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CVE-2021-28663

HighPublished

Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Published: May 10, 2021
Updated: Oct 21, 2025
Assigning CNA: mitre
Evidence observed: Nov 3, 2021

Primary CVSS

8.8/ 10High

nvd · CVSS 3.1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS probability estimate

12.1%

Moderate · next 30 days

Percentile: 96.0%
Model date: Sep 21, 2026

EPSS is a statistical estimate, not a certainty or a measure of impact. Combine it with CVSS, KEV status, exposure and your environment.

CISA Known Exploited

This CVE appears in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

Summary

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.

Sources

CVE-2021-28663PoC
Proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2021-28663, a design flaw in the Mali GPU Android kernel driver enabling arbitrary read via memory alias and eviction manipulation.

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