bin |
| 112 | 9.1.6.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 07-05-2015 | asa916-4-k8.bin |
| 113 | 9.1.6.6 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 03-06-2015 | asa916-6-smp-k8.bin |
| 114 | 9.1.6.6 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 03-06-2015 | asa916-6-k8.bin |
| 115 | 9.1.7 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-01-2016 | asa917-k8.bin |
| 116 | 9.1.7.12 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 08-12-2016 | asa917-12-k8.bin |
| 117 | 9.1.7.13 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 04-01-2017 | asa917-13-k8.bin |
| 118 | 9.1.7.19 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 11-08-2017 | asa917-19-smp-k8.bin |
| 119 | 9.1.7.20 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 02-11-2017 | asa917-20-smp-k8.bin |
| 120 | 9.1.7.20 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 02-11-2017 | asa917-20-k8.bin |
| 121 | 9.1.7.21 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 19-12-2017 | asa917-21-k8.bin |
| 122 | 9.1.7.21 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 19-12-2017 | asa917-21-smp-k8.bin |
| 123 | 9.1.7.23 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 01-02-2018 | asa917-23-smp-k8.bin |
| 124 | 9.1.7.23 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 01-02-2018 | asa917-23-k8.bin |
| 125 | 9.1.7.25 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-03-2018 | asa917-25-smp-k8.bin |
| 126 | 9.1.7.25 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-03-2018 | asa917-25-k8.bin |
| 127 | 9.1.7.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 19-02-2016 | asa917-4-k8.bin |
| 128 | 9.1.7.6 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 05-04-2016 | asa917-6-k8.bin |
| 129 | 9.1.7.9 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 18-08-2016 | asa917-9-k8.bin |
| 130 | 9.2.1 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 24-04-2014 | asa921-k8.bin |
| 131 | 9.2.1 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 24-04-2014 | asa921-smp-k8.bin |
| 132 | 9.2.2 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 26-06-2014 | asa922-k8.bin |
| 133 | 9.2.2 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 26-06-2014 | asa922-smp-k8.bin |
| 134 | 9.2.2.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 29-07-2014 | asa922-4-k8.bin |
| 135 | 9.2.2.4 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 29-07-2014 | asa922-4-smp-k8.bin |
| 136 | 9.2.3 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 15-12-2014 | asa923-k8.bin |
| 137 | 9.2.3 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 15-12-2014 | asa923-smp-k8.bin |
| 138 | 9.2.4 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-07-2015 | asa924-k8.bin |
| 139 | 9.2.4 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-07-2015 | asa924-smp-k8.bin |
| 140 | 9.2.4.10 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 19-04-2016 | asa924-10-k8.bin |
| 141 | 9.2.4.13 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 22-06-2016 | asa924-13-smp-k8.bin |
| 142 | 9.2.4.14 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 18-08-2016 | asa924-14-k8.bin |
| 143 | 9.2.4.18 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 27-10-2016 | asa924-18-k8.bin |
| 144 | 9.2.4.18 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 27-10-2016 | asa924-18-smp-k8.bin |
| 145 | 9.2.4.24 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 13-09-2017 | asa924-24-k8.bin |
| 146 | 9.2.4.24 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 13-09-2017 | asa924-24-smp-k8.bin |
| 147 | 9.2.4.25 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-12-2017 | asa924-25-smp-k8.bin |
| 148 | 9.2.4.25 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 14-12-2017 | asa924-25-k8.bin |
| 149 | 9.2.4.27 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 02-02-2018 | asa924-27-k8.bin |
| 150 | 9.2.4.27 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 02-02-2018 | asa924-27-smp-k8.bin |
| 151 | 9.2.4.28 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 06-03-2018 | asa924-28-k8.bin |
| 152 | 9.2.4.5 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-12-2015 | asa924-5-k8.bin |
| 153 | 9.2.4.5 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 21-12-2015 | asa924-5-smp-k8.bin |
| 154 | 9.2.4.8 | 32 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 24-02-2016 | asa924-8-k8.bin |
| 155 | 9.2.4.8 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 24-02-2016 | asa924-8-smp-k8.bin |
