al-khaser

Al-Khaser v0.81

Conteúdo

• Introdução
• Possíveis usos
• Funcionalidades
• Ataques anti-debugging
• Anti-Dumping
• Ataques de temporização
• Interação Humana
• Anti-VM
• Anti-Desmontagem
• Requisitos
• Licença

Introdução

al-khaser é uma aplicação "malware" PoC com boas intenções que visa estressar seu sistema anti-malware. Ela executa uma série de truques comuns de malware com o objetivo de ver se você passa despercebido.

Uso

$ ./al-khaser.exe -h
Usage: al-khaser.exe [OPTIONS]
Options:
  --check <type>      Enable specific check(s). Can be used multiple times. Valid types are:
                        TLS              (Thread Local Storage callback checks)
                        DEBUG            (Anti-debugging checks)
                        INJECTION        (Code injection checks)
                        GEN_SANDBOX      (Generic sandbox checks)
                        VBOX             (VirtualBox detection)
                        VMWARE           (VMware detection)
                        VPC              (Virtual PC detection)
                        QEMU             (QEMU detection)
                        KVM              (KVM detection)
                        XEN              (Xen detection)
                        WINE             (Wine detection)
                        PARALLELS        (Parallels detection)
                        HYPERV           (Hyper-V detection)
                        CODE_INJECTIONS  (Additional code injection techniques)
                        TIMING_ATTACKS   (Timing/sleep-based sandbox evasion)
                        DUMPING_CHECK    (Dumping memory/process checks)
                        ANALYSIS_TOOLS   (Analysis tools detection)
                        ANTI_DISASSM     (Anti-disassembly checks)
  --sleep <seconds>   Set sleep/delay duration in seconds (default: 600).
  --delay <seconds>   Alias for --sleep.
  -h, --help          Show this help message and exit.

Examples:
  al-khaser.exe --check DEBUG --check TIMING_ATTACKS --sleep 30
  al-khaser.exe --check VMWARE --check QEMU
  al-khaser.exe --sleep 30

Download

Você pode baixar os binários compilados (x86, x64) na página de releases deste projeto. A senha dos arquivos 7z pode ser encontrada aqui.

Possíveis usos

• Você está criando um plugin anti-debug e deseja verificar sua eficácia.
• Você quer garantir que sua solução de sandbox esteja suficientemente oculta.
• Ou você quer garantir que seu ambiente de análise de malware esteja bem oculto.

Por favor, se você encontrar algum dos truques anti-análise que já viu em um malware, não hesite em contribuir.

Funcionalidades

Ataques anti-debugging

• IsDebuggerPresent
• CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent
• Process Environment Block (BeingDebugged)
• Process Environment Block (NtGlobalFlag)
• ProcessHeap (Flags)
• ProcessHeap (ForceFlags)
• Low Fragmentation Heap (LFH)
• NtQueryInformationProcess (ProcessDebugPort)
• NtQueryInformationProcess (ProcessDebugFlags)
• NtQueryInformationProcess (ProcessDebugObject)
• WudfIsAnyDebuggerPresent
• WudfIsKernelDebuggerPresent
• WudfIsUserDebuggerPresent
• NtSetInformationThread (HideThreadFromDebugger)
• NtQueryObject (ObjectTypeInformation)
• NtQueryObject (ObjectAllTypesInformation)
• CloseHanlde (NtClose) Invalide Handle
• SetHandleInformation (Protected Handle)
• UnhandledExceptionFilter
• OutputDebugString (GetLastError())
• Hardware Breakpoints (SEH / GetThreadContext)
• Software Breakpoints (INT3 / 0xCC)
• Memory Breakpoints (PAGE_GUARD)
• Interrupt 0x2d
• Interrupt 1
• Trap Flag
• Parent Process (Explorer.exe)
• SeDebugPrivilege (Csrss.exe)
• NtYieldExecution / SwitchToThread
• TLS callbacks
• Process jobs
• Memory write watching
• Page exception breakpoint detection
• API hook detection (module bounds based)

Anti-injeção

• Enumerate modules with EnumProcessModulesEx (32-bit, 64-bit, and all options)
• Enumerate modules with ToolHelp32
• Enumerate the process LDR structures with LdrEnumerateLoadedModules
• Enumerate the process LDR structures directly
• Walk memory with GetModuleInformation
• Walk memory for hidden modules

Anti-Dumping

• Erase PE header from memory
• SizeOfImage

Ataques de temporização [Anti-Sandbox]

• RDTSC (with CPUID to force a VM Exit)
• RDTSC (Locky version with GetProcessHeap & CloseHandle)
• Sleep -> SleepEx -> NtDelayExecution
• Sleep (in a loop a small delay)
• Sleep and check if time was accelerated (GetTickCount)
• SetTimer (Standard Windows Timers)
• timeSetEvent (Multimedia Timers)
• WaitForSingleObject -> WaitForSingleObjectEx -> NtWaitForSingleObject
• WaitForMultipleObjects -> WaitForMultipleObjectsEx -> NtWaitForMultipleObjects
• IcmpSendEcho (CCleaner Malware)
• CreateWaitableTimer
• CreateTimerQueueTimer
• Big crypto loops (todo)

