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CVE-2012-0391

CriticalPublished

Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

Published: Jan 8, 2012
Updated: Oct 22, 2025
Assigning CNA: mitre
Evidence observed: Jan 6, 2012

Primary CVSS

9.8/ 10Critical

nvd · CVSS 3.1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS probability estimate

75.6%

High · next 30 days

Percentile: 99.5%
Model date: Sep 21, 2026

EPSS is a statistical estimate, not a certainty or a measure of impact. Combine it with CVSS, KEV status, exposure and your environment.

CISA Known Exploited

This CVE appears in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

Summary

The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.

Sources

Apache Struts 2 < 2.3.1 - Multiple VulnerabilitiesExploit
SEC Consult · multiple · Jan 6, 2012
Apache Struts 2.2.1.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)Exploit
Metasploit · multiple · Jun 5, 2012

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