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CVE-2025-14178

HighPublished

Heap buffer overflow in array_merge()

Published: Dec 27, 2025
Updated: Jan 24, 2026
Assigning CNA: php
Evidence observed: Aug 8, 2026

Primary CVSS

8.2/ 10High

nvd · CVSS 3.1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

EPSS probability estimate

0.5%

Low · next 30 days

Percentile: 39.4%
Model date: Sep 21, 2026

EPSS is a statistical estimate, not a certainty or a measure of impact. Combine it with CVSS, KEV status, exposure and your environment.

Summary

In PHP versions:8.1.* before 8.1.34, 8.2.* before 8.2.30, 8.3.* before 8.3.29, 8.4.* before 8.4.16, 8.5.* before 8.5.1, a heap buffer overflow occurs in array_merge() when the total element count of packed arrays exceeds 32-bit limits or HT_MAX_SIZE, due to an integer overflow in the precomputation of element counts using zend_hash_num_elements(). This may lead to memory corruption or crashes and affect the integrity and availability of the target server.

Sources

PHP_8.1.x_ExploitExploit
Automated detection & exploitation of critical PHP vulnerabilities (CVE-2024-4577 bypass, CVE-2025-14177, CVE-2025-14180, CVE-2025-14178)

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