Interação Humana / Genérico [Anti-Sandbox]

• Mouse movement
• File names like sample.exe or sandbox.exe.
• Total Physical memory (GlobalMemoryStatusEx)
• Disk size using DeviceIoControl (IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO)
• Disk size using GetDiskFreeSpaceEx (TotalNumberOfBytes)
• Mouse (Single click / Double click) (todo)
• DialogBox (todo)
• Scrolling (todo)
• Execution after reboot (todo)
• Count of processors (Win32/Tinba - Win32/Dyre)
• Sandbox known product IDs (todo)
• Color of background pixel (todo)
• Keyboard layout (Win32/Banload) (todo)
• Genuine Windows installation.
• Known Sandbox hostnames and usernames

Anti-Virtualização / Emulação Completa do Sistema

• Registry key value artifacts

  • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 0\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VBOX)
  • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 0\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (QEMU)
  • HARDWARE\Description\System (SystemBiosVersion) (VBOX)
  • HARDWARE\Description\System (SystemBiosVersion) (QEMU)
  • HARDWARE\Description\System (VideoBiosVersion) (VIRTUALBOX)
  • HARDWARE\Description\System (SystemBiosDate) (06/23/99)
  • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 0\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VMWARE)
  • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 1\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VMWARE)
  • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 2\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VMWARE)
  • SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\SystemInformation (SystemManufacturer) (VMWARE)
  • SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\SystemInformation (SystemProductName) (VMWARE)

• Registry Keys artifacts

  • HARDWARE\ACPI\DSDT\VBOX__ (VBOX)
  • HARDWARE\ACPI\FADT\VBOX__ (VBOX)
  • HARDWARE\ACPI\RSDT\VBOX__ (VBOX)
  • SOFTWARE\Oracle\VirtualBox Guest Additions (VBOX)
  • SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxGuest (VBOX)
  • SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxMouse (VBOX)
  • SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxService (VBOX)
  • SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxSF (VBOX)
  • SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxVideo (VBOX)
  • SOFTWARE\VMware, Inc.\VMware Tools (VMWARE)
  • SOFTWARE\Wine (WINE)
  • SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Virtual Machine\Guest\Parameters (HYPER-V)
  • SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Disk\Enum
  • SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\IDE
  • SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\SCSI

• File system artifacts

  • "system32\drivers\VBoxMouse.sys"
  • "system32\drivers\VBoxGuest.sys"
  • "system32\drivers\VBoxSF.sys"
  • "system32\drivers\VBoxVideo.sys"
  • "system32\vboxdisp.dll"
  • "system32\vboxhook.dll"
  • "system32\vboxmrxnp.dll"
  • "system32\vboxogl.dll"
  • "system32\vboxoglarrayspu.dll"
  • "system32\vboxoglcrutil.dll"
  • "system32\vboxoglerrorspu.dll"
  • "system32\vboxoglfeedbackspu.dll"
  • "system32\vboxoglpackspu.dll"
  • "system32\vboxoglpassthroughspu.dll"
  • "system32\vboxservice.exe"
  • "system32\vboxtray.exe"

Anti-Análise

• Processos
  • OllyDBG / ImmunityDebugger / WinDbg / IDA Pro / X64dbg / Cheat Engine
  • SysInternals Suite Tools (Process Explorer / Process Monitor / Regmon / Filemon, TCPView, Autoruns)
  • Wireshark / Dumpcap / Fiddler / Http Debugger
  • ProcessHacker / SysAnalyzer / HookExplorer / SysInspector
  • ImportREC / PETools / LordPE
  • JoeBox Sandbox
  • Resource Hacker
  • Frida

Anti-Desmontagem

• Jump with constant condition
• Jump instruction with same target
• Impossible disassembly
• Function Pointers
• Return Pointer Abuse

Ataques de macro malware

• Document_Close / Auto_Close.
• Application.RecentFiles.Count

Técnicas de Injeção de Código/DLL

• CreateRemoteThread
• SetWindowsHooksEx
• NtCreateThreadEx
• RtlCreateUserThread
• APC (QueueUserAPC / NtQueueApcThread)
• RunPE (GetThreadContext / SetThreadContext)

Autores

• Mattiwatti: Matthijs Lavrijsen
• gsuberland: Graham Sutherland
• hFireF0x: hfiref0x

Pull requests são bem-vindos. Por favor, leia as Diretrizes do Desenvolvedor em nossa wiki se desejar contribuir para o projeto.

Referências

• An Anti-Reverse Engineering Guide By Josh Jackson.
• Anti-Unpacker Tricks By Peter Ferrie.
• The Art Of Unpacking By Mark Vincent Yason.
• Walied Assar's blog http://waleedassar.blogspot.de/.
• Pafish tool: https://github.com/a0rtega/pafish.
• PafishMacro by JoeSecurity: https://github.com/joesecurity/pafishmacro