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Vulnerability Analysis - LAB W7

Description

Overview

This lab focuses on analyzing network scan results, interpreting Nmap outputs to identify vulnerable services, performing OS fingerprinting using TTL values, and analyzing Nessus scan findings including the critical Ghostcat vulnerability.

Question 1: Analyse packet1.pcap and find the flag.

Instructions: Open packet1.pcap in Wireshark and analyze the captured packets to locate the flag.

Steps:

1. Open packet1.pcap in Wireshark
2. Follow TCP streams or inspect packet details
3. Look for hidden strings or flag patterns

Question 2: Analyse packet2.pcap and find the flag.

Instructions: Open packet2.pcap in Wireshark and analyze the captured packets to locate the flag.

Steps:

1. Open packet2.pcap in Wireshark
2. Follow TCP streams or inspect packet details
3. Look for hidden strings or flag patterns

the Flag is SUCTF2023{EXMACHINAAVA}

Question 3: Interpret an Nmap Output

Nmap Scan Results

PORT     STATE SERVICE       VERSION
21/tcp   open  ftp           vsftpd 2.3.4
22/tcp   open  ssh           OpenSSH 5.3p1
80/tcp   open  http          Apache 2.2.8
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp  open  microsoft-ds  Windows 7 Professional 7601 Service Pack 1

1. What can an attacker do with each port?

2. What vulnerabilities are likely present based on the version?

• vsftpd 2.3.4: Backdoor command execution vulnerability
• Windows 7 SP1: MS17-010 (EternalBlue) vulnerability
• Apache 2.2.8: HTTP request smuggling and DoS (CVE-2007-6750)

3. Which one is the highest risk and why?

Port 21 (FTP) is the most dangerous. The backdoor is simple to exploit, requires no credentials, and provides instant shell access.

4. What attack path can be built from this?

• Step 1: Exploit vsftpd backdoor on Port 21 for initial shell access
• Step 2: Escalate privileges to SYSTEM using ms16-032
• Step 3: Dump credentials or attack SMB port (MS17-010) for persistence

5. What should be the remediation?

• Remove/block FTP if not needed. Patch vsftpd immediately
• Update or retire Windows 7 (EOL). Update Apache
• Apply SMB patches (KB4012212) or disable SMBv1

Screenshot - Nmap Analysis

Question 4: Identify the OS (OS Fingerprinting) - TTL

Sample 1

Answer: Linux OS

Sample 2

Answer: Windows 7

Sample 3

Answer: Windows 10/11

TTL Reference Guide

Screenshot - OS Fingerprinting

Question 5: Analyse the Nessus file

Ghostcat Vulnerability Analysis

Upload Network_Scan.nessus to Nessus and analyze the findings. Focus on critical or high findings identified in the analysis named "Ghostcat".

Findings

1. What is the affected Port number?

Port 6667/tcp/icp

2. What is the affected protocol?

AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) / TCP

3. What is the CVSS Score of vulnerability found?

10.0 (Critical) - CVSS v3.0 Base score

4. Can you find any exploit related to this vulnerability?

Yes - Public exploits available on:

• Exploit-DB (EDB-49039)
• GitHub

5. Find CVE for this vulnerability.

CVE-2020-1938 (also related: CVE-2020-1745)

Ghostcat Vulnerability Overview

Summary

Remediation Summary

Tools Used

• Wireshark - Packet analysis
• Nmap - Network scanning and OS fingerprinting
• Nessus - Vulnerability scanning
• TTL Analysis - OS identification