| 156 | 9.3.1 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 2.6.29.6 | 2.9 | dlmalloc 2.8.3 | 23-07-2014 | asa931-smp-k8.bin |
| 157 | 9.3.2 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 16-12-2014 | asa932-smp-k8.bin |
| 158 | 9.3.2.200 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 18-12-2014 | asa932-200-smp-k8.bin |
| 159 | 9.3.2.200 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 18-12-2014 | asav932-200.qcow2 |
| 160 | 9.3.3 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | ? | asa933-smp-k8.bin |
| 161 | 9.3.3.10 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 18-08-2016 | asav933-10.qcow2 |
| 162 | 9.3.3.11 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 09-09-2016 | asa933-11-smp-k8.bin |
| 163 | 9.3.3.11 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 09-09-2016 | asav933-11.qcow2 |
| 164 | 9.3.3.7 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 21-12-2015 | asa933-7-smp-k8.bin |
| 165 | 9.3.3.9 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 26-02-2016 | asa933-9-smp-k8.bin |
| 166 | 9.3.3.9 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.19 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 26-02-2016 | asav933-9.qcow2 |
| 167 | 9.4.1 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 21-03-2015 | asa941-smp-k8.bin |
| 168 | 9.4.1 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 21-03-2015 | asav941.qcow2 |
| 169 | 9.4.1.13 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 03-08-2016 | asa941-13-smp-k8.bin |
| 170 | 9.4.1.13 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 03-08-2016 | asav941-13.qcow2 |
| 171 | 9.4.1.200 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 11-05-2015 | asav941-200.qcow2 |
| 172 | 9.4.1.6 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 16-10-2015 | asav941-6.qcow2 |
| 173 | 9.4.2 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 23-09-2015 | asa942-smp-k8.bin |
| 174 | 9.4.2 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 23-09-2015 | asav942.qcow2 |
| 175 | 9.4.2.11 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 22-02-2016 | asa942-11-smp-k8.bin |
| 176 | 9.4.2.6 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 27-01-2016 | asa942-6-smp-k8.bin |
| 177 | 9.4.2.6 | 64 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 27-01-2016 | asav942-6.qcow2 |
| 178 | 9.4.3 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 24-04-2016 | asa943-smp-k8.bin |
| 179 | 9.4.3.12 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 20-10-2016 | asa943-12-smp-k8.bin |
| 180 | 9.4.4 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 06-01-2017 | asa944-smp-k8.bin |
| 181 | 9.4.4.10 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 16-08-2017 | asa944-10-smp-k8.bin |
| 182 | 9.4.4.12 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 14-09-2017 | asa944-12-smp-k8.bin |
| 183 | 9.4.4.13 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 12-10-2017 | asa944-13-smp-k8.bin |
| 184 | 9.4.4.14 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 3.10.55 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 28-11-2017 | asa944-14-smp-k8.bin |
| 185 | 9.4.4.16 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 02-02-2018 | asa944-16-smp-k8.bin |
| 186 | 9.4.4.17 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 06-02-2018 | asa944-17-smp-k8.bin |
| 187 | 9.4.4.18 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 29-03-2018 | asa944-18-smp-k8.bin |
| 188 | 9.4.4.6 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 27-04-2017 | asa944-6-smp-k8.bin |
| 189 | 9.4.4.8 | 64 | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 16-07-2017 | asa944-8-smp-k8.bin |
| 190 | 9.5.1 | 64 | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 12-08-2015 | asa951-smp-k8.bin |
| 191 | 9.5.2 | 64 | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 28-11-2015 | asa952-smp-k8.bin |
| 192 | 9.5.2.2 | 64 | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 22-12-2015 | asa952-2-smp-k8.bin |
| 193 | 9.5.2.204 | 64 | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 15-02-2016 | asav952-204.qcow2 |
| 194 | 9.5.2.6 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 04-03-2016 | asa952-6-smp-k8.bin |
| 195 | 9.5.3 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 30-08-2016 | asa953-smp-k8.bin |
| 196 | 9.6.1 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 18-03-2016 | asa961-smp-k8.bin |
| 197 | 9.6.1 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 18-03-2016 | asav961.qcow2 |
