george0papasotiriou/cve-2026-22017-firmware-update-via-ble-without-authenticationSimulated BLE peripheral exposing an unauthenticated GATT firmware-update characteristic; demonstrates critical CVE-2026-22017 device-takeover vulnerability.
# ble_firmware_update.py - Simulated BLE peripheral accepting firmware writes
from bleak import BleakServer, BleakGATTCharacteristic
import asyncio
class FirmwareService:
def __init__(self):
self.firmware_data = bytearray()
def write_characteristic(self, data):
self.firmware_data.extend(data)
if len(self.firmware_data) > 1024:
print("Firmware update received, applying... (malicious possible)")
async def main():
server = BleakServer()
await server.start()
# Expose a characteristic with no authentication
char = BleakGATTCharacteristic(
uuid='12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc',
properties=['write'],
permissions=['write'],
on_write=lambda value: firmware_service.write_characteristic(value)
)
# register service...
await asyncio.sleep(3600)
firmware_service = FirmwareService()
asyncio.run(main())
A Bluetooth Low Energy device allows firmware updates over a GATT characteristic without any pairing or authentication. An attacker in proximity can send a malicious firmware image and take over the device.
Run the vulnerable peripheral simulation and connect with a BLE client to write fake firmware.
python ble_firmware_update.py