Active Directory Exploitation Cheat Sheet

This cheat sheet contains common enumeration and attack methods for Windows Active Directory.

ℹ️ This repository was created by Nikos Katsiopis and Nikos Vourdas.

This cheat sheet is inspired by the PayloadAllTheThings repo.

Summary

• Active Directory Exploitation Cheat Sheet
  • Summary
  • Tools
  • Domain Enumeration
    • Using PowerView
    • Using AD Module
    • Using BloodHound
      • Remote BloodHound
      • On Site BloodHound
    • Using Adalanche
      • Remote adalanche
    • Export Enumerated Objects
    • Useful Enumeration Tools
  • Local Privilege Escalation
    • Useful Local Priv Esc Tools
  • Lateral Movement
    • Powershell Remoting
    • Remote Code Execution with PS Credentials
    • Import a PowerShell Module and Execute its Functions Remotely
    • Executing Remote Stateful commands
    • Mimikatz
    • Remote Desktop Protocol
    • URL File Attacks
    • Useful Tools
  • Domain Privilege Escalation
    • Kerberoast
    • ASREPRoast
    • Password Spray Attack
    • Force Set SPN
    • Abusing Shadow Copies
    • List and Decrypt Stored Credentials using Mimikatz
    • Unconstrained Delegation
    • Constrained Delegation
    • Resource Based Constrained Delegation
    • DNSAdmins Abuse
    • Abusing Active Directory-Integraded DNS
    • Abusing Backup Operators Group
    • Abusing Exchange
    • Weaponizing Printer Bug
    • Abusing ACLs
    • Abusing IPv6 with mitm6
    • SID History Abuse
    • Exploiting SharePoint
    • Zerologon
    • PrintNightmare
    • Active Directory Certificate Services
    • No PAC
  • Domain Persistence
    • Golden Ticket Attack
    • DCsync Attack
    • Silver Ticket Attack
    • Skeleton Key Attack
    • DSRM Abuse
    • Custom SSP
  • Cross Forest Attacks
    • Trust Tickets
    • Abuse MSSQL Servers
    • Breaking Forest Trusts

Tools

• Powersploit
• PowerUpSQL
• Powermad
• Impacket
• Mimikatz
• Rubeus -> Compiled Version
• BloodHound
• AD Module
• ASREPRoast
• Adalanche

Domain Enumeration

Using PowerView

Powerview v.3.0
Powerview Wiki

• Get Current Domain: Get-Domain

• Enumerate Other Domains: Get-Domain -Domain <DomainName>

• Get Domain SID: Get-DomainSID

• Get Domain Policy:

  Get-DomainPolicy
  
  #Will show us the policy configurations of the Domain about system access or kerberos
  Get-DomainPolicy | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SystemAccess
  Get-DomainPolicy | Select-Object -ExpandProperty KerberosPolicy
  

• Get Domain Controllers:

  Get-DomainController
  Get-DomainController -Domain <DomainName>
  

• Enumerate Domain Users:

  #Save all Domain Users to a file
  Get-DomainUser | Out-File -FilePath .\DomainUsers.txt
  
  #Will return specific properties of a specific user
  Get-DomainUser -Identity [username] -Properties DisplayName, MemberOf | Format-List
  
  #Enumerate user logged on a machine
  Get-NetLoggedon -ComputerName <ComputerName>
  
  #Enumerate Session Information for a machine
  Get-NetSession -ComputerName <ComputerName>
  
  #Enumerate domain machines of the current/specified domain where specific users are logged into
  Find-DomainUserLocation -Domain <DomainName> | Select-Object UserName, SessionFromName
  

• Enum Domain Computers:

  Get-DomainComputer -Properties OperatingSystem, Name, DnsHostName | Sort-Object -Property DnsHostName
  
  #Enumerate Live machines
  Get-DomainComputer -Ping -Properties OperatingSystem, Name, DnsHostName | Sort-Object -Property DnsHostName
  

• Enum Groups and Group Members:

  #Save all Domain Groups to a file:
  Get-DomainGroup | Out-File -FilePath .\DomainGroup.txt
  
  #Return members of Specific Group (eg. Domain Admins & Enterprise Admins)
  Get-DomainGroup -Identity '<GroupName>' | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Member
  Get-DomainGroupMember -Identity '<GroupName>' | Select-Object MemberDistinguishedName
  
  #Enumerate the local groups on the local (or remote) machine. Requires local admin rights on the remote machine
  Get-NetLocalGroup | Select-Object GroupName
  
  #Enumerates members of a specific local group on the local (or remote) machine. Also requires local admin rights on the remote machine
  Get-NetLocalGroupMember -GroupName Administrators | Select-Object MemberName, IsGroup, IsDomain
  
  #Return all GPOs in a domain that modify local group memberships through Restricted Groups or Group Policy Preferences
  Get-DomainGPOLocalGroup | Select-Object GPODisplayName, GroupName
  

• Enumerate Shares:

  #Enumerate Domain Shares
  Find-DomainShare
  
  #Enumerate Domain Shares the current user has access
  Find-DomainShare -CheckShareAccess
  
  #Enumerate "Interesting" Files on accessible shares
  Find-InterestingDomainShareFile -Include *passwords*
  

• Enum Group Policies:

  Get-DomainGPO -Properties DisplayName | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName
  
  #Enumerate all GPOs to a specific computer
  Get-DomainGPO -ComputerIdentity <ComputerName> -Properties DisplayName | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName
  
  #Get users that are part of a Machine's local Admin group
  Get-DomainGPOComputerLocalGroupMapping -ComputerName <ComputerName>
  

• Enum OUs:

  Get-DomainOU -Properties Name | Sort-Object -Property Name
  

• Enum ACLs:

  # Returns the ACLs associated with the specified account
  Get-DomainObjectAcl -Identity <AccountName> -ResolveGUIDs