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Manticore

Manticore is a symbolic execution tool for the analysis of smart contracts and binaries.

Features

• Program Exploration: Manticore can execute a program with symbolic inputs and explore all the possible states it can reach
• Input Generation: Manticore can automatically produce concrete inputs that result in a given program state
• Error Discovery: Manticore can detect crashes and other failure cases in binaries and smart contracts
• Instrumentation: Manticore provides fine-grained control of state exploration via event callbacks and instruction hooks
• Programmatic Interface: Manticore exposes programmatic access to its analysis engine via a Python API

Manticore can analyze the following types of programs:

• Ethereum smart contracts (EVM bytecode)
• Linux ELF binaries (x86, x86_64, aarch64, and ARMv7)
• WASM Modules

Installation

Note: We recommend installing Manticore in a virtual environment to prevent conflicts with other projects or packages

Option 1: Installing from PyPI:

pip install manticore

Option 2: Installing from PyPI, with extra dependencies needed to execute native binaries:

pip install "manticore[native]"

Option 3: Installing a nightly development build:

pip install --pre "manticore[native]"

Option 4: Installing from the master branch:

git clone https://github.com/trailofbits/manticore.git
cd manticore
pip install -e ".[native]"

Option 5: Install via Docker:

docker pull trailofbits/manticore

Once installed, the manticore CLI tool and Python API will be available.

For a development installation, see our wiki.

Usage

CLI

Manticore has a command line interface which can perform a basic symbolic analysis of a binary or smart contract. Analysis results will be placed into a workspace directory beginning with mcore_. For information about the workspace, see the wiki.

EVM

Manticore CLI automatically detects you are trying to test a contract if (for ex.) the contract has a .sol or a .vy extension. See a demo.

$ manticore examples/evm/umd_example.sol 
 [9921] m.main:INFO: Registered plugins: DetectUninitializedMemory, DetectReentrancySimple, DetectExternalCallAndLeak, ...
 [9921] m.e.manticore:INFO: Starting symbolic create contract
 [9921] m.e.manticore:INFO: Starting symbolic transaction: 0
 [9921] m.e.manticore:INFO: 4 alive states, 6 terminated states
 [9921] m.e.manticore:INFO: Starting symbolic transaction: 1
 [9921] m.e.manticore:INFO: 16 alive states, 22 terminated states
[13761] m.c.manticore:INFO: Generated testcase No. 0 - STOP(3 txs)
[13754] m.c.manticore:INFO: Generated testcase No. 1 - STOP(3 txs)
...
[13743] m.c.manticore:INFO: Generated testcase No. 36 - THROW(3 txs)
[13740] m.c.manticore:INFO: Generated testcase No. 37 - THROW(3 txs)
[9921] m.c.manticore:INFO: Results in ~/manticore/mcore_gsncmlgx

Manticore-verifier

An alternative CLI tool is provided that simplifies contract testing and allows writing properties methods in the same high-level language the contract uses. Checkout manticore-verifier documentation. See a demo

Native

$ manticore examples/linux/basic
[9507] m.n.manticore:INFO: Loading program examples/linux/basic
[9507] m.c.manticore:INFO: Generated testcase No. 0 - Program finished with exit status: 0
[9507] m.c.manticore:INFO: Generated testcase No. 1 - Program finished with exit status: 0
[9507] m.c.manticore:INFO: Results in ~/manticore/mcore_7u7hgfay
[9507] m.n.manticore:INFO: Total time: 2.8029580116271973

API

Manticore provides a Python programming interface which can be used to implement powerful custom analyses.

EVM

For Ethereum smart contracts, the API can be used for detailed verification of arbitrary contract properties. Users can set the starting conditions, execute symbolic transactions, and then review discovered states to ensure invariants for a contract hold.

from manticore.ethereum import ManticoreEVM
contract_src="""
contract Adder {
    function incremented(uint value) public returns (uint){
        if (value == 1)
            revert();
        return value + 1;
    }
}
"""
m = ManticoreEVM()

user_account = m.create_account(balance=10000000)
contract_account = m.solidity_create_contract(contract_src,
                                              owner=user_account,
                                              balance=0)
value = m.make_symbolic_value()

contract_account.incremented(value)

for state in m.ready_states:
    print("can value be 1? {}".format(state.can_be_true(value == 1)))
    print("can value be 200? {}".format(state.can_be_true(value == 200)))

Native

It is also possible to use the API to create custom analysis tools for Linux binaries. Tailoring the initial state helps avoid state explosion problems that commonly occur when using the CLI.

# example Manticore script
from manticore.native import Manticore

m = Manticore.linux('./example')

@m.hook(0x400ca0)
def hook(state):
  cpu = state.cpu
  print('eax', cpu.EAX)
  print(cpu.read_int(cpu.ESP))

  m.kill()  # tell Manticore to stop

m.run()

WASM

Manticore can also evaluate WebAssembly functions over symbolic inputs for property validation or general analysis.

from manticore.wasm import ManticoreWASM

m = ManticoreWASM("collatz.wasm")

def arg_gen(state):
    # Generate a symbolic argument to pass to the collatz function.
    # Possible values: 4, 6, 8
    arg = state.new_symbolic_value(32, "collatz_arg")
    state.constrain(arg > 3)
    state.constrain(arg < 9)
    state.constrain(arg % 2 == 0)
    return [arg]


# Run the collatz function with the given argument generator.
m.collatz(arg_gen)

# Manually collect return values
# Prints 2, 3, 8
for idx, val_list in enumerate(m.collect_returns()):
    print("State", idx, "::", val_list[0])