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web-threat-mitigation — Hands-on lab on detecting and mitigating web app threats using OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite, and ModSecurity WAF (with OWASP CRS). Case study: Spring4Shell (CVE-2022-22965). Local Docker-based setup. | Kitploit
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GitHubbrunoh6/web-threat-mitigation

web-threat-mitigation

Hands-on lab on detecting and mitigating web app threats using OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite, and ModSecurity WAF (with OWASP CRS). Case study: Spring4Shell (CVE-2022-22965). Local Docker-based setup.

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31 year agoNot yet reviewed

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web-threat-mitigation

Hands-on lab on detecting and mitigating web app threats using OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite, and ModSecurity WAF (with OWASP CRS). Case study: Spring4Shell (CVE-2022-22965). Local Docker-based setup.

Web Threat Mitigation Lab – OWASP ZAP, ModSecurity & CVE Exploitation

This repository documents a lab focused on simulating, analyzing, and mitigating common web application threats. It includes installation of vulnerable targets, scanning tools, deployment of a WAF (ModSecurity with OWASP CRS), and a live exploitation of CVE-2022-22965 (Spring4Shell).

Lab Objectives

  • Deploy a vulnerable web application (WebGoat) using Docker
  • Perform vulnerability scanning using OWASP ZAP and Burp Suite
  • Setup a reverse proxy using Nginx + ModSecurity + OWASP CRS 4.9.0
  • Analyze results before and after WAF implementation
  • Exploit Spring4Shell and verify WAF effectiveness

Tools Used

  • Docker + Docker Compose
  • OWASP ZAP and Burp Suite
  • ModSecurity (via libnginx-mod-http-modsecurity)
  • OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS 4.9.0)
  • Kali Linux with Metasploit Framework
  • CentOS 9 Stream & Debian 12

Lab Workflow

  1. WebGoat Deployment on CentOS using Docker, exposed on port 8080.

webgoat

webgoat_on

vulne

  1. Initial Scanning from Kali Linux using OWASP ZAP:
    • High-risk alerts: SQL Injection, Spring4Shell
    • Medium: Missing CSP, CSRF Tokens, Parameter Tampering
    • Info: Version leaks, potential XSS, session issues

dock

dock_on

  1. Reverse Proxy Deployment on Debian 12 using nginx.

proxy

  1. WAF Setup with OWASP CRS and rules loaded from:
    root@kitploit:~
    /etc/nginx/coreruleset-4.9.0/crs-setup.conf
/etc/nginx/coreruleset-4.9.0/rules/*.conf
    Rules were tested and enabled by checking ModSecurity logs.

cure

cure_on

cure_v

  1. Post-WAF Scanning using OWASP ZAP showed:
    • Reduced alerts (blocked or masked responses)
    • Confirmation of WAF protection in place

mod

mod_v

  1. Exploit Testing using Metasploit against Spring4Shell:
    • Without WAF: RCE successful (reverse shell payload)
    • With WAF: Exploit blocked due to CRS detection

sp4

sp4_ex

Conclusion

The lab shows the importance of layered security:

  • A vulnerable app can be exposed easily without protection
  • ZAP/Burp help identify and categorize vulnerabilities
  • ModSecurity and OWASP CRS effectively reduce attack surface
  • WAFs can block real-world CVEs like Spring4Shell with proper tuning

Author

Bruno Paolo Huamán Vela (Lima, Peru) Cybersecurity Student – Ural Federal University (UrFU)

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