| 198 | 9.6.1.10 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 09-08-2016 | asa961-10-smp-k8.bin |
| 199 | 9.6.2 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 23-08-2016 | asa962-smp-k8.bin |
| 200 | 9.6.2 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 23-08-2016 | asav962.qcow2 |
| 201 | 9.6.2.2 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 07-10-2016 | asav962-2.qcow2 |
| 202 | 9.6.2.3 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 26-10-2016 | asa962-3-smp-k8.bin |
| 203 | 9.6.2.7 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 05-12-2016 | asav962-7.qcow2 |
| 204 | 9.6.3.17 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 16-10-2017 | asa963-17-smp-k8.bin |
| 205 | 9.6.3.20 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 17-11-2017 | asa963-20-smp-k8.bin |
| 206 | 9.6.4 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 13-12-2017 | asa964-smp-k8.bin |
| 207 | 9.6.4.3 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 02-02-2018 | asa964-3-smp-k8.bin |
| 208 | 9.6.4.8 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 11-04-2018 | asa964-8-smp-k8.bin |
| 209 | 9.7.1 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 16-01-2017 | asa971-smp-k8.bin |
| 210 | 9.7.1 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 16-01-2017 | asav971.qcow2 |
| 211 | 9.7.1.15 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 29-08-2017 | asa971-15-smp-k8.bin |
| 212 | 9.7.1.16 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 19-10-2017 | asa971-16-smp-k8.bin |
| 213 | 9.7.1.21 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 02-02-2018 | asa971-21-smp-k8.bin |
| 214 | 9.7.1.4 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 31-03-2017 | asa971-4-smp-k8.bin |
| 215 | 9.8.1 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 10-05-2017 | asa981-smp-k8.bin |
| 216 | 9.8.1.5 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 23-06-2017 | asav981-5.qcow2 |
| 217 | 9.8.1.7 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 28-07-2017 | asa981-7-smp-k8.bin |
| 218 | 9.8.2 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 27-08-2017 | asa982-smp-k8.bin |
| 219 | 9.8.2.14 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 06-11-2017 | asa982-14-smp-k8.bin |
| 220 | 9.8.2.15 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 10-11-2017 | asa982-15-smp-k8.bin |
| 221 | 9.8.2.17 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 04-01-2018 | asa982-17-smp-k8.bin |
| 222 | 9.8.2.20 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 02-02-2018 | asa982-20-smp-k8.bin |
| 223 | 9.8.2.24 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 01-03-2018 | asa982-24-smp-k8.bin |
| 224 | 9.8.2.26 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 14-03-2018 | asa982-26-smp-k8.bin |
| 225 | 9.8.2.28 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 05-04-2018 | asa982-28-smp-k8.bin |
| 226 | 9.8.2.33 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 04-05-2018 | asa982-33-smp-k8.bin |
| 227 | 9.8.2.8 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 05-10-2017 | asa982-8-smp-k8.bin |
| 228 | 9.9.1 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 30-11-2017 | asa991-smp-k8.bin |
| 229 | 9.9.1 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 30-11-2017 | asav991.qcow2 |
| 230 | 9.9.1.2 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 02-02-2018 | asa991-2-smp-k8.bin |
| 231 | 9.9.1.3 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 06-02-2018 | asa991-3-smp-k8.bin |
| 232 | 9.9.2 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 25-03-2018 | asav992.qcow2 |
| 233 | 9.9.2 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 25-03-2018 | asa992-smp-k8.bin |
| 234 | 9.9.2.1 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 05-04-2018 | asav992-1.qcow2 |
| 235 | 9.9.2.1 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | ? | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 05-04-2018 | asa992-1-smp-k8.bin |
| 236 | 9.9.2.14 | 64 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 3.10.62 | 2.18 | ptmalloc 2.x | 12-07-2018 | asav992-14.qcow2 |
| ID | Version |Arch|ASLR| NX |PIE|Can|RELRO|Sym|Strip| Linux | Glibc | Heap allocator | Build date | Firmware |# End-of-life-ASA-Versionen
Nach unserem Kenntnisstand gibt es keine Zusammenfassung von ASA-Zweigen, die sich im End-of-life (EOL) befinden
- allerdings gibt es eine offizielle Liste von EOL-Geräten
[hier](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/hw/tsd_products_support_end-of-sale_and_end-of-life_products_list.html).
