zhuowei/blueshrimpProof-of-concept for CVE-2025-48593
Proof-of-concept for CVE-2025-48593 based on examining the patch.
You shouldn't worry about this. As far as I can tell, phones are NOT vulnerable to CVE-2025-48593. The issue only affects Android devices that support acting as Bluetooth headphones / speakers, such as some smartwatches, smart glasses, and cars. In addition, an attacker has to get a victim to pair to the attacker before they can access the headset service. As long as you don't accept the pairing request on your smartwatch/glasses/car, you should be fine.
This proof-of-concept isn't useful for anything: it only crashes the Android Automotive emulator with a fault addr 0x4141414141414141.
You can read my writeup on my blog.
When running against the Android Automotive 14 emulator in Android Studio, I get:
*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
Build fingerprint: 'google/sdk_gcar_arm64/emulator_car64_arm64:14/UAA1.250512.001/13479943:userdebug/dev-keys'
Revision: '0'
ABI: 'arm64'
Timestamp: 2025-12-01 17:28:17.644347763-0500
Process uptime: 0s
Cmdline: com.google.android.bluetooth
pid: 6386, tid: 6424, name: bt_main_thread >>> com.google.android.bluetooth <<<
uid: 1001002
tagged_addr_ctrl: 0000000000000001 (PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE)
pac_enabled_keys: 000000000000000f (PR_PAC_APIAKEY, PR_PAC_APIBKEY, PR_PAC_APDAKEY, PR_PAC_APDBKEY)
signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x4141414141414141
x0 4141414141414141 x1 b4000073106a14a0 x2 0000000000000103 x3 414141414141413e
x4 b4000073106a15a3 x5 4141414141414241 x6 0000000000000100 x7 000000000000010f
x8 0000000000000000 x9 4141414141414141 x10 0000000000000002 x11 00000070c20c8558
x12 0000000000000018 x13 00000000ffffffbf x14 0000000000000003 x15 0000000000000001
x16 00000070c253f470 x17 00000073f6ee3a40 x18 00000070bb2c6060 x19 00000070c258c0c0
x20 b4000073106a14a3 x21 0000000000000100 x22 00000070bc384000 x23 000000004141413e
x24 00000070bc384000 x25 00000070bc384000 x26 00000070bc383ff8 x27 00000000000fc000
x28 00000000000fe000 x29 00000070bc383470
lr 00000070c20c3d58 sp 00000070bc383460 pc 00000073f6ee3b38 pst 00000000a0001000
15 total frames
backtrace:
#00 pc 000000000005fb38 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__memcpy_aarch64_simd+248) (BuildId: 8bd98d931a32d13659267d7d53286e73)
#01 pc 00000000006aad54 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (sdp_copy_raw_data(tCONN_CB*, bool)+344) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#02 pc 00000000006aa0c0 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (process_service_search_attr_rsp(tCONN_CB*, unsigned char*, unsigned char*)+624) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#03 pc 00000000006a9760 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (sdp_data_ind(unsigned short, BT_HDR*)+212) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#04 pc 00000000007387b4 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (l2c_csm_execute(t_l2c_ccb*, tL2CEVT, void*)+9412) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#05 pc 00000000009d6ce8 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::debug::TaskAnnotator::RunTask(char const*, base::PendingTask*)+196) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#06 pc 00000000009d6260 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::MessageLoop::RunTask(base::PendingTask*)+352) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#07 pc 00000000009d6574 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::MessageLoop::DoWork()+452) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#08 pc 00000000009d8964 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::MessagePumpDefault::Run(base::MessagePump::Delegate*)+100) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#09 pc 00000000009e4a34 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (base::RunLoop::Run()+64) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#10 pc 000000000069aaa4 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread::Run(std::__1::promise<void>)+336) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#11 pc 000000000069a584 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread::RunThread(bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread*, std::__1::promise<void>)+48) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#12 pc 000000000069b090 /apex/com.android.btservices/lib64/libbluetooth_jni.so (void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<std::__1::unique_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct, std::__1::default_delete<std::__1::__thread_struct> >, void (*)(bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread*, std::__1::promise<void>), bluetooth::common::MessageLoopThread*, std::__1::promise<void> > >(void*)+84) (BuildId: fe3c1bf88cf688f5197df2b2f326f723)
#13 pc 00000000000cb6a8 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__pthread_start(void*)+208) (BuildId: 8bd98d931a32d13659267d7d53286e73)
#14 pc 000000000006821c /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__start_thread+64) (BuildId: 8bd98d931a32d13659267d7d53286e73)
These are from my original proof-of-concept before I figured out how to reallocate the buffer:
After forcing an Android 15 emulator to act as a Bluetooth speaker, running this code gives a null deference:
*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
Build fingerprint: 'google/sdk_gphone64_arm64/emu64a:15/AE3A.240806.043/12960925:userdebug/dev-keys'
Revision: '0'
ABI: 'arm64'
Timestamp: 2025-11-13 22:03:35.264596895-0500
Process uptime: 0s
Cmdline: com.google.android.bluetooth
pid: 5549, tid: 5589, name: bt_main_thread >>> com.google.android.bluetooth <<<
uid: 1002
tagged_addr_ctrl: 0000000000000001 (PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE)
pac_enabled_keys: 000000000000000f (PR_PAC_APIAKEY, PR_PAC_APIBKEY, PR_PAC_APDAKEY, PR_PAC_APDBKEY)
signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x2a20010000000000
x0 00000074d49ccf5a x1 b4000076cb2f4f80 x2 0000000000000035 x3 000000752fd5403c
x4 b4000075cb32c6f9 x5 b40000764b322462 x6 0000000000000035 x7 b4000076db2ef159
x8 0007ac63ecbcb3da x9 0000000000000002 x10 b40000764b322460 x11 00000074d476c3a4
x12 000000000000000c x13 000000007fffffff x14 0000000000000001 x15 000006a9e9459ce0
x16 00000074d4974360 x17 00000077fcd25700 x18 00000074d0aa8060 x19 00000074d49ccf5a
x20 00000074d3e9d98b x21 2a20010000000000 x22 00000074d3e28d23 x23 00000074d414ae8c
x24 000000752fd54a80 x25 0000000000003002 x26 b4000076cb2f4f80 x27 00000074d3e9d92c
x28 000000752fd541f0 x29 000000752fd53fd0
lr 00000074d476702c sp 000000752fd53940 pc 00000074d476ab88 pst 0000000060001000