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CVE-2025-27407

CriticalPublished

Remote code execution when loading a crafted GraphQL schema

Published: Mar 12, 2025
Updated: Nov 3, 2025
Assigning CNA: GitHub_M
Evidence observed: Aug 14, 2026

Primary CVSS

9.0/ 10Critical

nvd · CVSS 3.1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS probability estimate

3.1%

Low · next 30 days

Percentile: 87.2%
Model date: Sep 21, 2026

EPSS is a statistical estimate, not a certainty or a measure of impact. Combine it with CVSS, KEV status, exposure and your environment.

Summary

graphql-ruby is a Ruby implementation of GraphQL. Starting in version 1.11.5 and prior to versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21, loading a malicious schema definition in `GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection` (or `GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load`) can result in remote code execution. Any system which loads a schema by JSON from an untrusted source is vulnerable, including those that use GraphQL::Client to load external schemas via GraphQL introspection. Versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21 contain a patch for the issue.

Sources

CVE-2025-27407PoC
Local lab and proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2025-27407, targeting GitLab's GraphQL introspection schema loader via the Direct Transfer HTTP path. Includes containerized environment and automated trigger script.

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