Falls wir etwas übersehen haben, kontaktieren Sie uns bitte. Es ist jedoch möglich,
[die](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/security/asa-5500-series-next-generation-firewalls/products-security-advisories-list.html)
[Cisco](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/csa/cisco-sa-20160210-asa-ike.html)
[ASA](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/csa/cisco-sa-20160517-asa-xml.html)
[Advisories](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/csa/cisco-sa-20170208-asa.html)
[hier](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/csa/cisco-sa-20171004-asa.html)
zu verwenden,
um den EOL-Status der Zweige abzuleiten. Die letzte Aktualisierung dieser Tabelle war Juli 2017.
Cisco-ASA-Zweig | Letztes Update | End-of-life? | Anmerkungen |
------------------ | ------------- | ------------ |------------------------------------ |
7.2 | <= Feb 2016 | Ja | |
8.0 | <= Feb 2016 | Ja | |
8.1 | <= Feb 2016 | Ja | |
8.2 | <= Feb 2016 | Ja | Sonderpatch für IKE-Heap-Überlauf |
8.3 | <= Feb 2016 | Ja | |
8.4 | <= May 2016 | Ja | |
8.5 | <= Feb 2016 | Ja | |
8.6 | <= Feb 2016 | Ja | |
8.7 | <= May 2016 | Ja | |
9.0 | <= Feb 2017 | Ja | |
9.1 | | Nein | |
9.2 | | Nein | |
9.3 | <= Feb 2017 | Ja | |
9.4 | | Nein | |
9.5 | <= Apr 2017 | Ja | |
9.6 | | Nein | |
9.7 | | Nein | |
9.8 | | Nein | |
9.9 | | Nein | |
# Bekannte Probleme
## sudo -E behält den PATH nicht
Zumindest unter Ubuntu 18.04 ist ein `secure_path` in `/etc/sudoers` definiert, der die Verwendung des Befehls `sudo -E` verbietet:```
$ unpack_repack_qcow2.sh
[unpack_repack_qcow2] You need to be root to mount/unmount the qcow2
$ sudo -E unpack_repack_qcow2.sh
[sudo] password for user:
sudo: unpack_repack_qcow2.sh: command not found
```
Daher musst du das möglicherweise auskommentieren, siehe [hier](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18748045/sudo-e-option-does-not-work).```
#Defaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
```
### Zusätzliche Konfiguration (Proxys, API-Schlüssel usw.)
- Die DuckDuckGo-Suchmaschine kann langsam sein, wenn die Standardeinstellungen verwendet werden. Klicken Sie in der GUI auf die Schaltfläche "⚙️" und ändern Sie die Option "Dorker cycle sleep" auf eine höhere Zahl (Standard ist 5, aber versuchen Sie 30 oder mehr).
- Für den "wayback machine"-Dorker kann es hilfreich sein, einen Ruhemodus von 5 Sekunden einzustellen, um eine Ratenbegrenzung zu vermeiden (kann ebenfalls in der GUI eingestellt werden).
Wenn Sie Zugriff auf eine kostenpflichtige Suchmaschinen-API (wie Bing, Google) haben, können Sie Folgendes einstellen:
- `CENSYS_UID`, wenn Sie censys binary edge lookup verwenden möchten
- `SHODAN_API_KEY`, wenn Sie Shodan-Dorking für die DNS-Abfrage verwenden möchten
- `SECURITYTRAILS_API_KEY`, wenn Sie securitytrails dorking für die DNS-Abfrage verwenden möchten```
$ sudo -E unpack_repack_qcow2.sh
[sudo] password for user:
[unpack_repack_qcow2] ERROR: You must specify at least a valid -i file:
[unpack_repack_qcow2] ERROR: Double check your working directory as doesn't appear to exist
```